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10 results for “Emberiza”
Raw data for: Spatial and temporal variation in farmland bird nesting ecology: Implications for effective Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra conservation
<p>These are raw data accompanying the study "<span>Spatial and temporal variation in farmland bird nesting ecology: Implications for effective Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra conservation</span>". All information on data origin, data analysis, and derived implications will be available with the original publiation.</p>
Data from: A sex chromosome polymorphism maintains divergent plumage phenotypes between extensively hybridizing yellowhammers (Emberiza citrinella) and pine buntings (E. leucocephalos)
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Data from: Phylogenetic conflict between species tree and maternally inherited gene trees in a clade of Emberiza buntings (Aves: Emberizidae)
<p>Different genomic regions may reflect conflicting phylogenetic topologies on account of incomplete lineage sorting and/or gene flow. Genomic data are necessary to reconstruct the true species tree and explore potential causes of phylogenetic conflict. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships of four <em>Emberiza</em> species (Aves: Emberizidae) and discuss the potential causes of the observed mitochondrial non-monophyly of <em>Emberiza godlewskii</em> (Godlewski's bunting) using phylogenomic analyses based on whole genome resequencing data from 41 birds. Phylogenetic analyses based on both the whole mitochondrial genome and ~39 kilobases from the non-recombining W chromosome reveal that the northern and southern populations of <em>E. godlewskii</em> are each sister to <em>E. cioides</em> and <em>E. cia</em>, respectively. In contrast, phylogenetic analysis based on genome-wide data support the monophyly of <em>E. godlewskii</em> with the following tree topology: (((<em>E. godlewskii</em>, <em>E. cia</em>), <em>E. cioides</em>), <em>E. jankowskii</em>).<em> </em>Using D-statistics, we detected multiple gene flow events among different lineages, indicating pervasive introgressive hybridization within this clade. Introgression from an unsampled lineage that is sister to <em>E. cioides</em> or introgression from an unsampled mitochondrial + W chromosomal lineage of <em>E. cioides</em> into northern <em>E. godlewskii </em>may explain the phylogenetic conflict between the species tree estimated from genome-wide data and mtDNA/W trees. These results underscore the importance of using genomic data for phylogenetic reconstruction and species delimitation.</p>
Data on range-wide breeding habitat use of the critically endangered Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola after population collapse
<p>The population of the Yellow-breasted Bunting <em>Emberiza aureola</em>, a formerly widely distributed and abundant songbird of northern Eurasia, suffered a catastrophic decline and a strong range contraction between 1980 and 2013. There is evidence that the decline was driven by illegal trapping during migration, but potential contributions of other factors to the decline, such as land-use change, have not yet been evaluated. Before effects of land-use change can be evaluated, a basic understanding of the ecological requirements of the species is needed. We therefore compared habitat use in ten remaining breeding regions across the range, from European Russia to Japan and the Russian Far East. We also assessed large-scale variation in habitat parameters across the breeding range.</p> <p>We found large variation in habitat use, within and between populations. Differences were related to the cover and height of trees and shrubs at Yellow-breasted Bunting territories. In many regions, Yellow-breasted Buntings occupied early successional stages, including anthropogenic habitats characterized by mowing, grazing or fire regimes. We found that the probability of presence can be best predicted with the cover of shrubs, herbs and grasses. Highest probabilities were found at shrub cover values of 40 to 70 %.</p> <p>Differences in habitat use along a longitudinal gradient were small, but we found strong differences across latitudes, possibly related to habitat availability. We conclude that the remaining Yellow-breasted Bunting populations are not limited to specific habitat types. Our results provide important baseline information to model the range-wide distribution of this critically endangered species and to guide targeted conservation measures.</p>
Data on range-wide breeding habitat use of the critically endangered Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola after population collapse
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Data from: Phylogenetic conflict between species tree and maternally inherited gene trees in a clade of Emberiza buntings (Aves: Emberizidae)
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Data from: Tracking migration of black-headed buntings Emberiza melanocephala reveals the Iranian Plateau as an ecological barrier along the Indo-European flyway
