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Fig. 6 in Effect of Nutrient, Light Intensity and Temperature on the Growth Rates and Metabolism of a Stress-Resistant Bacillariophyta Species Entomoneis sp. - in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 6: Maxiumum growth rate determination of all temperatures, light intensities and nutrient concentrations.

Fig. 5 in Effect of Nutrient, Light Intensity and Temperature on the Growth Rates and Metabolism of a Stress-Resistant Bacillariophyta Species Entomoneis sp. - in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 5: Entomoneis sp biomass (Chl a, µg /L) under different N/P ratios and light intensities (a) representing growth under T1°C (b) T2°C (c) and T3°C.

Fig. 2 in Effect of Nutrient, Light Intensity and Temperature on the Growth Rates and Metabolism of a Stress-Resistant Bacillariophyta Species Entomoneis sp. - in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 2: 3D response surface plot and contour line of Box– Behnken Design showing the mutual effect of temperature and light intensity on chlorophyll a concentration (µg/L) of Entomoneis sp. using an N/P ratio of 11.

Fig. 3 in Effect of Nutrient, Light Intensity and Temperature on the Growth Rates and Metabolism of a Stress-Resistant Bacillariophyta Species Entomoneis sp. - in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 3: 3D response surface plot and contour line of Box– Behnken Design showing the mutual effect of temperature and light intensity on growth rate (day-1) of Entomoneis sp. using an N/P ratio of 4.4.

Fig. 4 in Effect of Nutrient, Light Intensity and Temperature on the Growth Rates and Metabolism of a Stress-Resistant Bacillariophyta Species Entomoneis sp. - in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 4: 3D response surface plot and contour line of Box– Behnken Design showing the mutual effect of temperature and light intensity on growth rate (day-1) of Entomoneis sp. using an N/P ratio of 27.

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Fig. 1 in Effect of Nutrient, Light Intensity and Temperature on the Growth Rates and Metabolism of a Stress-Resistant Bacillariophyta Species Entomoneis sp. - in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) Abstract

Fig. 1: Schematic diagram of methodology.

FIGURE 37. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from a in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURE 37. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from a concatenated dataset of two markers: rbcL and psbC. Branch support is summarized above branches as ML Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP)/bootstrap values (BS). Taxon labels are indicated as name (in italic) strain (in bold). Canal raphe bearing diatoms (Surirellales, Rhopalodiales and Bacilarialles) are indicated on the right side of phylogram. ML tree is based on GTR+G+I evolutionary model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates and 40M Bayesian generations. The tree is rooted with Eunotia glacialis (FD46) and Eunotia pectinalis (NIES461). BPP/BS values of 1.0/100 are indicated with asterisk (*) and values below 0.5/50 are indicated with dash (-).

FIGURE 36. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from a in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURE 36. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from a concatenated dataset of three markers: SSU, rbcL and psbC. Branch support is summarized above branches as ML Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP)/bootstrap values (BS). Taxon labels are indicated as name (in italic) strain (in bold). Canal raphe bearing diatoms (Surirellales, Rhopalodiales and Bacilarialles) are indicated on the right side of phylogram. ML tree is based on GTR+G+I evolutionary model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates and 60M Bayesian generations. The tree is rooted with Eunotia glacialis (FD46) and Eunotia pectinalis (NIES461). BPP/BS values of 1.0/100 are indicated with asterisk (*) and values below 0.5/50 are indicated with dash (-).

FIGURES 29–35. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 29–35. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2, SEM and TEM. VC-valvocopula; C-copula. Girdle views (Figs 29–35). (29) Frustule with the girdle. (30) Fine structure of the copulae. (31) Fine structure of valvocopulae with teardrop shaped areolae and interareolae thickenings (arrow). (32) Cingulum. (33) Valve with cingulum and decussate appearance of the costae on the valve between valvocopulae (arrowhead) and junction line. (34, 35) Fine structure of copulae. Scale bars: Figs 29, 30=2 μm: Figs 32, 33=1 μm; Figs 31, 34, 35=300 nm.

FIGURES 23–28 Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 23–28 Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2, SEM and TEM. Girdle views (Figs 26, 28), valve views (Figs 23, 24. 25, 27). (23, 24) Central part of the valve with central node and simple central raphe endings (arrowhead). (25) Simple terminal raphe ending. (26) Valve apex with simple terminal raphe ending. (27) Partial view of the valve with simple central and apical raphe endings. (28) Girdle view of cell apex showing simple apical raphe ending (arrow) Scale bars: Fig. 27=2 μm; Figs 23, 25, 28=1 μm; Figs 24, 26=300 nm.

