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Text-fig. 9. Phylogenetic tree indicating the number of required character state changes (steps) under parsimony for various positions of Miranthus gen. nov. in a molecular based backbone tree (see material and methods for additional details). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 9. Phylogenetic tree indicating the number of required character state changes (steps) under parsimony for various positions of Miranthus gen. nov. in a molecular based backbone tree (see material and methods for additional details).

Text-fig. 8. SEM (a, b) and SRXTM (c, d) images of fruit associated with Miranthus elegans and Miranthus kvacekii; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Apical view of capsular fruit with five, partly open valves revealing the enclosed reticulate seeds (arrows). b: Detail of fruit wall showing an enclosed seed (arrow). c: Transverse section (orthoslice xy1200) of fruit showing central column (cc) of placenta and numerous angular and bitegmic seeds; note that the outer integument (black arrow) is thicker than inner integument (white arrow). d: Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz1239) of fruit showing perigynous attachment of calyx, central column (cc) of the placenta and sections through seeds. Specimen, Mira 99-S156331 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, c, d), 200 µm (b). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 8. SEM (a, b) and SRXTM (c, d) images of fruit associated with Miranthus elegans and Miranthus kvacekii; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Apical view of capsular fruit with five, partly open valves revealing the enclosed reticulate seeds (arrows). b: Detail of fruit wall showing an enclosed seed (arrow). c: Transverse section (orthoslice xy1200) of fruit showing central column (cc) of placenta and numerous angular and bitegmic seeds; note that the outer integument (black arrow) is thicker than inner integument (white arrow). d: Longitudinal section (orthoslice yz1239) of fruit showing perigynous attachment of calyx, central column (cc) of the placenta and sections through seeds. Specimen, Mira 99-S156331 (a–d). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, c, d), 200 µm (b).

Text-fig. 3. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Volume renderings of flower bud in two different lateral views showing long pedicel, distinct calyx (ca) with almost equiaxial epidermal cells and corolla (co) with nearly smooth surface. c–e: Transverse sections (c, orthoslice xy1500; d, orthoslice xy1760; e, orthoslice xy1850) through flower bud at levels below the anthers showing stamen filaments (yellow) opposite the corolla lobes (co) and smaller staminodes (orange) in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 3. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Volume renderings of flower bud in two different lateral views showing long pedicel, distinct calyx (ca) with almost equiaxial epidermal cells and corolla (co) with nearly smooth surface. c–e: Transverse sections (c, orthoslice xy1500; d, orthoslice xy1760; e, orthoslice xy1850) through flower bud at levels below the anthers showing stamen filaments (yellow) opposite the corolla lobes (co) and smaller staminodes (orange)

Text-fig. 5. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse sections of flower (a, orthoslice xy0665 close to the apex of placenta; b, orthoslice xy0800 in middle part of placenta) showing remains of calyx with distinct bundles (arrows), ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) on the central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) with central column (cc). c: Transverse section of flower (orthoslice xy0620) through perianth and ovary (ow) at a level above the placenta showing ovules (ov) and cellular preservation of the sepal bundles (arrows shown for one sepal); note abaxial surface of sepals with thick-walled epidermal cells, thick cuticle, and fine pointed verrucae. d: Longitudinal section of flower (orthoslice xz0500) showing perigynous position of calyx and semi-inferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with a central placenta (pl), central column (cc) and numerous ovules (ov); note spiny verrucae on abaxial surface of calyx lobes. Specimens, Mira 100-S153145 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 5. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse sections of flower (a, orthoslice xy0665 close to the apex of placenta; b, orthoslice xy0800 in middle part of placenta) showing remains of calyx with distinct bundles (arrows), ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) on the central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) with central column (cc). c: Transverse section of flower (orthoslice xy0620) through perianth and ovary (ow) at a level above the placenta showing ovules (ov) and cellular preservation of the sepal bundles (arrows shown for one sepal); note abaxial surface of sepals with thick-walled epidermal cells, thick cuticle, and fine pointed verrucae. d: Longitudinal section of flower (orthoslice xz0500) showing perigynous position of calyx and semi-inferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with a central placenta (pl), central column (cc) and numerous ovules (ov); note spiny verrucae on abaxial surface of calyx lobes. Specimens, Mira 100-S153145 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d).

