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26 results for “Etheostomatinae”
Data from: Integrative ichthyological species delimitation in the Greenthroat Darter complex (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)
<p>Species delimitation is fundamental to deciphering the mechanisms that generate and maintain biodiversity. Alpha taxonomy historically relied on expert knowledge to describe new species using phenotypic and biogeographic evidence, which has the appearance of investigator subjectivity. In contrast, DNA‐based methods using the multispecies coalescent model (MSC) promise a more objective approach to describing biodiversity. However, recent criticisms suggest that under some conditions the MSC may over‐split lineages, identifying species that do not reflect biological reality. Here, we reconcile these approaches using empirical data for the Greenthroat Darter complex (<em>Etheostoma lepidum</em>), a small freshwater fish species with a disjunct distribution in Texas and New Mexico, USA. We demonstrate that MSC methods recognizes all nine sampled populations as distinct species, sometimes splitting specimens from a single locality into multiple species. However, environmental, phenotypic and biogeographic evidence do not corroborate the nine species supported by the MSC. Instead, collective evidence indicates that <em>E. lepidum</em> is comprised of just three species that are consistent with the molecular phylogeny: <em>Etheostoma lepidum</em> (Greenthroat Darter) in rivers draining the eastern Edwards Plateau, <em>Etheostoma</em> cf. <em>lepidum</em> (Texas Darter) in the Concho and San Saba rivers and <em>Etheostoma</em> cf. <em>lepidum</em> (Pecos Darter) in the Pecos River. The Pecos Darter is likely highly imperiled due to its localized distribution and reliance on vanishing spring‐fed stream habitats. The impending biodiversity crisis makes integrative and swift species delimitation more necessary than ever. Our study exemplifies how classic taxonomic expertise combined with molecular phylogenetics can produce a more robust description of threatened biodiversity.</p>
Data from: Integrative ichthyological species delimitation in the Greenthroat Darter complex (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)
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Data from: A new species of logperch endemic to Tennessee (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Percina)
Percina apina, the Tennessee Logperch, is described as a new species endemic to Tennessee and distributed in the Duck River system and Whiteoak Creek. The earliest collection records for Percina apina date to 1971 and the species was identified as Percina burtoni, the Blotchside Logperch. A phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) published in 2006 showed that populations identified as Percina burtoni in the Duck River system and Whiteoak Creek were a new and undescribed species. In this study, we test the hypothesis that Percina burtoni is composed of multiple species through analyses of mtDNA, nuclear genetic variation, and traditional meristic trait morphology. Our analyses of morphological divergence, nuclear genotypes, mtDNA gene trees, and comparisons with other sister species pairs of logperches confirm the distinctiveness of Percina apina. Morphologically, Percina apina is distinguished from Percina burtoni through higher average numbers of lateral line scales (93.1 versus 89.9); pored lateral line scales (91.6 versus 88.8); rows of transverse scales (38.1 versus 33.6); and scales around the caudal peduncle (36.2 versus 33.5). The two species also differ in patterns of pigmentation; the lateral blotches in Percina apina are typically wider than high, whereas the blotches tend to be higher than wide in Percina burtoni. We recommend that future species descriptions of North American freshwater fishes leverage available genetic resources and include molecular phylogenetic assessments in analyses of taxon distinctiveness. In addition, we advocate the deposition of morphological data used in species descriptions to online data repositories to ensure that other researchers are able to evaluate and modify hypotheses of species delimitations.
Data from: A new barcheek darter species from Buck Creek (Cumberland River System), Kentucky (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Catonotus: Oopareia)
Etheostoma nebra, the Buck Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Buck Creek system of the Cumberland River drainage in Kentucky, USA. The earliest collection records of Etheostoma nebra date to 1955 and were considered a population of Etheostoma virgatum. Etheostoma nebra is delimited through morphological comparisons with Etheostoma virgatum and phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from a mitochondrial gene and five nuclear genes. Etheostoma nebra is distinguished from Etheostoma virgatum by a lower number of total lateral scales, fewer pored lateral scales and modally 13 compared with 12 pectoral fin rays. The two species also differ in patterns of pigmentation and nuptial male coloration. In the molecular phylogenies, Etheostoma nebra is not resolved as the sister species of Etheostoma virgatum. A review of all museum collection records of Etheostoma nebra and extensive field surveys in the Buck Creek system demonstrate a dramatic decline of the species over the past 30 years. Collections made from 1955 to 1981 show that Etheostoma nebra was widespread throughout the Buck Creek system, but the species is currently restricted to a small portion of Flat Lick Creek. Etheostoma nebra is critically imperiled based on its restricted geographic distribution and documented disappearance of populations within the Buck Creek system during the past three decades.
