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Figs 5-9 in A new Epipsocus (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from the Brazilian Amazonia, with supernumerary forewing venation

Figs 5-9. Epipsocus manausensis sp. nov., ♀: 5, forewing; 6, hindwing; 7, Forewing venation of another female specimen; 8, subgenital plate; 9, posterior border of clunium, epiproct, right paraproct, gonapophyses and ninth sternum. Scales in mm. Figs 5, 6 to common scale.

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Figs 1-4 in A new Epipsocus (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from the Brazilian Amazonia, with supernumerary forewing venation

Figs 1-4. Epipsocus manausensis sp. nov., ♂, male: 1, forewing; 2, hindwing; 3, hypandrium and phallosome; 4, posterior border of clunium, left paraproct and epiproct. Scales in mm. Figs 1, 2 to common scale.

Figs 25–30 in Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: new species and an identification key

Figs 25–30. Neurostigma valderramae sp. nov., male. 25 – forewing; 26 – hindwing; 27 – head, frontal view; 28 – left paraproct and epiproct; 29 – hypandrium; 30 – phallosome. Values for scale bars in mm.

Figs 7–12 in Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: new species and an identification key

Figs 7–12. Neurostigma mockfordi sp. nov., male. 7 – forewing; 8 – hindwing; 9 – head, frontal view; 10 – left paraproct and epiproct; 11 – hypandrium; 12 – phallosome. Values for scale bars in mm.

Figs 19–24 in Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: new species and an identification key

Figs 19–24. Neurostigma thorntoni sp. nov., male. 19 – forewing; 20 – hindwing; 21 – head, frontal view; 22 – epiproct and right paraproct; 23 – hypandrium; 24 – phallosome. Values for scale bars in mm.

Figs 13–18 in Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: new species and an identification key

Figs 13–18. Neurostigma newi sp. nov., male. 13 – forewing; 14 – hindwing; 15 – head, frontal view; 16 – left paraproct and epiproct; 17 – hypandrium; 18 – phallosome. Values for scale bars in mm.

Figs 31–38 in Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: new species and an identification key

Figs 31–38. Forewings and phallosomes of Neurostigma spp. 31, 38 – N. xanthopterum New, 1980; 32 – N. enderleini New, 1980; 33, 37 – N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (redrawn from Nൾඐ 1980: figs 52, 53); 34, 36 – N. garcialdretei Mendivil et al., 2020; 35 – N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (redrawn from Mඈർĸൿඈඋൽ 1991: fig. 134).

Fig. 51 in Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: new species and an identification key

Fig. 51. Strict consensus cladogram for Neurostigma species (L = 54; CI = 0.70; RI = 0.72). Cladiopsocus eertmoedi González Obando et al., 2016, Loneura gorgonaensis García Aldrete et al., 2011 and Ptiloneura columnaris García Aldrete et al., 2020 were used as outgroups. Full circles (black) indicate unique (unambiguous) character state changes; empty circles indicate homoplasies (parallelisms or reversals). Character numbers are indicated above and character states below each circle. Bootstrap and symmetric resampling support values for nodes are given above and below the branches,

Figs 40–50 in Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: new species and an identification key

Figs 40–50. Structural characters of Cladiopsocus (taken with permission from Gඈඇඓගඅൾඓ Oൻൺඇൽඈ et al. 2016: figs 15, 18, 19, 21), Neurostigma (taken with permission from Mൾඇൽංඏංඅ-Nංൾඍඈ et al. 2020: figs 7–9) and Ptiloneura (taken with permission from Gൺඋർංൺ Aඅൽඋൾඍൾ et al. 2020: figs 2, 6). 40 – Neurostigma mockfordi sp. nov., vertex; 41 – N. xanthopterum New, 1980, vertex; 42, 44 – Ptiloneura columnaris García Aldrete et al., 2020, fore- and hindwing; 43 – Cladiopsocus eertmoedi González Obando et al., 2016, forewing; 45 – N. mockfordi, areola postica, type 2; 46 – N. valderramae sp. nov., areola postica, type 3; 47 – P. columnaris, phallosome; 48–50 – C. eertmoedi, phallosome, epiproct and paraproct, respectively.

