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10 results for “Eogaleus”
Fig. 7 in New specimen of the rare requiem shark Eogaleus bolcensis from the Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy
Fig. 7. Dermal denticles at different scales of head and trunk regions (in dorsal view) of Eogaleus bolcensis Cappetta, 1975, Monte Postale, Bolca, Italy; middle–late Cuisian. A. MSNPV 24625, details of a skin patch preserved in the head region (A1), SEM imaging of a Morphotype A denticle (A2); the scale is thick and well ridged, an upward-pointing spine occurs in dorsal view, thickened by the distal convergence of ridges. B. MSNPV 24626, patches of dermal denticles of arranged ventrally to vertebral column, along the distal area of the trunk (B1), SEM imaging of a denticle in dorsal view from the trunk region, where dermal denticles are teardrop-shaped (Morphotype B) (B2); the ridges end apically, without forming peaks, medial-distal upward spines are absent. Abbreviations: p, peak; r, ridge; ri, ridge interspace; s, spine.
Fig. 6 in New specimen of the rare requiem shark Eogaleus bolcensis from the Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy
Fig. 6. The apical area (A) and distal region (B) of the trunk of Eogaleus bolcensis Cappetta, 1975, MSNPV 24625, Monte Postale, Bolca, Italy, middle– late Cuisian, in lateral view. Photographs under UV light (A1, B1) and interpretative drawings (A2, B2). The basal cartilage extends ventrally and parallel to vertebral column among the 16th–22nd centra. In B1 the clusters of fin radials ventrally extend among the 88th–98th and the 115th–125th centra. The arrows in A1 and B1 point out the preserved fin radials. Green patches mark areas covered by mortar glue. Numerals refer to the vertebral counts.
Fig. 9. A in New specimen of the rare requiem shark Eogaleus bolcensis from the Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy
Fig. 9. A. Size comparison between Galeorhinus cuvieri and Eogaleus bolcensis specimens. The total length of MSNPV 24625-24626, MCSNV T.311, and MNHN F.Bol.516 refers to estimated values discussed herein. MSNPV 24625-24626 is the largest of the series. B. Examples of total length-age fits performed with growth parameters of Galeorhinus galeus populations from New Zealand (B1, female growth parameters; Francis and Mulligan 1998) and Australian (B2, combined growth parameters; Moulton et al. 1992) by using VBGF (Bertalanffy 1938; see Table 2 for estimated age values). Both curves discriminate fossil individuals in three main ontogenetic classes: G. cuvieri specimens cluster close to each other on the bottom of the logarithmic trend line. Thus, G. cuvieri specimens were young individuals. On the contrary, E. bolcensis specimens arranged more spaced to each other toward the top of the trend line. Accordingly, E. bolcensis specimens were young or adult individuals, where MSNPV 24625-24626 is the largest of the series.
Fig. 4 in New specimen of the rare requiem shark Eogaleus bolcensis from the Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy
Fig. 4. The head region of Eogaleus bolcensis Cappetta, 1975, MSNPV 24625, Monte Postale, Bolca, Italy; middle–late Cuisian, in dorsal view with preserved teeth in labial view. Close-up photos of left (A) and right (B) lateral areas of the preserved head region. Photographs under natural light (A1, B1), explanatory drawings (A2, B2), preserved teeth (orange), and tooth molds (violet). Numbers refer to teeth count on MSNPV 24625, for measurements see SOM 2. Abbreviations: mc, Meckel's cartilage; mg, mortar glue.
Fig. 5 in New specimen of the rare requiem shark Eogaleus bolcensis from the Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy
Fig. 5. Antero-posterior length of vertebral centra of Eogaleus bolcensis, MSNPV 24625. The size of centra increases rapidly the 33th–39th (16 mm). Caudal to the 39th vertebral centrum, the centrum size decreases slowly in 3 steps: (i) the 40th–67th (average: 10.6 mm reaching a peak of 14 mm at the 49th centrum); (ii) the 68th–98th (average: 7.6 mm); (iii) the 99th–132nd (average: 6.0 mm). Vertebrae are numbered from anterior (1) to posterior (132). Measurements and counts are provided in SOM 3.
