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53 results for “Environmental sensitivity”
Inhibitory Kcnip2 neurons of the spinal dorsal horn control behavioral sensitivity to environmental cold
<p>Excel file containing datasets for all Figures published in the article "Inhibitory Kcnip2 neurons of the spinal dorsal horn control behavioral sensitivity to environmental cold" by Albisetti et al.</p>
Figure 8 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 8. Biomass of upright and rosette Conyza canadensis plants of the MSU-18 population in response to applications of glyphosate.
Figure 6 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 6. Biomass of upright and rosette Conyza canadensis plants of a susceptible population (S-117) in response to applications of glyphosate.
Figure 5 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 5. Biomass of rosette Conyza canadensis plants of a susceptible population (S-117) and two resistant populations (ISB-18 and MSU-18) in response to applications of glyphosate.
Figure 4 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 4. Biomass of upright Conyza canadensis plants of a susceptible population (S-117) and two resistant populations (ISB-18 and MSU-18) in response to applications of glyphosate.
Figure 3 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 3. Upright-type Conyza canadensis seedling identified in the growth type experiment as growing upright, light green in color.
Figure 2 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 2. Rosette-type Conyza canadensis seedling identified in the growth type experiment as forming a rosette, dark green in color.
Figure 1 in Environmental cues affecting horseweed (ConyzO cOnOdensis) growth types and their sensitivity to glyphosate
Figure 1. Upright- (left) and rosette- (right) type Conyza canadensis plants emerging simultaneously in a field in midsummer.
Early-life food stress hits females harder than males in insects: a meta-analysis of sex differences in environmental sensitivity
<p><span>Fitness consequences of early-life environmental conditions are often sex-specific, but corresponding evidence for invertebrates remains inconclusive. Here we use meta-analysis to evaluate sex-specific sensitivity to early-life nutritional conditions in insects. Using literature-derived data for 85 species with broad phylogenetic and ecological coverage, we show that </span><span>females are generally more sensitive to food stress than males. Stressful nutritional conditions during development typically lead to female-biased mortality and thus increasingly male-biased sex ratios of emerging adults. We further demonstrate that the general trend of higher sensitivity to food stress in females can primarily be attributed to their typically larger body size in insects and hence higher energy needs during development. By contrast, there is no consistent evidence of sex-biased sensitivity in sexually size-monomorphic species. Drawing conclusions regarding sex-biased sensitivity in species with male-biased size dimorphism remains to wait for the accumulation of relevant data. Our results suggest that environmental conditions leading to elevated juvenile mortality may potentially affect the performance of insect populations further by reducing the proportion of females among individuals reaching reproductive age. Accounting for sex-biased mortality is therefore essential to understanding the dynamics and demography of insect populations, not least importantly in the context of ongoing insect declines.</span></p>
The existence and strength of higher order interactions is sensitive to environmental context
<p><span>One strategy for understanding the dynamics of any complex system, such as a community of competing species, is to study the dynamics of parts of the system in isolation. Ecological communities can be decomposed into single species, and pairs of interacting species. This reductionist strategy assumes that whole-community dynamics are predictable and explainable from knowledge of the dynamics of single species and pairs of species. This assumption will be violated if higher order interactions (HOIs) are strong. Theory predicts that HOIs should be common. But it is difficult to detect HOIs, and to infer their long-term consequences for species coexistence, solely from short-term data. I conducted a protist microcosm experiment to test for HOIs among competing bacterivorous ciliates and test the sensitivity of HOIs to environmental context. I grew three competing ciliate species in all possible combinations at each of two resource enrichment levels, and use the population dynamic data from the one- and two-species treatments to parameterize a competition model at each enrichment level. I then compared the predictions of the parameterized model to the dynamics of the whole community (three-species treatment). I found that the existence, and thus strength, of HOIs was environment-dependent. I found a strong HOI at low enrichment, which enabled the persistence of a species that would otherwise have been competitively excluded. At high enrichment, three-species dynamics could be predicted from a parameterized model of one- and two-species dynamics, provided that the model accounted for nonlinear intraspecific density dependence. The results provide one of the first rigorous demonstrations of the long-term consequences of HOIs for species coexistence and demonstrate the context-dependence of HOIs. HOIs create difficult challenges for predicting and explaining species coexistence in nature.</span></p>
Early-life food stress hits females harder than males in insects: a meta-analysis of sex differences in environmental sensitivity
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The existence and strength of higher order interactions is sensitive to environmental context
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Data from: Monarch butterflies use an environmentally sensitive, internal timer to control overwintering dynamics
The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) complements its iconic migration with diapause, a hormonally controlled developmental program that contributes to winter survival at overwintering sites. Although timing is a critical adaptive feature of diapause, how environmental cues are integrated with genetically-determined physiological mechanisms to time diapause development, particularly termination, is not well understood. In a design that subjected western North American monarchs to different environmental chamber conditions over time, we modularized constituent components of an environmentally-controlled, internal diapause termination timer. Using comparative transcriptomics, we identified molecular controllers of these specific diapause termination components. Calcium signaling mediated environmental sensitivity of the diapause timer, and we speculate that it is a key integrator of environmental condition (cold temperature) with downstream hormonal control of diapause. Juvenile hormone (JH) signaling changed spontaneously in diapause-inducing conditions, capacitating response to future environmental condition. Although JH is a major target of the internal timer, it is not itself the timer. Epigenetic mechanisms are implicated to be the proximate timing mechanism. Ecdysteroid, JH, and insulin/insulin-like peptide (IIS) signaling are major targets of the diapause program used to control response to permissive environmental conditions. Understanding the environmental and physiological mechanisms of diapause termination sheds light on fundamental properties of biological timing, and also helps inform expectations for how monarch populations may respond to future climate change.
