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137 results for “Euctenizidae”
Figures 6–7. Aptostichus spp. 6 in Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pompilinae), a probable obligate parasitoid of Aptostichus Simon (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae) in California
Figures 6–7. Aptostichus spp. 6) Aptostichus atomarius female on sand. Sandy Coastal back dunes, Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, CA; 3 June 2014; A. Abela (Abela 2014a) Photograph © Alice Abela. 7) Aptostichus simus female on sand. Sandy Coastal back dunes, Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, CA; 11 June 2014; A. Abela (Abela 2014b). Photograph © Alice Abela.
Figures 3–4 in Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pompilinae), a probable obligate parasitoid of Aptostichus Simon (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae) in California
Figures 3–4. Chalcochares hirsutifemur female taking nectar from flowers of Eriogonum parvifolium (Seacliff buckwheat), Sandy coastal back dunes, Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, CA; 13 August 2021; A. Abela (Abela 2021d, 2021e). 3) Note hairy head, thorax, and basal metasoma; and spinous legs, especially foretibia and foretarsus. Photograph © Alice Abela. 4) Note short antenna segments; hairy head, thorax, and femora; wide vertex with rather small eyes situated on side of head; swollen occiput behind compound eyes; enlarged and flattened pronotum with straight sides; and spinous legs, especially foretibia and foretarsus. Photograph © Alice Abela.
Figure 2 in Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pompilinae), a probable obligate parasitoid of Aptostichus Simon (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae) in California
Figure 2. Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks), female; Anza, Riverside County California; 24 June 195? L. A. Stange collector (det R. Snelling 1963). A. Whole body, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head and anterior part of mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Head, anterior part of mesosoma, and fore legs, lateral view (arrow, apicomesial spine on fore tibia). Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B–D).
Figure 1 in Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pompilinae), a probable obligate parasitoid of Aptostichus Simon (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae) in California
Figure 1. Chalcochares engleharti (Banks), female; Camp Bullis, Bexar County, Texas; 29 May 1952; K. Stockley collector (det. M. Wasbauer 1956). A. Head, mesosoma, and anterior part of metasoma, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Head, anterior part of mesosoma, and fore legs, lateral view (arrow, apicomesial spine on fore tibia). Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B–D).
Figure 8 in Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pompilinae), a probable obligate parasitoid of Aptostichus Simon (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae) in California
Figure 8. Overhead coastal map of San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara counties showing research site locations of Chalcochares hirsutifemur, Aporus hirsutus, Aporus luxus, Aptostichus atomarius, and Aptostichus simus. Rectangular inset on California map in upper right corner indicates area of study.
Microgeographic population structuring in a genus of California trapdoor spiders and discovery of an enigmatic new species (Euctenizidae: Promyrmekiaphila korematsui sp. nov.)
<p>The recognition and delineation of cryptic species remains a perplexing problem in systematics, evolution, and species delimitation. Once recognized as such, cryptic species complexes provide fertile ground for studying genetic divergence within the context of phenotypic and ecological divergence (or lack thereof). Herein we document the discovery of a new cryptic species of trapdoor spider, <em>Promyrmekiaphila korematsui </em>sp. nov. Using subgenomic data obtained via target enrichment, we document the phylogeography of the California endemic genus <em>Promyrmekiaphila </em>and<em> </em>its constituent species, which also includes <em>P. clathrata </em>and <em>P. winnemem</em>. Based on these data we show a pattern of strong geographic structuring among populations but cannot entirely discount recent gene flow among populations that are parapatric, particularly for deeply diverged lineages within <em>P. clathrata</em>.<em> </em>The genetic data, in addition to revealing a new undescribed species, also allude to a pattern of potential phenotypic differentiation where species likely come into contact. Alternatively, phenotypic cohesion among genetically divergent <em>P. clathrata </em>lineages suggests that some level of gene flow is ongoing or occurred in the recent past. Despite considerable field collection efforts over many years, additional sampling in potential zones of contact for both species and lineages is needed to completely resolve the dynamics of divergence in <em>Promyrmekiaphila</em> at the population-species interface.</p>
Microgeographic population structuring in a genus of California trapdoor spiders and discovery of an enigmatic new species (Euctenizidae: Promyrmekiaphila korematsui sp. nov.)
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Data from: Taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Eucteniza ausserer (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae)
The mygalomorph spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer, 1875 comprises 15 nominal species known only from the southwestern United States (Texas) and Mexico (Northern, Central, and the Baja Peninsula). Eucteniza atoyacensis Bond and Opell, 2002 is considered a nomen dubium; E. rex (Chamberlin, 1940) and E. stolida (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940) are both considered junior synonyms of E. relata (O.P.-Cambridge, 1895). Twelve new species are described: E. caprica, E. coylei, E. diablo, E. cabowabo, E. huasteca, E. zapatista, E. chichimeca, E. ronnewtoni, E. hidalgo, E. golondrina, E. panchovillai, and E. rosalia.
