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15 results for “Energetic constraints”
Data for "Constraints on the Observability of Energetic Neutral Atoms from the Magnetosphere-Atmosphere Interactions at Callisto and Europa" by Haynes et al.
<p>Accompanying data products for publication entitled "Constraints on the Observability of Energetic Neutral Atoms from the Magnetosphere-Atmosphere Interactions at Callisto and Europa". The manuscript was submitted to JGR Space Physics shortly after upload.</p> <p>Data includes all simulation outputs that are depicted in this work, both for the AIKEF hybrid model (i.e., Figure 4) and the model used to produce synthetic ENA images (Figures 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, A1, and B1). All other figures in the work are used for illustrative purposes and were not generated with simulation output. </p> <p>Information regarding the organization and file structure can be found in H24_data_readme.txt , as well as which dataset corresponds to which figure. Any inquiries, questions, or comments may be addressed through the email associated with this data publication.</p>
Size-associated energetic constraints on the seasonal onset of reproduction in a species with indeterminate growth
<p>The seasonal onset of reproduction is constrained in many systems by a need to first accumulate energetic reserves. Consequently, the observation that larger individuals reproduce earlier may be due to a negative relationship between size and mass-specific basal metabolic rate that is shared across diverse taxa. However, an untested prediction of this hypothesis is that individuals should be metabolically efficient enough to escape energetic constraints above a certain size threshold. Seasonally reproducing species, such as temperate fishes, that must recover winter energy losses before reproduction and exhibit indeterminate growth are ideal models to test this prediction. We harness decade-long behavioral data on parental male smallmouth bass, <em>Micropterus dolomieu</em>, to investigate contributions of energetic allometry to differences in reproductive timing. At the population level, peak seasonal reproductive timing (i.e., the median date on which eggs were found in nests each year) was negatively related to degree days–a measure of thermal energy experienced–before reproduction. At the individual level, degree days accumulated by males before reproduction was related to male size and condition in every year, but the impact of temperature on reproductive timing by the largest males was relaxed in most years. Additionally, we used our data to replicate the analyses of two previous studies of <em>M. dolomieu</em> populations and found virtually identical negative associations between male body size and degree days accumulated before reproduction. Our results suggest that in smallmouth bass the onset of seasonal reproduction is constrained by basal metabolic rate–as indicated by total length–and that large individuals can escape size-associated energetic constraints. We reveal a more complicated relationship between size and reproductive timing than earlier studies, which may be relevant for many species. Knowledge of this relationship is critical to understanding how a changing climate will influence population dynamics of economically, ecologically, and recreationally important species like <em>M. dolomieu</em>.</p>
Size-associated energetic constraints on the seasonal onset of reproduction in a species with indeterminate growth
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Energetic constraints on body-size niches in a resource-limited marine environment
<p><span>Body size of life on Earth spans many orders of magnitude, and with it scales the energetic requirements of organisms. Thus, changes in environmental energy should impact community body-size distributions in predictable ways by reshaping ecological and niche dynamics. We examine how carbon, oxygen, and temperature, three energetic drivers, impact community size-based assembly in deep-sea bivalves. We demonstrate that body-size distributions are influenced by multiple energetic constraints. Relaxation in these constraints leads to an expansion of body-size niche space through the addition of novel large size classes, increasing the standard deviation and mean of the body-size distribution. With continued Anthropogenic increases in temperature and reductions in carbon availability and oxygen in most ocean basins, our results point to possible radical shifts in invertebrate body size with the potential to impact ecosystem function.</span></p>
Energetic constraints imposed on trophic interaction strengths enhance resilience in empirical and model food webs
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Energetic constraints on body-size niches in a resource-limited marine environment
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Data from: Energetic constraint of non-monotonic mass change during offspring growth: a general hypothesis and application of a new tool
