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118 results for “Environmental selection”
Data From: Powerful detection of polygenic selection and environmental adaptation in US beef cattle
<p>GEMMA output containing summary statistics for generation proxy selection mapping (GPSM) and environmental GWAS (envGWAS) selection analyses from <br> Rowan et al. "Powerful detection of polygenic selection and environmental adaptation in US beef cattle" 2021<br> https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.988121 </p> <p>File names identify the analysis run, for example<br> "Gelbvieh_envgwas_desert_summary_stats.txt.gz"<br> Is the Gelbvieh dataset analyzed using the Desert ecoregion as the dependent variable <br> in a univariate envGWAS model. </p> <p>Files are formated according to GEMMA output.</p>
Data for: Environmental complexity mitigates the demographic impact of sexual selection
<p>Sexual selection and the evolution of costly mating strategies can negatively impact population demography and adaptive potential. While laboratory studies have documented outcomes stemming from these processes, theory suggests that the demographic impact of sexual selection is contingent on the environment and therefore may have been overestimated in simple laboratory settings. Here we find support for this claim. We exposed copies of beetle lines, previously evolved with or without sexual selection, to a 10-generation heatwave while maintaining half of them in a simple environment and the other half in a complex environment. Populations with an evolutionary history of sexual selection maintained larger sizes and more stable growth rates in complex (relative to simple) environments, an effect not seen in populations that evolved without sexual selection. These results have implications for evolutionary forecasting and suggest that the demographic impact of sexual selection in natural populations might be lower than predicted.</p>
Fig. 4 in First report of successful Naegleria detection from environmental resources of some selected areas of Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Fig. 4. (A) Primary sequence alignment was obtained with reference sequences already available in Gen Bank. Neighbour joining phylogenetic relationship between the partial sequences of 18S rRNA of Naegleria from isolates obtained in this study and reference sequences present in Gen Bank. (B). Neighbour joining phylogenetic relationship between the partial sequences of 18S rRNA of Naegleria from isolates obtained in this study and reference sequences present in Gen Bank. The tree was generated in CLC Main Workbench version 6.6.2 using 1000 bootstrap replications. Branch length is proportional to the calculated genetic distance (scale shown).
Fig. 3 in First report of successful Naegleria detection from environmental resources of some selected areas of Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Fig. 3. To confirm the incidence of Naegleria populations in water and soil samples, DNA were extracted from amoebae retrieved from NNA plates with 2 weeks time and utilized for PCR examination as demonstrated in methods section. PCR products were obtained in all DNA samples verifying the existence of Naegleria. Lane 1: 250 bp DNA ladder; Lane 2: RAW STW4; Lane 3: RAW LW1; Lane 4: RAW PW8; Lane 5: RAW DS1; Lane 6: RAW STW7; Lane 7: RAW TW3; Lane 8: RAW DS2; Lane 9: RAW DS3; Lane 10: RAW DS4; Lane 11: RAW DS5; Lane 12: RAW DS6; Lane 13: RAW DS7; Lane 14: RAW DS8; Lane 15: RAW DS9; Lane 16: RAW DS10; Lane 17: +ve control; Lane 18: -ve control.
Fig. 2 in First report of successful Naegleria detection from environmental resources of some selected areas of Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Fig. 2. Naegleria cysts detection on NNA under inverted microscope (×400). Water and soil samples were filtered and pored respectively and inoculated on NNA plate seeded with E. coli as demonstrated in methods section. Plates were monitored for amoebic outgrowth up to two weeks, and images were taken. Only representative samples of water (a) RAW STW7 and soil (b) RAW DS7 are shown here.