Text-fig. 7. SEM (a) and SRXTM (b–e) images of Miranthus kvacekii sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Lateral view of flower bud showing corolla lobes extending beyond calyx; note surface of pedicel, calyx and corolla with small equiaxial epidermal cells and indumentum of densely spaced, short stiff trichomes. b, c: Longitudinal sections through floral bud in two directions perpendicular to each other (a, orthoslice yz1024; b, orthoslice xz0950) showing corolla (co), calyx (ca), stamens (st) and semi-inferior ovary with thin ovary wall (ow) and central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). d, e: Transverse sections through floral bud above placenta (d, orthoslice xy0915; e, orthoslice xy1095) showing calyx (ca), corolla (co), ovary wall (ow) and ovules (ov); yellow outlines indicate the positions of anthers (d) and filaments (e); orange outlines indicate the position of three of the possible staminodes. Specimen, Mira 100-S170157 (a–e, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–c), 300 µm (d, e). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 7. SEM (a) and SRXTM (b–e) images of Miranthus kvacekii sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Lateral view of flower bud showing corolla lobes extending beyond calyx; note surface of pedicel, calyx and corolla with small equiaxial epidermal cells and indumentum of densely spaced, short stiff trichomes. b, c: Longitudinal sections through floral bud in two directions perpendicular to each other (a, orthoslice yz1024; b, orthoslice xz0950) showing corolla (co), calyx (ca), stamens (st) and semi-inferior ovary with thin ovary wall (ow) and central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). d, e: Transverse sections through floral bud above placenta (d, orthoslice xy0915; e, orthoslice xy1095) showing calyx (ca), corolla (co), ovary wall (ow) and ovules (ov); yellow outlines indicate the positions of anthers (d) and filaments (e); orange outlines indicate the position of three of the possible staminodes. Specimen, Mira 100-S170157 (a–e, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–c), 300 µm (d, e).

Text-fig. 2. SEM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Flowers in oblique lateral view showing remains of calyx and slightly semi-inferior ovary with elongated apical style (a); note larger openings in the floral tissue (asterisk) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities and the stomata-like secretory structures on the upper portion of the ovary (arrows) that are interpreted as nectariferous (b). c: Detail of ovary surface showing secretory stomata-like structures (arrows). d: Flower in lateral view showing fragmentary calyx and broken slightly semi-inferior ovary with secretory stomata-like structures; note the point of attachment of the central placenta (pl). e: Cluster of seeds removed from the ovary in (d) showing reticulate surface. f: Outer (abaxial) surface of calyx lobe showing the slightly pointed papillae and scattered, fine trichomes (arrows). g: Triaperturate pollen grains from the ovary surface. Specimens, Mira 100-S153146 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c), Mira 100-S101266 (d, e), Mira 105-S100732 (f), Mira 100-S170125 (g). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, b, d), 300 µm (f), 100 µm (c, e), 10 µm (g). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 2. SEM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Flowers in oblique lateral view showing remains of calyx and slightly semi-inferior ovary with elongated apical style (a); note larger openings in the floral tissue (asterisk) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities and the stomata-like secretory structures on the upper portion of the ovary (arrows) that are interpreted as nectariferous (b). c: Detail of ovary surface showing secretory stomata-like structures (arrows). d: Flower in lateral view showing fragmentary calyx and broken slightly semi-inferior ovary with secretory stomata-like structures; note the point of attachment of the central placenta (pl). e: Cluster of seeds removed from the ovary in (d) showing reticulate surface. f: Outer (abaxial) surface of calyx lobe showing the slightly pointed papillae and scattered, fine trichomes (arrows). g: Triaperturate pollen grains from the ovary surface. Specimens, Mira 100-S153146 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c), Mira 100-S101266 (d, e), Mira 105-S100732 (f), Mira 100-S170125 (g). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, b, d), 300 µm (f), 100 µm (c, e), 10 µm (g).

Text-fig. 1. SEM images of flowers of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Flowers in lateral view showing elongated pedicel, narrowly triangular sepals and elongated protruding style (a); note the large openings in the floral tissue and pedicel (asterisks) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. c: Flower in lateral view with portion of the calyx missing exposing the ovary wall and slightly raised nectariferous ring with probable stomata-like secretory structures (arrow). d: Flower in lateral view showing long pedicel and three of the five tepals; note the elongated narrowly triangular form of the sepals. e: Flower in oblique lateral view with portion of the calyx missing exposing the ovary and elongated style. f, g: Flowers in apical view showing the bases of five sepals (f) and apex of the five-parted ovary; note larger openings in the floral tissue (asterisk) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. Specimens, Mira 100-S170155 (a, holotype), Mira 100-S153145 (b, c, g), Mira 100- S101267 (d), Mira 105-S100732 (e), Mira 100-S101268 (f). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–g). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 1. SEM images of flowers of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Flowers in lateral view showing elongated pedicel, narrowly triangular sepals and elongated protruding style (a); note the large openings in the floral tissue and pedicel (asterisks) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. c: Flower in lateral view with portion of the calyx missing exposing the ovary wall and slightly raised nectariferous ring with probable stomata-like secretory structures (arrow). d: Flower in lateral view showing long pedicel and three of the five tepals; note the elongated narrowly triangular form of the sepals. e: Flower in oblique lateral view with portion of the calyx missing exposing the ovary and elongated style. f, g: Flowers in apical view showing the bases of five sepals (f) and apex of the five-parted ovary; note larger openings in the floral tissue (asterisk) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. Specimens, Mira 100-S170155 (a, holotype), Mira 100-S153145 (b, c, g), Mira 100- S101267 (d), Mira 105-S100732 (e), Mira 100-S101268 (f). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–g).

