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FIGURES 59–62 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae

FIGURES 59–62. Platichthys krammeri sp. nov. compared to Nitzschia sp. SEM. 59. External/internal valve view, the two broken valves of a frustules displaying valve cavity with range of fibulae (above); raphe slit outside (below) running parallel to the marginal crest; note transapical waves and the external central raphe endings—central nodule (arrow). 60. Internal view of areolae structure and fibulae. 61, 62. Nitzschia sp. from section Lineares for comparison, specimens associated in the same preparation. Main distinguishing feature vs. Platichthys gen. nov. is differentiation between valve faces and mantles with a consequently more or less rectangular cross-section.

FIGURES 54–58 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae

FIGURES 54–58. Platichthys krammeri sp. nov. SEM. 54. Broken valve showing external and internal valve views, specimen with strongly lacerated surface, with copulae of both valves lying between ruptured, collapsed valves. 55. External view of two frustules after cell division. 56–58. External view from keel-shaped edge towards ventral valve margin and copulae. 56. Note course of the raphe. 57. Note raphe below and parallel to ridge of the keel. 58. Close up of an intact valve with copulae.

FIGURES 1–21 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae

FIGURES 1–21. Platichthys darwiniana sp. nov. 1–18. LM. Diminution size series of P. darwiniana sp. nov. frustules and valves, all in valve view taken from the holotype slide. 6. Holotype specimen. 19–21. SEM. 19–20. External view of the complete frustules, note the valvocopula perforated with multiple rows of fine puncta (arrow in Fig. 19). 21. External view of the valve with slight constriction in the middle showing the striae composed of very fine areolae (arrow) and particularly well developed hyaline valve mantle.

FIGURES 22–26 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae

FIGURES 22–26. Platichthys darwiniana sp. nov. 22–24 SEM. 25, 26. TEM. 22. Valve view from the keel side of the specimen illustrated in Fig. 21 (strongly tilted). Note the position of the raphe bearing keel and the central nodule (arrow). 23. Specimen showing the compression of the valve and the raphe branches with distinct central nodule (arrow). 24. General view of the valve positioned on the raphe bearing canal. 25, 26. Valve of a specimen showing a position of the fibulae below the raphe bearing canal (arrowheads) and the transapical striae composed of oblong areolae (white arrow). Note the presence of narrow hyaline valve mantle (black arrow in Fig. 26) and of the hyaline raphe bearing canal (white arrow in Fig. 26). Fig. 26 is a close up of a specimen illustrated in Fig. 25.

FIGURES 39–53 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae

FIGURES 39–53. Platichthys krammeri sp. nov. 39–49. LM. Valve view, frustules in various position with different focus. Note in particular diffuse prolongation of fibulae into the valve transapically. 50–53. SEM. 50. External valve view. 51, 52. External view of valve end. Holotype specimen in straight and marginal view. Note copulae of epitheca and shallow valves lacking distinction between faces and mantles. 53. External valve view of specimen with slightly lacerated surface.

FIGURES 27–32 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae

FIGURES 27–32. Platichthys darwiniana sp. nov. SEM. 27. Valve apex showing strongly bent raphe apical ending (arrow). 28. View of an apical valve part with small groove formed by the strongly bent raphe end (arrowhead) which is not visible. 29. Apical part of the frustule showing strongly bent raphe end (arrowhead). 30–32. Internal view of a broken valve. 30. Internal view showing the compression of the valve (marked by the small arrowheads) and narrow hyaline mantle (arrow). 31, 32. Close up of the broken valve, note the striae forming areolae positioned in shallow grooves (arrowhead in Fig. 32).

FIGURES 33–38 in Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae

FIGURES 33–38. SEM. Platichthys darwiniana sp. nov. 33, 34. Internal valve view of the same specimen at different tilting degree, note the position of fibulae (black arrow) and the internal central raphe endings (white arrow). 35. Broken valve showing the position of the fibulae (arrow), note the transapical striae merging into the particular fibulae. 36. Close up of the specimen illustrated in Fig. 34 with an internal view of the central valve part, note the distant position of the two central fibulae (arrowheads) and the central nodule (arrow). 37. Central part of the valve interior with close up of the central nodule with double helictoglossa (arrowhead) and the presence of portulae (white arrow). 38. Apical part of the valve interior, note the presence of simple helictoglossa (arrowhead) and the portulae (white arrow).