Data used in the paper: Historical and current environmental selection on functional traits of trees in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot
<p>This repository contains phylogenetic and functional trait data, raster files, and tables with sampling information and references used in the article "Historical and current environmental selection on functional traits of trees in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot" by Silva, J.L.A., Souza, A., and Vitória, A.P. Journal of Vegetation Science, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13049">https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13049</a> .</p> <p>Description of files:</p> <p>(1) "Species-level_Trait_Data_Silva_et_al._2021.csv": This file contains species-specific mean trait values and the plant growth form of the 2,122 studied species, whenever available. Trait values were compiled from public sources such as original papers, master and doctoral dissertations, and global trait databases.</p> <p>(2) "Phylogenetic_Tree_Silva_et_al._2021.txt": This file contains the phylogenetic tree of the 2,122 studied species.</p> <p>(3) "CWM_Trait_Maps.zip": This file contains seven rasters of spatially contiguous surfaces produced by Ordinary Kriging Interpolation using Community-Weighted Means (CWM) of each functional trait.</p> <p>(4) "References-abundance-data.csv": This file contains sampling details and the references used to compile species abundance data for each studied site.</p> <p>(5) "References-trait-data.csv": This file contains sampling details and the references used to compile functional trait data.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Environmental conditions during development affect sexual selection through trait-fitness relationships
<p>Sexual selection can be shaped by spatial variation in environmental features among populations. Differences in sexual selection among populations generated through the effects of the environment could be shaped via four paths: differences in mean absolute fitness, differences in the means or variances of phenotypes, or differences in the absolute fitness-trait function relationship. Because sexual selection only occurs during the adult life stage, most studies have focused on identifying environmental features that influence these metrics of fitness and trait distributions among adults. However, these adult features could also be affected by environmental factors experienced in early life stages that then shape the trajectory for sexual selection during the adult life stage. Here we investigated how among-population variation in environmental conditions during the juvenile (larval) stage of two species of <i>Enallagma</i> damselflies shapes sexual selection on male body size. We found that environmental factors related to predation pressures, lake primary productivity, and habitat availability have a role in shaping spatial variation in sexual selection. This acts mainly through how the environment affects absolute fitness-body size associations, not spatial variation in mean fitness or body size means and variances. These results demonstrate that the underpinnings of sexual selection in the wild can arise from environmental conditions during pre-reproductive life stages.</p>
Data for: Interactions between environmental factors drive selection on cyanogenesis in Trifolium repens
<p>Phenotypic and genetic clines frequently evolve due to varying selection along environmental gradients. However, the specific environmental factors that impose differential selection are often multivariate and difficult to tease apart. We addressed this complexity using a factorial manipulation of watering, soil nutrients, and (simulated) herbivory in controlled conditions to better understand the agents of selection driving the evolution of clines in a polymorphic chemical antiherbivore defence, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), of the plant white clover (Trifolium repens L.). We found the presence or absence of the two metabolic components required for HCN production (cyanogenic glucosides and linamarase) to be more prominent determinants of vegetative growth and sexual reproduction in T. repens than HCN itself. We also found that the ability to produce one or both of cyanogenic glucosides or linamarase resulted in a growth advantage under drought and simulated herbivory that outweighs the metabolic cost of their production. These results support the view that the metabolic components underlying HCN play important roles beyond defence by increasing plant tolerance to stress. The growth advantage under drought, however, was diminished in the absence of nutrient addition, consistent with multivariate interactions as drivers of selection. This study provides novel insight into how a cosmopolitan plant has adapted to environmental gradients, and more generally, highlights the importance of considering interactions between multiple environmental factors when studying the evolution of phenotypic and genetic clines.</p>
Data from: Inferring ecological selection from multidimensional community trait distributions along environmental gradients
<p>Understanding the drivers of community assembly is critical for predicting the future of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Ecological selection ubiquitously shapes communities by selecting for individuals with most suitable trait combinations. Detecting selection types on key traits across environmental gradients and over time has the potential to reveal underlying abiotic and biotic drivers of community dynamics. Here we present a model-based predictive framework to quantify multidimensional trait distributions of communities (community trait niches), which we use to identify ecological selection types shaping communities along environmental gradients. We apply the framework to over 3600 boreal forest understory plant communities with results indicating that directional, stabilizing, and divergent selection all modify community trait niches and that the selection type acting on individual traits may change over time. Our results provide novel and rare empirical evidence for divergent selection within a natural system. Our approach provides a framework for identifying key traits under selection and facilitates the detection of processes underlying community dynamics.</p>
Data from: Inferring ecological selection from multidimensional community trait distributions along environmental gradients
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Data from: Environmental conditions during development affect sexual selection through trait-fitness relationships
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Data for: Environmental complexity mitigates the demographic impact of sexual selection
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Data for: Interactions between environmental factors drive selection on cyanogenesis in Trifolium repens