1. Postnatal growth is an important life-history trait and can be a sensitive indicator of ecological stress. For over 50 years, monotonic (never-decreasing) growth has been viewed as the predominant trajectory of postnatal mass change in most animal species, notably among birds. However, prevailing analytical approaches and energetic constraints may limit detection of non-monotonic (or multi-phasic), determinate growth patterns, such as mass recession in birds (weight-loss prior to fledging, preceded by overshooting adult mass), which is currently believed to be restricted to few taxa. 2. Energetic surplus and shortfall are widespread conditions that can directly influence the degree of mass overshooting and recession. Thus, we hypothesize that in many species prevailing energetic constraints force mass change away from a fundamental non-monotonic trajectory to instead follow a monotonic curve. 3. We observed highly non-monotonic, mass change trajectories (overshooting adult mass by up to almost 20%) among common tern Sterna hirundo chicks, a well-studied species long-established as growing monotonically. We quantified the prevalence and magnitude of non-monotonic mass change prior to fledging for 313 common tern chicks that successfully fledged from two discrete populations in multiple years. We used a new approach for analysing non-monotonic curves to examine differences in mass change trajectories between populations under contrasting abiotic (freshwater versus saltwater) and biotic stresses (low rates of food provisioning). 4. Some degree of mass recession occurred in 73% of all study chicks. Overshooting adult mass followed by extensive mass recession was most prevalent at our freshwater colony, being detected among 34 - 38% of chicks annually. Non-monotonic trajectories were less marked in populations experiencing ecological stress and among lower quality individuals. Chicks that were provisioned at higher rates were more likely to both overshoot adult mass and experience subsequent mass recession. 5. Our results provide strong support in common terns for the hypothesis that non-monotonic trajectories are the fundamental pattern of mass change but are constrained to be monotonic under energetic shortfall. This justifies future tests of the generality of this hypothesis across a broad range of taxa. We also demonstrate a recent analytical tool that prevents routine fitting of monotonic curves without prior investigation of non-monotonic trends.
Data from: Energetic constraint of non-monotonic mass change during offspring growth: a general hypothesis and application of a new tool
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Data from: Energetic and Ecological Constraints on Population Density of Reef Fishes
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Food availability, energetic constraints, and reproductive development in a wild bird: Central Arizona Phoenix
For many animals, the seasonal timing (phenology) of gonad cycles is an important adaptation to local environmental conditions. The available evidence suggests that birds adjust to urban areas by advancing the phenology of vernal gonad growth. To test whether the habitat-related disparity in gonad growth phenology is due to energetic constraints, we measured energetic status (i.e., body condition and fat stores) and hypothalamic levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY, a neuropeptide that potentially links food abundance to reproductive endocrine activity) of urban and desert Abert’s Towhees, Melozone aberti. To shed light on the physiological mechanism underlying variation in gonad growth phenology, we compared the (neuro)endocrine activity of the reproductive system at the hypothalamic (gonadotropin -releasing hormone [GnRH] and -inhibitory hormone [GnIH]) and gonadal (baseline plasma testosterone [T] and ‘GnRH challenge’-induced) levels, as well as the morphology dependent on these processes (paired testes mass, seminiferous tubule diameter, and cloacal protuberance width).
Data from: Energetic constraints on species coexistence in birds
The association between species richness and ecosystem energy availability is one of the major geographic trends in biodiversity. It is often explained in terms of energetic constraints, such that coexistence among competing species is limited in low productivity environments. However, it has proven challenging to reject alternative views, including the null hypothesis that species richness has simply had more time to accumulate in productive regions, and thus the role of energetic constraints in limiting coexistence remains largely unknown. We use the phylogenetic relationships and geographic ranges of sister species (pairs of lineages who are each other's closest extant relatives) to examine the association between energy availability and coexistence across an entire vertebrate class (Aves). We show that the incidence of coexistence among sister species increases with overall species richness and is elevated in more productive ecosystems, even when accounting for differences in the evolutionary time available for coexistence to occur. Our results indicate that energy availability promotes species coexistence in closely related lineages, providing a key step toward a more mechanistic understanding of the productivity–richness relationship underlying global gradients in biodiversity.
Data from: Life in the unthinking depths: energetic constraints on encephalization in marine fishes
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Data from: Assessing metabolic constraints on the maximum body size of actinopterygians: locomotion energetics of Leedsichthys problematicus (Actinopterygii, Pachycormiformes)
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Data from: Energetic constraints on species coexistence in birds
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Data from: Mating opportunities and energetic constraints drive variation in age-dependent sexual signalling
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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