FIGURE 37. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from a in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURE 37. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from a concatenated dataset of two markers: rbcL and psbC. Branch support is summarized above branches as ML Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP)/bootstrap values (BS). Taxon labels are indicated as name (in italic) strain (in bold). Canal raphe bearing diatoms (Surirellales, Rhopalodiales and Bacilarialles) are indicated on the right side of phylogram. ML tree is based on GTR+G+I evolutionary model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates and 40M Bayesian generations. The tree is rooted with Eunotia glacialis (FD46) and Eunotia pectinalis (NIES461). BPP/BS values of 1.0/100 are indicated with asterisk (*) and values below 0.5/50 are indicated with dash (-).

FIGURE 36. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from a in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURE 36. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from a concatenated dataset of three markers: SSU, rbcL and psbC. Branch support is summarized above branches as ML Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP)/bootstrap values (BS). Taxon labels are indicated as name (in italic) strain (in bold). Canal raphe bearing diatoms (Surirellales, Rhopalodiales and Bacilarialles) are indicated on the right side of phylogram. ML tree is based on GTR+G+I evolutionary model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates and 60M Bayesian generations. The tree is rooted with Eunotia glacialis (FD46) and Eunotia pectinalis (NIES461). BPP/BS values of 1.0/100 are indicated with asterisk (*) and values below 0.5/50 are indicated with dash (-).

FIGURES 29–35. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 29–35. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2, SEM and TEM. VC-valvocopula; C-copula. Girdle views (Figs 29–35). (29) Frustule with the girdle. (30) Fine structure of the copulae. (31) Fine structure of valvocopulae with teardrop shaped areolae and interareolae thickenings (arrow). (32) Cingulum. (33) Valve with cingulum and decussate appearance of the costae on the valve between valvocopulae (arrowhead) and junction line. (34, 35) Fine structure of copulae. Scale bars: Figs 29, 30=2 μm: Figs 32, 33=1 μm; Figs 31, 34, 35=300 nm.

FIGURES 23–28 Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 23–28 Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2, SEM and TEM. Girdle views (Figs 26, 28), valve views (Figs 23, 24. 25, 27). (23, 24) Central part of the valve with central node and simple central raphe endings (arrowhead). (25) Simple terminal raphe ending. (26) Valve apex with simple terminal raphe ending. (27) Partial view of the valve with simple central and apical raphe endings. (28) Girdle view of cell apex showing simple apical raphe ending (arrow) Scale bars: Fig. 27=2 μm; Figs 23, 25, 28=1 μm; Figs 24, 26=300 nm.

FIGURES 12–15. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 12–15. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2, SEM. Girdle view (Figs 12–14), valve view (Fig. 15). (12) Three cells attached with keels. (13) Cell twisted around the apical axis. (14) Girdle view of valve and cingulum with visible striation (costae bifurcation near the junction line indicated with an arrow). (15) Striation on the wing and valve body. Scale bars: Fig. 12=10 μm; Figs 13, 14, 15=2 μm.

FIGURES 1–11 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 1–11. Entomoneis tenera, LM. Live cells (Figs 1–8); cleaned material (Figs 9–11). Figs 9–11 taken from holotype permanent slide BRM ZU10/75. (1–4) Cells with various degree of torsion along the apical axis. (5, 6) Recently divided cells. Arrow in Fig. 6. shows the junction line. (8) Lanceolate valve. (9) Valve with sigmoid keel and scalpeliform apices. (10) Girdle view of the valve with straight to arcuate junction line (arrows in Figs 9, 10). (7, 11) Panduriform cell. Scale bars: Figs 8, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7=10 μm; Figs 3, 4, 9, 10, 11=5 μm.

FIGURES 16–22. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 16–22. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2, SEM and TEM. Girdle views (Figs 18–20), valve views (Figs 16, 17, 21, 22), RF-raphe fibulae, BF-basal fibulae (junction line). (16) Valve with scalpeliform apices and junction line (arrowhead). (17) Valve with valvocopulae and sigmoid raphe-bearing keel (costae bifurcations are indicated by arrow). (18) Cell with complete girdle and indicated junction lines (arrowheads). (19, 20) Fine structure of the wing and valve body. (21) Adjacent basal fibulae fused with transverse connections (arrows). (22) Basal fibulae separating wing from valve body. Scale bars=1 μm.