Figs 1–6 in Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: new species and an identification key

Figs 1–6. Neurostigma lienhardi sp. nov., male. 1 – forewing; 2 – hindwing; 3 – head, frontal view; 4 – epiproct and right paraproct; 5 – hypandrium; 6 – phallosome. Values for scale bars in mm.

Figure 19 in Neurostigma Enderlein, 1990: new records, update diagnosis, description, redescription, description increment of females and a new synonymy (Psocodea: "Psocoptera": Epipsocidae)

Figure 19. Neurostigma roesleri (male): (A) Labrum; (B) Labium; (C) Right maxillary palp; (D) Right mandible; (E) Left mandibles; (F) Right lacinia; (G) Left lacinia. Scales in mm. Type 2: Forewing with R₁ forked; with a spurious vein in drete & Mockford, 2009: 667 (species list); Mendivil the areola postica (Fig. 20G-H). Nieto et al., 2020: 132 (taxonomy); Silva-Neto & García Aldrete, 2020: 3 (species list); González-Obando et al., Material examined: Holotype, female (Figs. 12A-I): 2021: 83 (taxonomy); Reategui et al., 2022a: 15 (tax- Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho onomy). Ducke, 02°57′48.0″S, 59°55′22.2″W. 20.xii.1977. light trap. J. Arias & N.D. Penny. (Deposited in INPA). Diagnosis: Head with vertex narrowed, bilobed, raised

Figure 10 in Neurostigma Enderlein, 1990: new records, update diagnosis, description, redescription, description increment of females and a new synonymy (Psocodea: "Psocoptera": Epipsocidae)

Figure 10. Pterostigma of the Neurostigma enderleini (male IX…male XIII): (A) PRF of MIX; (B) PLF of MIX; (C) PRF of MX; (D) PLF of MX; (E) PRF of MXI; (F) PLF of MXI; (G) PRF of MXII; (H) PLF of MXII; (I) PRF of MXIII; (J) PLF of MXIII. Abbreviations: PRF = pterostigma of right forewing, PLF = pterostigma of left forewing, M = male. Scales in mm.

Figure 13 in Neurostigma Enderlein, 1990: new records, update diagnosis, description, redescription, description increment of females and a new synonymy (Psocodea: "Psocoptera": Epipsocidae)

Figure 13. Neurostigma roesleri (Paratype female): (A) Right forewing; (B) Left forewing; (C) Pterostigma of right forewing; (D) Pterostigma of left forewing. Scales in mm.

Figure 15 in Neurostigma Enderlein, 1990: new records, update diagnosis, description, redescription, description increment of females and a new synonymy (Psocodea: "Psocoptera": Epipsocidae)

Figure 15. Neurostigma roesleri (female): (A) Front view of head; (B) Right forewing; (C) Right hindwing; (D) Pterostigma of right forewing; (E) Pterostigma of left forewing; (F) Clunium, epiprocto and paraprocto; (G) Gonaphophyses; (H) Subgenital plate; (I) Spermatheca connected to the ninth sternum via the spermathecacal duct. (J) Ninth sternum; (K) Spermatheca. Scales in mm.

Figure 18 in Neurostigma Enderlein, 1990: new records, update diagnosis, description, redescription, description increment of females and a new synonymy (Psocodea: "Psocoptera": Epipsocidae)

Figure 18. Neurostigma roesleri (male): (A) Front view of head; (B) Right forewing; (C) Right hindwing; (D) Pterostigma of right forewing; (E) Pterostigma of left forewing; (F) Hypandrium; (G) Clunium, epiprocto and right paraprocto; (H) Phallosome. Scales in mm.

Figure 17 in Neurostigma Enderlein, 1990: new records, update diagnosis, description, redescription, description increment of females and a new synonymy (Psocodea: "Psocoptera": Epipsocidae)

Figure 17. Neurostigma roesleri (male): (A) Lateral view; (B) Zoom of lateral view of head; (C) Zoom of dorsal view of head. Scales in mm.

Figure 7 in Neurostigma Enderlein, 1990: new records, update diagnosis, description, redescription, description increment of females and a new synonymy (Psocodea: "Psocoptera": Epipsocidae)

Figure 7. Neurostigma enderleini (female): (A) Front view of head; (B) Right forewing; (C) Right hindwing; (D) Pterostigma of right forewing; (E) Pterostigma of left forewing; (F) Subgenital plate; (G) Epiprocto and Paraprocto; (H) Ninth sternum. Scales in mm.