FIG. 5 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)
FIG. 5. Body shape relationships among darter species (PC1 vs. PC2) based on 12 homologous landmarks used in geometric morphometric analyses. The molecular phylogeny is overlaid to illustrate phylogenetic–morphological relationships among species. Gray wireframe warped grids show body shape extremes along PC1 (48.25% of variation) and PC2 (18.85% of variation). All warped grids are magnified 2.5 times in order to better illustrate changes in variation across each axis. Darter line drawings depict E. blennioides (lower left in morphospace) and N. rufilineatus (upper right in morphospace), and each shows the locations of the 12 homologous landmarks included. Phylogenetic niche conservatism of PC1 (determined by Blomberg's K value) can be visualized in the figure.
FIG. 2 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)
FIG. 2. Map of Duck River drainage showing the 15 study sites. Inserted panel depicts an overview of the location of the Duck River drainage in Tennessee, USA.
FIG. 4 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)
FIG. 4. Ultrametric tree including all darter species known to occur in the Duck River drainage (regional species pool). Species present at each site are illustrated as circles, and abundances are represented by size of circles (i.e., circle sizes are sqrt transformed abundances). For reference, the greatest abundance of a species collected from a single site during the study was E. zonale (site nine; n ¼ 43). Different circle shades represent the different species. Sites one through 15 are depicted from upstream to downstream (left to right). Encircled nodes indicate the two main clades in which species were phylogenetically clustered. See Data Accessibility for tree file.
FIG. 3 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)
FIG. 3. Scatterplots depicting relationships between assemblages and degree of clustering or evenness based on the Net Relatedness Index (NRI) and Nearest Taxon Index (NTI) standard effect size metrics (SESmetrics). Positive values indicate phylogenetic clustering and negative values indicate phylogenetic evenness. NRI values are black circles and NTI values are open triangles (*indicate significant phylogenetic structure in assemblages [P 0.05]). (A) Depicts analyses based on species presence/absence within each assemblage, and (B) depicts analyses including weighted abundances, and therefore indicates relationships among individuals within assemblages.
FIG. 1 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)
FIG. 1. Schematic diagram depicting influences of habitat filtering and/or competitive exclusion and the hypothetical data patterns generated by these two mechanisms across three assembly scenarios. Interpretation of data patterns for each scenario is influenced by the presence of niche conservatism (i.e., whether closely related species have retained ecologically important ancestral traits) or by the presence of convergence in habitat use among co-occurring species. Regional species pool phylogenies and the predicted scenario outcomes are encompassed by boxes (A, B, and C). Darter morphology is shown primarily by the darter silhouettes on the tree tips, and secondarily by darter color shade. Therefore, darter morphology is depicted as conserved in all three scenarios. Habitat use for each ''species'' is indicated by the size of the boxes located above each darter depiction in each scenario (e.g., darters with similar sized boxes have similar habitat use). Hypothetical assemblages containing four species each are depicted below each regional species phylogeny, and active assembly mechanisms related to each assemblage outcome (habitat filtering or competitive exclusion) are indicated to the left. Associated phylogenetic (phylo) and habitat use (habitat) patterns are indicated by the terms ''clustering'' or ''evenness'' within each possible outcome.
Data from: A new species of spottail darter endemic to the Clarks River in Kentucky and Tennessee (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Etheostoma)
<p><em>Etheostoma xanthovum</em>, the Clarks Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Clarks River in Kentucky and Tennessee, USA. <em>Etheostoma xanthovum</em> was previously delimited as <em>Etheostoma oophylax</em>, the Guardian Darter, based on morphological trait data. Subsequent to the description of <em>E. oophylax</em>, molecular phylogenetic analyses consistently resolved specimens from the Clarks River system and <em>E. chienense</em>, the Relict Darter, as sister species, which together formed a sister clade to all other sampled populations of <em>E. oophylax</em>. Our analyses of morphological traits, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and genomic sampling using double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing support the distinctiveness of <em>Etheostoma xanthovum</em>. Morphologically, <em>Etheostoma xanthovum</em>, differs from <em>Etheostoma oophylax</em> in the number of dorsal fin rays (12 versus 11), anal fin rays (8 versus 7), and in the number of scale rows around the caudal peduncle (21.8 versus 20.37). <em>Etheostoma xanthovum</em> does not share mtDNA haplotypes with <em>Etheostoma oophylax</em> or <em>Etheostoma chienense</em>. Phylogenomic analysis of an average of 28,448 ddRAD loci per sampled specimen resolves <em>Etheostoma xanthovum</em> and <em>Etheostoma chienense</em> as sister species, and assessment of genomic divergence supports the hypothesis that each of these two species represents a distinct and independently evolving lineage. In addition, we report a range extension of <em>Etheostoma oophylax</em> in the Obion River system, a direct tributary of the Mississippi River. </p>
FIGURE 8 in Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies
FIGURE 8. Male pigmentation of A) Etheostoma rupestre rupestre—47 mm SL, Cottondale Creek, County Road 32, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (photo by K. Boone), B) E. r. piersoni—61 mm SL, Chilatchee Creek, Highway 5, 1 mile north of Alberta, Alabama (photo by K. Boone), and C) E. r. uphapeense—45 mm SL, Opintlocco Creek, County Highway 20, ~3 miles East of Tuskegee, Alabama (Photo by B. Hilburn).