Strong species differences in life-history do not predict oxidative stress physiology or sensitivity to an environmental oxidant
1. Species typically align along a fast-slow life-history continuum, yet it is not clear to what extent oxidative stress physiology can be integrated with this continuum to form a 'pace-of-life syndrome', especially so in invertebrates. This is important, given the assumed role of oxidative stress in mediating life-history trade-offs, and the prediction that species with a faster pace should be more vulnerable to oxidative stress. 2. We tested whether a species' life-history pace, here represented by its growth rate, can predict species-level differentiation in physiology and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Therefore, we exposed four species of Ischnura damselflies that strongly align along a fast-slow life-history continuum to different levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. We measured an extended set of physiological traits linked to the pace-of-life: standard metabolic rate (SMR), oxidative stress physiology (antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage), and defence/condition traits (investment in immune function, energy storage, and structural defence). 3. Despite strong species differences in growth rate and physiology, growth rate did not predict species-level differentiation in physiology. Hence there was no support for the integration of metabolic rate, oxidative stress physiology or defence/condition traits into a species-level syndrome. 4. UV exposure affected nearly all traits: it reduced growth rate and increased metabolic rate, affected all oxidative stress physiology traits and increased the two defence traits (immune function, and melanin content). Nevertheless, the pace-of-life based on growth rate did not predict sensitivity to UV. Instead, the observed pattern of investment in structural UV defence (melanin) might have reduced the need for enzymatic antioxidant defence, this way potentially decoupling the covariation between the life-history pace and oxidative stress physiology. 5. The absence of an integrated axis of life-history and physiological variation indicates no major constraints for the evolution of these traits among the studied damselfly species. Our study highlights that ecological differences between species may decouple covariation between species' life-history pace and their physiology, as well as their sensitivity to environmental stressors. 30-Mar-2020
Supplementary material data for: Unstable environmental conditions constrain the fine-tune between opsin sensitivity and underwater light in an Amazon forest stream fish
<p>Visual adaptations can stem from variations in amino acid composition, chromophore utilization, and differential opsin gene expression levels, enabling individuals to adjust their light sensitivity to environmental lighting conditions. In stable environments, adaptations often involve amino acid substitutions, whereas in unstable conditions, differential gene expression may be a more relevant mechanism. Amazon forest streams present diverse underwater lighting conditions and experience short-term water colour fluctuations. In these environments, it is less likely for genetic and amino acid sequences to undergo modifications that tailor opsin proteins to the prevailing lighting conditions, particularly in species having several copies of the same gene. The sailfin tetra, <em>Crenuchus spilurus</em>, inhabits black and clear water Amazon forest streams. The long wavelength sensitivity (LWS) is an important component for foraging and courtship. Here, we investigated LWS opsin genes in the <em>sailfin tetra</em>. Three copies of LWS1 and two copies of LWS2 genes were found. The maximum absorbance wavelength (λmax) estimated from the amino acid sequences of LWS1 genes exhibited variation among the different copies. In contrast, the copies of LWS2 genes showed identical expected λmax values. Although the amino acid positions affecting λmax varied among LWS genes, they remained consistent among populations living in different water colours. The relative expression levels of LWS genes differed between gene copies. While not formally tested, our results suggest that in fluctuating environments, visual adaptations may primarily stem from alterations in gene expression profiles and/or chromophore usage rather than precise genetic tuning of protein light sensitivity to environmental lighting conditions.</p>
Laser-equipped gas reaction chamber for probing environmentally sensitive materials at near atomic scale
<p>Five atom probe datasets as featured in the PLOSone journal concerning the methodology of laser-assisted thermochemical gas treatments of atom probe needles, two comparing the deuterium charged and uncharged states of a steel and comparing various early states of direct hydrogen reduction of FeO.</p>