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Spatial environmental complexity mediates sexual conflict and sexual selection in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Sexual selection is an important agent of evolutionary change, but the strength and direction of selection often vary over space and time. One potential source of heterogeneity may lie in the opportunity for male–male and/or male–female interactions imposed by the spatial environment. It has been suggested that increased spatial complexity permits sexual selection to act in a complementary fashion with natural selection (hastening the loss of deleterious alleles and/or promoting the spread of beneficial alleles) via two (not mutually exclusive) pathways. In the first scenario, sexual selection potentially acts more strongly on males in complex environments, allowing males of greater genetic "quality" a greater chance of outcompeting rivals, with benefits manifested indirectly in offspring. In the second scenario, increased spatial complexity reduces opportunities for males to antagonistically harm females, allowing females (especially those of greater potential fecundities) to achieve greater reproductive success (direct fitness benefits). Here, using <i>Drosophila melanogaster </i>, we explore the importance of these mechanisms by measuring direct and indirect fitness of females housed in simple vial environments or in vials in which spatial complexity has been increased. We find strong evidence in favor of the female conflict‐mediated pathway as individuals in complex environments remated less frequently and produced more offspring than those housed in a simpler spatial environment, but no difference in the fitness of sons or daughters. We discuss these results in the context of other recent studies and what they mean for our understanding of how sexual selection operates.</p>
Data from: Spatial and environmental influences on selection in a clock gene coding trinucleotide repeat in Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis)
Clock genes exhibit substantial control over gene expression and ultimately life-histories using external cues such as photoperiod, and are thus likely to be critical for adaptation to shifting seasonal conditions and novel environments as species redistribute their ranges under climate change. Coding trinucleotide repeats (cTNRs) are found within several clock genes, and may be interesting targets of selection due to their containment within exonic regions and elevated mutation rates. Here, we conduct inter-specific characterization of the NR1D1 cTNR between Canada lynx and bobcat, and intra-specific spatial and environmental association analyses of neutral microsatellites and our functional cTNR marker, to investigate the role of selection on this locus in Canada lynx. We report signatures of divergent selection between lynx and bobcat, with the potential for hybrid-mediated gene flow in the area of range overlap. We also provide evidence that this locus is under selection across Canada lynx in eastern Canada, with both spatial and environmental variables significantly contributing to the explained variation, after controlling for neutral population structure. These results suggest that cTNRs may play an important role in the generation of functional diversity within some mammal species, and allow for contemporary rates of adaptation in wild populations in response to environmental change. We encourage continued investment into the study of cTNR markers to better understand their broader relevance to the evolution and adaptation of mammals.
Impacts of environmental heterogeneity on natural selection in a wild bird population
<p>Natural selection has been studied for several decades, resulting in the computation of thousands of selection estimates. Although the importance of environmental conditions on selection has often been suggested, published estimates rarely take into account the effects of environmental heterogeneity on selection patterns. Here, we estimated linear and non‐linear viability selection gradients on morphological traits of 12 days‐old nestlings in a wild population of tree swallows (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>) across a large‐scale heterogeneous study system in southern Québec, Canada. We assessed the environmental drivers of nestling survival and evaluated their effects on strength and direction of selection gradients. Separate analyses of environmental variables showed that high temperatures and heavy rainfall caused stronger positive linear selection on morphological traits. Weaker linear selection was also measured in more extensively cultivated areas. Both strength and shape of non‐linear quadratic and correlational components of selection were modified by environmental variables. Considering all environmental variables revealed that precipitation since hatching affected patterns of linear selection on traits, while temperatures since hatching shaped nonlinear selection patterns. Our study underlines the importance of quantifying linear and non‐linear natural selection under various environmental conditions and how the evolutionary response of traits may be affected by ongoing human‐induced environmental changes.</p>
Fig. 1 in First report of successful Naegleria detection from environmental resources of some selected areas of Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Fig. 1. Sampling sites in the targeted area of Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Data from: Environmentally independent selection for hybrids between divergent freshwater stickleback lineages in semi-natural ponds
<p>Hybridization following secondary contact of genetically divergent populations can influence the range expansion of invasive species, though specific outcomes depend on the environmental dependence of hybrid fitness. Here, using two genetically and ecologically divergent threespine stickleback lineages that differ in their history of freshwater colonization, we estimate fitness variation of parental lineages and hybrids in semi-natural freshwater ponds with contrasting histories of nutrient loading. In our experiment, we found that fish from the older freshwater lineage (Lake Geneva) and hybrids outperformed fish from the younger freshwater lineage (Lake Constance) in terms of both growth and survival, regardless of the environmental context of our ponds. Across all ponds, hybrids exhibited the highest survival. Although wild- caught adult populations differed in their functional and defence morphology, it is unclear which of these traits underlie the fitness differences observed among juveniles in our experiment. Overall, our work suggests that when hybrid fitness is insensitive to environmental conditions, as observed here, introgression may promote population-expansion into unoccupied habitats and accelerate invasion success.</p>
Processed data for Evidence of horizontal gene transfer and environmental selection impacting antibiotic resistance evolution in soil-dwelling Listeria
<p>Processed/source data for the manuscript Evidence of horizontal gene transfer and environmental selection impacting antibiotic resistance evolution in soil-dwelling <em>Listeria</em>.</p>
Data for Bradter, Altringham, Kunin, Thom, O'Connell & Benton: Variable ranking and selection with random forest for unbalanced data. Environmental Data Science
<p>The data are used in 'Bradter, Altringham, Kunin, Thom, O'Connell & Benton: Variable ranking and selection with random forest for unbalanced data. Environmental Data Science' and are described in the ReadMe file and in the manuscript and Supporting information.</p>
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OpenNeuro
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