Fig. 8 in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 8. Holotype of D. borneensis Hiern (Motley 7 K[K000792665]) (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2022). The red arrow points at lateral veins forming the intramarginal line.

Fig. 6 in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 6. Occurrence of D. bejaudii Lecomte (Z) and D. retrofracta Bakh. (A) in mainland South-East Asia.

Fig. 5 in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 5. Isolectotype of D. retrofracta Bakh. (Haniff & Nur 3984 K[K000792535]) (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2022).

Fig. 9 in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 9. Lectotype of D. fecunda H.R.Fletcher (Kerr 7658 K[K000792545]) (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2022).

Fig. 7. A–C. Diospyros dictyoneura Hiern. A in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 7. A–C. Diospyros dictyoneura Hiern. A. Corolla and stamen of male flower (Beccari 2615 K[K000792678]). B. Female flower (Galao S15705 K[K001423314]). C. Fruits (Bernstein 179 K[without barcode]). D–F. D. hasseltii Zoll. D. Male flower with front calyx lobe removed (Smitinand 46521 K[K001361167]). E. Female inflorescences. F. Fruits. G–H. D. fecunda H.R.Fletcher. G. Male inflorescence; H. Fruit. Photographed by N. Meeprom and S. Duangjai.

Fig. 4. A–D. Diospyros bejaudii Lecomte. A. Male flowers. B. Female calyx and corolla. C. Twig with leaves. D in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 4. A–D. Diospyros bejaudii Lecomte. A. Male flowers. B. Female calyx and corolla. C. Twig with leaves. D. Fruit (Put 3161 K[K001361559]). E–H. D. retrofracta Bakh. E. Male flower (Kerr 10718 K[K001361567]). F. Remaining calyx of female flower (Kerr 12697A K[K001361574]). G. Twigs with leaves and fruits. H. Fruits. Photographed by N. Meeprom and S. Duangjai.

Fig. 3 in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 3. Lectotype of D. bejaudii Lecomte (Béjaud 23 P[P00721441]) (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 2022).

Fig. 2 in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 2. Occurrence map of D. apiculata Hiern (O), D. strigosa Hemsl. (Z) and D. tamiriensis Lecomte (A).

Fig. 1. A–B. Diospyros apiculata Hiern. A in Notes on South-East Asian Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae, Ericales): commonly misidentified species in mainland South-East Asia

Fig. 1. A–B. Diospyros apiculata Hiern. A. Lower surface of leaf (Curtis 1584 K[K001345613]). B. Male flower (Maingay s.n. [Kew Distrib. no. 1514] K[K000792352]). C–D. D. eriantha Champ. ex Benth. var. eriantha. C. Lower surface of leaf (Champion 133 K[K000792287]). D. Female flower (Champion s.n. K[K000792289]). E–F. D. strigosa Hemsl. E. Lower surface of leaf (Collins 506 K[K001361689]). F. Female flower. G–H. D. tamiriensis Lecomte. G. Lower surface of leaf. H. Female flower (Pierre 5029 K[K001361754]). Photographed by N. Meeprom and S. Duangjai.

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Fig. 1 in Primula ×chignolensis (Ericales: Primulaceae), a new primrose hybrid discovered in Val Seriana (northern Italy)

Fig. 1 - Primula xchignolensis Banfi & Ferl. at Bivacco La Plana. / Primula xchignolensis Banfi & Ferl. a Bivacco La Plana. (Photo: / Foto: Marco Borlini).

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Fig. 2 in Primula ×chignolensis (Ericales: Primulaceae), a new primrose hybrid discovered in Val Seriana (northern Italy)

Fig. 2 - Primula albenensis Banfi & Ferl. at Bivacco la Plana. / Primula albenensis Banfi & Ferl. a Bivacco la Plana. (Photo: / Foto: Sergio Epis).

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Fig. 3 - Primula auricula L in Primula ×chignolensis (Ericales: Primulaceae), a new primrose hybrid discovered in Val Seriana (northern Italy)

Fig. 3 - Primula auricula L. at Bivacco la Plana. / Primula auricula L. at Bivacco la Plana. (Photo: / Foto: Sergio Epis).