Pivotal role of O-antigenic polysaccharide display in the sensitivity against phage tail-like particles in environmental Pseudomonas kin competition
<p>Environmental pseudomonads<i> </i>colonize various niches including insect and plant environments. When invading these environments, bacteria are confronted with the resident microbiota. To cope with closely related strains they deploy narrow-spectrum weaponry such as tailocins, <i>i.e</i> phage tail-like particles. Little is known about the receptors for these tailocins especially among phylogenetically closely related species. Here, we studied the interaction between an R-tailocin from <i>Pseudomonas protegens </i>CHA0 and a targeted kin, <i>Pseudomonas protegens </i>Pf-5. Using genome-wide transposon insertion sequencing, we identified that lipopolysaccharides are involved in the sensitivity of Pf-5 towards the tailocin of CHA0. By generating Pf-5 lipopolysaccharide mutants and exposing them to extracted tailocin, we specified the two O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) targeted by the tailocin. We affirmed the role of these O-PS through competition assays<i> in vitro </i>as well as in insects. Further, we demonstrate that O-PS are double-edge swords that are responsible for the sensitivity of <i>P. protegens</i> towards phage tail-like particles produced by their kin, but shield bacteria from the immune system of the insect. Our results shed light on the trade-off that bacteria are confronted with, where specific O-PS decorations can both be of benefit or disadvantage depending on the host environment and its bacterial inhabitants.</p>
The influence of permafrost and other environmental controls on stream thermal sensitivity across Yukon, Canada -- data set
<p>Data set used to conduct the research presented in the manuscript entitled "<span>The influence of permafrost and other environmental controls on stream thermal sensitivity across Yukon, Canada</span>", submitted to the journal Hydrology and Earth System Science.</p>
Magnitude-duration relationships of physiological sensitivity and environmental exposure improve climate change vulnerability assessments
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Integrating thermal physiology with environmental temperature is essential to understanding distributions of species and vulnerability to climate change. Warming tolerance—the difference between an organism's maximum thermal tolerance (T<sub>max</sub>) and maximum habitat temperature (T<sub>hab</sub>)—is frequently used to integrate organismal sensitivity and environmental exposure. Traditionally, applications of warming tolerance define T<sub>max</sub> and T<sub>hab</sub> as invariable magnitudes, yet tolerance magnitude depends on exposure duration and diel temperature cycles expose organisms to a range of temperature magnitudes and durations. How traditional (<em>i.e.</em>, acute) estimates of warming tolerance compare to estimates from prolonged exposures remains poorly understood. In this study, magnitude-duration curves for tolerances of one cold-water, two cool-water, and one warm-water species of freshwater fish were compiled from the literature and compared to magnitude-duration exposures from 66 streams across the eastern United States. Warming tolerances were estimated for exposure durations spanning 0.01 to 24 hours. Current acute (0.01 hours) warming tolerances ranged from median 6.30°C for the cold-water species to 9.68°C for the warm-water species. The lowest warming tolerances corresponded to prolonged exposures lasting median 3.85 to 5.30 hours among species and were 2.51 to 4.38°C lower than acute estimates. Although acute estimates remained positive in historically occupied and unoccupied streams (6.30°C versus 2.33°C), estimates based on prolonged exposure were positive at occupied streams of the cold-water species but transitioned to negative in unoccupied streams (2.19°C versus -1.12°C). Acute warming tolerances for the cold-water species also remained positive under future climate (6.29 to 4.23°C) but approached zero at prolonged durations (2.19 to 0.09°C) and transitioned to negative for 47.2% of streams. Results demonstrate that acute measures of T<sub>max</sub> and T<sub>hab</sub> overestimate warming tolerances and therefore underestimate climate change vulnerability. Integrating magnitude-duration relationships into warming tolerance estimates can elucidate physiological mechanisms underlying species distributions and can improve accuracy of climate change vulnerability assessments.</span></p>
Pivotal role of O-antigenic polysaccharide display in the sensitivity against phage tail-like particles in environmental Pseudomonas kin competition
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.