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>The black-headed bunting is one of the few species that migrate along the Indo- European flyway, and its migration routes and phenology are poorly understood. We provide the first individual-based year-round tracking study describing route choice and timing of black-headed buntings migrating from a breeding site in Croatia to a 6000 km distant non-breeding region in Maharashtra, Central India. To evaluate landscapes important for the black-headed bunting migration, we quantified land covers and climates along the migration corridor. Stopover areas during the post-breeding migration were concentrated in four distinct regions: the Balkan Peninsula, central Anatolia, along with the Zagros Mountain range and from the Indus River delta to the Kathiawar Peninsula. Post-breeding migration routes followed the shortest path connecting breeding and non-breeding sites, except for the initial detour from the breeding sites to the first stopovers at the Balkan Peninsula. The pre-breeding migration routes occur along the Arabian Peninsula, about 1000 km south of the post-breeding routes – creating a clockwise loop migration pattern. Post-breeding migration lasted about two months, whereas pre-breeding migration was almost two times shorter, conforming to energy- and time-minimisation strategies, respectively. During the postbreeding migration, birds seem to track ecological niches found on their breeding grounds. Post-breeding stopover areas were rich in mosaic lands and were in warm and dry climates of Mediterranean character, while forests and bare areas, as well as arid and humid climates, were avoided.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Habitat use, survival and migration of a little-known East Asian endemic, the Yellow-throated Bunting Emberiza elegans
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Basic information on the ecology of species is key for their conservation. Here we study the ecology of the little-known Yellow-throated Bunting <em>Emberiza elegans</em> based on a multi-year study on its breeding grounds in the Russian Far East. For the first time in this species, we quantified breeding habitat parameters, calculated sex-specific apparent survival, and determined individual non-breeding locations using light-level geolocation.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>We found that the habitat around song posts of male Yellow-throated Buntings is characterized by tree and shrub layers on richly littered moist ground. Habitat use overlaps with co-occurring Tristram´s Buntings <em>Emberiza tristrami</em> and Black-faced Buntings <em>E. spodocephala</em>, but territories differ especially in tree cover and litter cover. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Based on four years of colour-ringing data of 72 individuals, we calculated an apparent survival rate of 36 %, with higher survival estimates for male than for female Yellow-throated Buntings. We found no effect of carrying a geolocator on survival. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>We retrieved six geolocators from males. All birds migrated south-westward during autumn and spent the non-breeding season at locations in China 700-1700 km away from their breeding sites. At least two individuals spent the boreal winter outside of the known range in northern or central China. Birds left the breeding area between early October and early November and returned between mid-March and mid-April.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Our data on habitat use, survival rate, and migratory connectivity will help to assess threats to the populations of this enigmatic species, which might include habitat loss due to forest fires on the breeding grounds, and unsustainable harvest for consumption during the non-breeding season.</span></p>
Data from: Habitat use, survival and migration of a little-known East Asian endemic, the Yellow-throated Bunting Emberiza elegans
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Supplementary material for "Habitat preferences of the Ortolan bunting (Emberiza hortulana) in its prime wintering grounds, the cereal-dominated Ethiopian Highlands"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Agricultural intensification and land-use changes are major factors impacting farmland biodiversity<strong>. </strong>The Ortolan Bunting <em>Emberiza hortulana</em> is the long-distance trans-Saharan migratory passerine that has undergone the most dramatic decline among all European farmland birds. Factors responsible for this decline may originate from the breeding grounds, migration stopovers and/or overwintering quarters. Very little is known about conditions on winter grounds, but a recent study has highlighted the utmost importance of the traditionally-managed agroecosystems in the Ethiopian Highlands as a key wintering area, apparently harbouring as much as 90% of the Ortolan Bunting’s world population. Using radiotracking and line transect surveys, this study aimed to provide fine-grained information about species-habitat relationships in the Ortolan Bunting’s overwintering quarters. Our results showed the importance, at the landscape scale, of small-scale agriculture, notably of traditionally-managed, cereal-dominated fields interspersed with semi-natural structures. At a foraging-site scale, on the other hand, patches of bare ground in combination with high amounts of post-harvesting stubble represented key habitat features. Stubbles provide an essential food resource, whereas bare ground promotes ground foraging by enhancing food accessibility. The maintenance of a traditional agricultural economy will be essential to maintain the habitat potential for the Ortolan Buntings overwintering in the Ethiopian Highlands, and will be instrumental in preserving its world population from further decline.</p>
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