FIGURES 12–15. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 12–15. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2, SEM. Girdle view (Figs 12–14), valve view (Fig. 15). (12) Three cells attached with keels. (13) Cell twisted around the apical axis. (14) Girdle view of valve and cingulum with visible striation (costae bifurcation near the junction line indicated with an arrow). (15) Striation on the wing and valve body. Scale bars: Fig. 12=10 μm; Figs 13, 14, 15=2 μm.

FIGURES 1–11 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 1–11. Entomoneis tenera, LM. Live cells (Figs 1–8); cleaned material (Figs 9–11). Figs 9–11 taken from holotype permanent slide BRM ZU10/75. (1–4) Cells with various degree of torsion along the apical axis. (5, 6) Recently divided cells. Arrow in Fig. 6. shows the junction line. (8) Lanceolate valve. (9) Valve with sigmoid keel and scalpeliform apices. (10) Girdle view of the valve with straight to arcuate junction line (arrows in Figs 9, 10). (7, 11) Panduriform cell. Scale bars: Figs 8, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7=10 μm; Figs 3, 4, 9, 10, 11=5 μm.

FIGURES 16–22. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 16–22. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2, SEM and TEM. Girdle views (Figs 18–20), valve views (Figs 16, 17, 21, 22), RF-raphe fibulae, BF-basal fibulae (junction line). (16) Valve with scalpeliform apices and junction line (arrowhead). (17) Valve with valvocopulae and sigmoid raphe-bearing keel (costae bifurcations are indicated by arrow). (18) Cell with complete girdle and indicated junction lines (arrowheads). (19, 20) Fine structure of the wing and valve body. (21) Adjacent basal fibulae fused with transverse connections (arrows). (22) Basal fibulae separating wing from valve body. Scale bars=1 μm.

Figure 9 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149

Figure 9 A–CEntomoneis qinghainensis sp. nov., frustule view, SEMA one complete frustule, note the undulate junction line (indicated by dotted line) and the hymen strip region B detail from Fig. A note the striae composed of many single areolae near the sternum and two costae merging into one (arrow) C detail from Fig. A note hymen strips (two arrows). Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 2 μm (B, C).

Figure 3 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149

Figure 3 A–FEntomoneis sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEMA one broken frustule, note the simple arcuate junction lines B–D details from Fig. A note the fused parts of two sides of the keel and the subraphe canal connecting the cell lumen only near the central (Figs B and C, arrow, respectively) and the distal raphe ending (Fig. D, arrow) E, F details from Fig. A note the short, bar-like basal fibulae (three arrows, respectively). Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 2 μm (B–F).

Figure 8 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149

Figure 8 A–CEntomoneis qinghainensis sp. nov., girdle view, LMA, B two whole frustules, note the distinctive hymen strip region (labelled in Fig. C) C epivalve with associated girdle bands, note the hymen strip region and junction line A micrograph of holotype specimen B micrograph of isotype specimen. Scale bar: 20 μm.

Figure 2 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149

Figure 2 A–FEntomoneis sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEMA, B two frustules, note sigmoid girdle bands C, D central parts from Fig. A and B respectively, note the 5:2 configuration of girdle bands, i.e. five girdle bands, B1(Valvocopula, VC) to B5, associated with epivalve (EV); two girdle bands, B1(Valvocopula, VC) and B2, associated with hypovalve (HV) E, F two apices from Fig. A. Scale bars: 10 μm (A, B); 2 μm (C–F).

Figure 13 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149

Figure 13 A–FEntomoneis paludosa, valve side view, SEMA–C three valves in side view, note the basal fibulae and the frustule cavity without sub-compartments (indicated by double-headed arrow) D–F details from Fig. A–C. Scale bars: 10 μm (A–C); 2 μm (D–F).

Figure 12 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149

Figure 12 A–EEntomoneis paludosa, girdle view, SEMA one whole frustule, note the worm-like hymen strip region and the junction line (indicated by the dotted line) B another frustule C–E details from Fig. B note the thickened mantle (Fig. C, arrow), worm-like hymen strip region (Fig. D, two arrows) and 4:2 configuration of the girdle bands (i.e. four girdle bands associated with epivalve (EV) and two associated with hypovalve (HV) (Fig. E). Scale bars: 10 μm (A, B); 2 μm (C–E).

Figure 5 from: Long J-Y, Williams DM, Liu B, Mo W-H, Quan S-J (2022) Ultrastructure of three Species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149

Figure 5 A–FEntomoneis sinensis sp. nov., valve external view, SEMA one whole valve showing the Ƨ-shaped keel outline B central part from Fig. A note hymen strips, costae, mantle, warts, forked costa (arrow) and one separated row of rounded areolae at each side of the raphe (wavy arrows) C, D two apices from Fig. A note the short costae (two arrows in Fig. C) and two costae merging into one (arrow in Fig. D) E, F details showing one separated row of rounded areolae terminating before the apex (six arrows, respectively). Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 2 μm (B–F).