FIGURE 6 in Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies
FIGURE 6. Biplot of first and second principal components from Procrustes coordinates generated from geometric morphometric analysis of Etheostoma rupestre subspecies (n = 45; PC1 = 24.5% variance explained, PC2 = 18.7% variance explained).
FIGURE 3 in Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies
FIGURE 3. Locations of landmarks used in geometric morphometric analysis on specimens of Etheostoma rupestre (1: nare, 2: nape, 3: first dorsal-fin origin, 4: 9th dorsal spine insertion, 5: second dorsal-fin origin, 6: 7th dorsal ray insertion, 7: posterior insertion of dorsal fin, 8: caudal fin insertion on dorsum, 9: center edge of hypural plate, 10: caudal fin insertion on ventrum, 11: posterior insertion of anal fin, 12: 5th anal fin element, 13: anal fin origin, 14: pelvic fin origin, 15: tip of lower jaw, 16: tip of upper jaw, 17: posterior edge of maxilla, 18: lower pectoral fin insertion, 19: upper pectoral fin insertion.
FIGURE 4 in Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies
FIGURE 4. First and second principal components for meristic data for the three subspecies of Etheostoma rupestre. Variable loadings for each principle component are as follows: PC1—lateral line scales: -0.43, scales above lateral line: -0.47, scales below lateral line: -0.47, caudal peduncle scales: -0.44, dorsal spines: -0.21, dorsal rays: -0.05, nape squamation: 0.21, belly squamation: 0.30; PC2—lateral line scales: 0.12, scales above the lateral line: 0.20, scales below the lateral line: 0.14, caudal peduncle scales: 0.14, dorsal spines: 0.21, dorsal rays: 0.19, nape squamation: 0.71, belly squamation: 0.58.
FIGURE 2 in Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies
FIGURE 2. Locations of museum material examined that possessed lat/long coordinates. Dark grey background shading indicates the boundaries of the Mobile Basin and colored shading indicates geographic ranges of each subspecies within the Mobile Basin to which Etheostoma rupestre is endemic. Populations delimited as E. r. rupestre in the current study but for which some taxonomic uncertainty remains are also indicated.
FIGURE 1. Cytochrome-b in Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies
FIGURE 1. Cytochrome-b phylogeny (modified from Janosik et al. [2023] with permission from Springer Nature Publishing Company; subject to associated copyright policy) displaying the three allopatric lineages of Etheostoma rupestre. Bayesian posterior probabilities are displayed on the nodes. EU296687.1 is a GenBank individual from Piller et al. (2008). Individuals that did not sort into the three major clades may indicate incomplete lineage sorting or recent gene exchange between lineages.
Data from: A new barcheek darter species from Buck Creek (Cumberland River System), Kentucky (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Catonotus: Oopareia)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: A new species of spottail darter endemic to the Clarks River in Kentucky and Tennessee (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Etheostoma)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: A new species of logperch endemic to Tennessee (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Percina)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
A new species of bridled darter endemic to the Etowah River system in Georgia (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Percina)
<p>"alignments" folder contains concatenated ddRAD phylip alignments produced by iPyrad. `mXXp` naming scheme consistent with iPyrad parameter files.</p> <p>"bridledCOB.nex" contains the DNA sequence alignment for the mtDNA gene cytochrome b used in the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. </p> <p>"bridledCOB.nex.con.tre" summarized posterior tree from Bayesian analysis of the mtDNA cytochrome b data.</p> <p>"bridledNUC.nex" contains the DNA sequence alignment for the 11 nuclear genes used in the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis.</p> <p>"bridledNUC.nex.con.tre" summarized posterior tree from Bayesian analysis of the 11 nuclear genes.</p> <p>"fastqs" folder contains demultiplexed fastq files containing ddRAD reads for each individual.</p> <p>"iPyrad_paramFiles" folder contains assembly parameters for iPyrad. `mXXp` indicates the minimum proportion of samples per locus (`min_samples_locus` iPyrad parameter). For example, `m70p` indicates that each locus is represented by at least 70% of the samples. </p> <p>"P_freemanorum_meristic_data.csv" the merstic data of Percina freemanorum.</p> <p>"P_freemanorum_meristic_specimen_info.csv" information associated with specimens of Percina freemanorum.</p> <p>"P_kusha_meristic_data.csv" the merstic data of Percina kusha.</p> <p>"P_kusha_meristic_specimen_info.csv" information associated with specimens of Percina kusha.</p> <p>"IQTree" folder contains bash script to run IQTree analyses and resulting treefiles. `mXXp` naming scheme consistent with iPyrad parameter files.</p> <p>"VCFs" folder contains bash script to run VCFTools filtering, outgroup file listing outgroup taxa to prune, input VCF file from iPyrad, and filtered VCF files. `Unlinked` indicates that SNPs have been pruned to include only one SNP per ddRAD locus. `mXXp` naming scheme consistent with iPyrad parameter files.<br> </p>
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