Data from: Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)
This systematic study documents the taxonomy, diversity, and distribution of 40 species of the predominately Californian trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon, 1891. Thirty-three of these species are newly described: Aptostichus dantrippi, Aptostichus cabrillo, Aptostichus pennjillettei, Aptostichus asmodaeus, Aptostichus nateevansi, Aptostichus chiricahua, Aptostichus icenoglei, Aptostichus isabella, Aptostichus muiri, Aptostichus barackobamai, Aptostichus sinnombre, Aptostichus hedinorum, Aptostichus aguacaliente, Aptostichus chemehuevi, Aptostichus sarlacc, Aptostichus derhamgiulianii, Aptostichus anzaborrego, Aptostichus serrano, Aptostichus mikeradtkei, Aptostichus edwardabbeyi, Aptostichus killerdana, Aptostichus cahuilla, Aptostichus satleri, Aptostichus elisabethae, Aptostichus fornax, Aptostichus lucerne, Aptostichus fisheri, Aptostichus bonoi, Aptostichus cajalco, Aptostichus sierra, Aptostichus huntington, Aptostichus dorothealangeae, and Aptostichus chavezi. Most of these species are restricted to the California Floristic Province, a known biodiversity hotspot. Of the 40 recognized species, over half are considered to be imperiled or vulnerable and two have likely gone extinct over the past half-century; the conservation status of only 11 species is considered to be secure. Using 73 quantitative and qualitative morphological characters I propose a preliminary phylogeny for the genus that recognizes four major lineages: the Atomarius, Simus, Hesperus, and Sierra species groups. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis indicates that adaptations favoring the invasion of the arid desert habitats of southern California have evolved multiple times across the group. The existence of both desert and non - desert species in three of the four species groups makes this genus an ideal candidate for the study of the evolutionary ecology of desert arthropods. A set of molecular characters based on the contiguous mitochondrial DNA genes 16S-tRNA valine-12S is used in an independent analysis to assist in placement of specimens into species. The taxonomy section explicitly identifies the concept employed in species delimitation. Niche based distribution models are constructed to predict the ranges of species for which an adequate number of sampling sites were known.
FIGURES 16–19 in On the Mexican trapdoor spiders: description of a new species of the spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae) from the western coast of Mexico
FIGURES 16–19. Eucteniza cuixmala sp. nov. Male: 16, Left tibia I, ventral view, arrow indicates distal megaspine on prolateral part. 17, Left leg II, retrolateral view, arrows indicate two small megaspines on median region of metatarsus. 18, Left legs III and IV showing spination. 19, Left patellae III and IV showing small spiniform setae (arrows) on prolateral part. Scale bars: 2 mm (19), 3 mm (16, 17), 5 mm (18).
FIGURES 12–15 in On the Mexican trapdoor spiders: description of a new species of the spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae) from the western coast of Mexico
FIGURES 12–15. Eucteniza cuixmala sp. nov. Male: 12–13, Left leg I, retrolateral and prolateral views, respectively, arrows indicate small megaspine on median region of metatarsus (12) and distal megaspine on tibia (13). 14–15, Left tibia I, detail of retrolateral and prolateral views, respectively, arrow indicates distal megaspine. Scale bars: 3 mm (14, 15), 4 mm (12, 13).
FIGURES 20–21 in On the Mexican trapdoor spiders: description of a new species of the spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae) from the western coast of Mexico
FIGURES 20–21. Habitat of Eucteniza cuixmala sp. nov. Tropical deciduous dry forest in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco, Estación de Biología, Institute of Biology, UNAM (photos by Alejandro Valdez-Mondragón).
FIGURES 8–11 in On the Mexican trapdoor spiders: description of a new species of the spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae) from the western coast of Mexico
FIGURES 8–11. Eucteniza cuixmala sp. nov. Male: 8–9, Left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views, respectively. 10, Left palp, ventral view. 11, Detail of the bulb and embolus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (11) 3 mm (8–10).
FIGURES 1–4 in On the Mexican trapdoor spiders: description of a new species of the spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae) from the western coast of Mexico
FIGURES 1–4. Eucteniza cuixmala sp. nov. Male: 1–2, Habitus, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. 3, Carapace, dorsal view. 4, Prosoma, ventral view showing coxae, sternum, labium, and endites. Scale bars: 5 mm (3, 4), 10 mm (1, 2).
FIGURE 22 in On the Mexican trapdoor spiders: description of a new species of the spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae) from the western coast of Mexico
FIGURE 22. Type locality (red circle) of Eucteniza cuixmala sp. nov. in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco, Mexico; Estación de Biología, Institute of Biology, UNAM.
FIGURES 5–7 in On the Mexican trapdoor spiders: description of a new species of the spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae) from the western coast of Mexico
FIGURES 5–7. Eucteniza cuixmala sp. nov. Male: 5, Labium and endites, ventral view. 6, Ocular region. 7, Opisthosoma, ventral view, showing spinnerets. Scale bars: 1 mm (6), 2 mm (5), 5 mm (7).
Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of the North American Trapdoor Spider family Euctenizidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) and the discovery of a new ‘Endangered Living Fossil’ along California’s Central Coast
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Data from: Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)
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Data from: Taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Eucteniza ausserer (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae)
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Figure 5 in Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pompilinae), a probable obligate parasitoid of Aptostichus Simon (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae) in California
Figure 5. Geographic locality and range map for Chalcochares hirsutifemur (from Evans 1966; Wasbauer and Kimsey 1985) and Aptostichus species (from Bond 2012).
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