Figure 8 in Neurostigma Enderlein, 1990: new records, update diagnosis, description, redescription, description increment of females and a new synonymy (Psocodea: "Psocoptera": Epipsocidae)

Figure 8. Neurostigma enderleini (female): (A) Labrum; (B) Labium; (C) Right mandible; (D) Left mandibles; (E) Right lacinia; (F) Left lacinia. Scales in mm. Update diagnosis: Frons of the head with homoge- (Fig. 5C-D). Brown laciniae with light brown distal region neously dark spots from the middle of the lobes to the (Fig. 5E-F). Tergal lobes of meso and metathorax brown; postclypeus (Figs. 4A, 7A). Fore and hindwings with the thoracic pleura brown (3A-B). Fore-hindwing with the proximal half homogeneously pigmented, basally with proximal half homogeneously pigmented, with brown- a rounded-shaped hyaline área between vein CuA and ish veins (Figs. 1B-C, 1G, 4B-C). Legs with coxae, trovein CuP and between vein CuP and wing margin (Figs. chanters, femurs, tibiae brown, tarsomeres 1 and 2 light 1B-C, 1G, 4B-C, 6A, 7B-C). Phallosome with posterior pro- brown (Fig. 2A-C). Light brown abdomen with dark abcess of subquadrate aedeagal arch (Figs. 1J, 4H); mem- dominal segments (Fig. 3A). branous endophallus, with a transverse and elongated central stem, with denticles pronounced (Figs. 1J, 4H). Morphology: Head with abundant macrosetae more Ninth sternum formed by two sclerites, curved inwards, concentrated on the vertex (Figs. 1A, 3, 4A), large posterioly with median recess, anteriorly separated by a compound eyes (Figs. 1A, 3, 4A), laterally rounded narrow membranous area (Fig. 7H). (Fig. 3B-C), vertex convex, bilobed, with above upper border of compound eyes (Figs. 1A, 4A). Labium with prementum narrow, labial palpus with round shape, Redescription of the male based on the paraglossas with round shape, slender glossa (Fig. 5B). holotype and common specimens Mandibles asymmetrical, elongate and with outer margin angled (Fig. 5C-D), outer cusp of lacinial tip short, Color: Frons of the head with homogeneously dark with eight to nine denticles (Fig. 5E-F). Lobes tergal spots from the middle of the lobed to the postclypeus with many setae (Fig. 3A-B). Forewing pterostigma tri- (Figs. 1A, 4A, 7A), lateral areas of head entirely light angular (Figs. 1B-C, 4B, 9, 10, 11) with shape and numbrown (Fig. 3A-C). Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline ber of crossveins, varying from four to ten crossveins with ochre centripetal crescents (Figs. 1A, 3, 4A). Scape, (Figs. 9-11); R₂₊₃ almost straight (Figs. 1B-C, 4B); M vein pedicel, and flagelomeres light brown (Fig. 1D). Clypeus before its first bifurcation, abruptly concave, V-shaped brown (Fig. 4A); labrum light brown, with dark brown (Figs. 1B-C, 4B). Hindwing R₂₊₃ slightly sinuous and R₄₊₅ labral sclerites (Fig. 5A), labium with light brown pre- straight, M sinuous (Figs. 1G, 4C). Hypandrium distally mentum, with palps, paraglossas and glossa light brown concave, with sides sclerosed (Figs. 1I; 4F). Phallosome (Fig. 5B). Mandibles light brown with and brownish ends open basally; side struts straight, somewhat wide ba-

Figure 6 in Neurostigma Enderlein, 1990: new records, update diagnosis, description, redescription, description increment of females and a new synonymy (Psocodea: "Psocoptera": Epipsocidae)

Figure 6. Neurostigma enderleini (female): (A) Lateral view; (B) Thorax in lateral view; (C) Head in lateral view. Scales in mm.

Figure 5 in Neurostigma Enderlein, 1990: new records, update diagnosis, description, redescription, description increment of females and a new synonymy (Psocodea: "Psocoptera": Epipsocidae)

Figure 5. Neurostigma enderleini (male I): (A) Labrum; (B) Labium; (C) Right mandible; (D) Left mandibles; (E) Right lacinia; (F) Left lacinia. Scales in mm.