Fig. 1. A in New specimen of the rare requiem shark Eogaleus bolcensis from the Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy
Fig. 1. A. Terminology of longitudinal measurements following Cappetta (1975). Measurements 17–23 have been added in this paper, expanding the original model. 1, total length (TL); 2, head length; 3, trunk length; 4, caudal fin length; 5, head-first dorsal fin length; 6, head-second dorsal fin length; 7, head-pelvic fin length; 8, head-anal fin length; 9, head-caudal fin length; 10, basal lobe length; 11, apical lobe length; 12a-b-c, first dorsal base-anterior edge-height; 13a-b-c, second dorsal base-anterior edgeheight; 14a-b-c, pectoral fin base-anterior edge-height; 15a-b-c, pelvic fin base-anterior edge-height; 16a-b-c, anal fin base-anterior edge-height; 17, first-second dorsal fins length; 18, second dorsal-caudal fin length; 19, pectoral-pelvic fins length; 20, pelvic-anal fins length; 21, anal-caudal fins length; 22, apical lobe-caudal tip length; 23, basal-apical lobes length. B. Terminology of dental characters according to Adnet and Cappetta (2008) and Ebert and Stehemann (2013). MGGC 1976 in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. Measurements taken for each tooth: ch, crown height; de, distal edge; mcl, main cusp length; mcw, main cusp width; me, mesial edge; me+mcl, mesial edge + main cusp length; rh, root height; rl, root length; th, total height.
Fig. 2. Eogaleus bolcensis Cappetta, 1975, MSNPV 24625 in New specimen of the rare requiem shark Eogaleus bolcensis from the Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy
Fig. 2. Eogaleus bolcensis Cappetta, 1975, MSNPV 24625, Monte Postale, Bolca, Italy; middle–late Cuisian. The head region is exposed in dorsal view, while the trunk area is exposed in lateral view. Photograph (A1), explanatory drawing (A2). Dermal denticles are widespread arranged in patches along the body (orange). The yellow patches mark the different typologies of mortar glues employed for the assemblage of the slab. The green dashed lines separate the matrix of the specimens from the rocky blocks used for the preparation of the slabs. The star indicates the anatomical area (i.e., a fragment from identified nasal capsule) where dermal denticle samples were collected. Numerals refer to the arrangement of vertebral elements in life position. Black patches mark casts of vertebral centra.
Fig. 3 in New specimen of the rare requiem shark Eogaleus bolcensis from the Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy
Fig. 3. Dorsal view of the head region of Eogaleus bolcensis Cappetta, 1975, MSNPV 24625, Monte Postale, Bolca, Italy; middle–late Cuisian. Photograph under UV light (A1), the hard tissues well differentiate from matrix bulk and pigmented mortar glues: photograph under natural light with explanatory drawing (A2). Numerals refer to the arrangement of vertebral elements in life position. Abbreviations: b, benthic organisms; ba, branchial arch; mc, Meckel's cartilage; mg, mortar glue; nc, nasal capsule; pq, palatequadrate; t, teeth; vc, vertebral centra.
Fig. 8 in New specimen of the rare requiem shark Eogaleus bolcensis from the Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy
Fig. 8. Trends in antero-posterior length of vertebra of Galeorhinus cuvieri and Eogaleus bolcensis. Each area is given by the minimum and the maximum antero-posterior length of a single centrum from the same anatomical position of different individuals. All specimens show a slowly increase in size on the anterior area of the trunk. The largest size of centra occurs around the 40th centrum, close to the first dorsal. The length of centra decreases in several steps towards the caudal fin. Centra are numbered according to their anterior-posterior longitudinal arrangements. Measurements and counts are provided in SOM 3.
Fig. 10 in New specimen of the rare requiem shark Eogaleus bolcensis from the Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy
Fig. 10. Correlation between length of trunk (calculated as the sum of anteroposterior vertebral centra) (A), length of the head vertebral centra (B), and centra length averages of Bolca specimens. All the individuals arrange along a robust linear distribution in each diagram (R2 = 0.97), showing three distinct ontogenetic clusters. Length averages of centra are listed in Table 3.
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