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FIGURES 27 – 31 in Two new troglobiotic palpigrades (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from Brazil

FIGURES 27 – 31. Eukoenenia cavatica sp. n. 27, basitarsi 3 – 4 of leg I; 28, basitarsus IV; 29, opisthosoma, ventral view; 30, first flagellar segment; 31, second and third lobes of male genitalia. Scale bars: 40 µm (Fig. 31), 100 µm (Fig. 28), 150 µm (Figs 27, 30), 500 µm (Fig. 29).

FIGURES 19 – 26 in Two new troglobiotic palpigrades (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from Brazil

FIGURES 19 – 26. Eukoenenia cavatica sp. n. 19, lateral organ, dorsal view; 20, deuto-tritosternal setae; 21, propeltidial chaetotaxy; 22, chelicera; 23, coxa I; 24, coxa II; 25, coxa III; 26, coxa IV Arrows in Figs 24 – 26 indicate thick setae. Scale bars: 20 µm (Figs 19 – 20), 80 µm (Figs 24 – 25), 100 µm (Figs 23, 26), 150 µm (Fig. 22), 250 µm (Fig. 21).

FIGURES 14 – 17 in Two new troglobiotic palpigrades (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from Brazil

FIGURES 14 – 17. Eukoenenia jequitinhonha sp. n. 14, first lobe of female genitalia; 15, second lobe of female genitalia; 16, first and second genital lobes overlapped, showing the setae of the first lobe and the cuticular spines and the sclerotized parts of the spermatheca on the second lobe (delimited by the elliptical dashed lines); 17, second genital lobe, with the spermatheca indicated by the elliptical dashed line and the glandular pores indicated by the arrows. Scale bars: 50 µm (Figs 16 – 17), 60 µm (Fig. 15), 100 µm (Fig. 14).

FIGURES 10 – 13 in Two new troglobiotic palpigrades (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from Brazil

FIGURES 10 – 13. Eukoenenia jequitinhonha sp. n. 10, basitarsi 3 – 4 of leg I; 11, basitarsus IV; 12, opisthosoma, dorsal view; 13, opisthosoma, ventral view. Scale bars: 100 µm (Figs 10 – 11), 500 µm (Figs 12 – 13).

FIGURES 2 – 8 in Two new troglobiotic palpigrades (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from Brazil

FIGURES 2 – 8. Eukoenenia jequitinhonha sp. n. 2, lateral organ, dorsal view; 3, propeltidial chaetotaxy; 4, deuto-tritosternal setae; 5, coxa I; 6, coxa II; 7, coxa III; 8, coxa IV. Arrows in Figs 6 – 8 indicate thick setae. Scale bars: 20 µm (Fig. 2), 40 µm (Fig. 4), 100 µm (Figs 5 – 8), 250 µm (Fig. 3).

FIGURE 9. Tarsus 3 in Two new troglobiotic palpigrades (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from Brazil

FIGURE 9. Tarsus 3 of leg 1 of the new species showing the modified setae (rs = rod seta, fs = forked seta, m = macroseta). A, Eukoenenia jequitinhonha sp. n.; B, Eukoenenia cavatica sp. n. Scale bars: 50 µm.

Fig. 24 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 24. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396). A. Opisthosomal segments VIII–XI, ventral view (the dorsal setae of segment XI are also illustrated, with their insertions represented in dashed lines). B. Primordia of genital lobes of immature B. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B = 30 μm.

Fig. 25 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 25. Allokoenenia sp. A. Map of Brazil showing the placement of the Caatinga Biome, delimited in yellow, and of Toca dos Ossos Cave (in red), habitat of Allokoenenia sp. B–C. Galleries of Toca dos Ossos Cave, showing its spongiform architecture. D. Surrounding landscape outside the Toca dos Ossos Cave, showing the limestone quarry that operated above the cave for many years. E. Area of Toca dos Ossos covered by rock fragments transported to the cave in consequence of the quarrying activities. F. Plan view of Toca dos Ossos, showing the structure of the cave with vadose galleries connected by a complex of labyrinthine smaller conduids; the palpigrade collecting site is indicated by a red star. G. Habitus of Allokoenenia sp., ♀ (ISLA 50396) under a stereo microcope before mounting.

Fig. 22 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 22. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396), left pedipalp. A. Trochanter-tibia. B. Basitarsi 1–2. C. Tarsi 1–3. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B–C = 40 μm.

Fig. 23 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 23. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396), left pedipalp. A. Trochanter-tibia of right leg I. B. Basitarsi 1-tarsus 2 of right leg I. C. Tarsus 3 of left leg I. D. Basitarsus of right leg IV. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–B = 100 μm; C–D = 60 μm.

Fig. 21 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 21. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396). A. Deutotritosternal setae. B. Proximal setae (p – 1 p 6) on basal segment of chelicera. C. Distal setae (d 1 –d 3) on basal segment of chelicera. D. Metapeltidial chaetotaxy. E. Chaetotaxy of opisthosomal tergite III. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 20 μm; C = 40 μm.

Fig. 20 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 20. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396). A. Frontal organ. B. Blades of lateral organ. C. Propeltidial chaetotaxy. D. Coxa of right pedipalp. E. Coxa of right leg I. F. Coxa of left leg II. G. Coxa of right leg III. H. Coxa of left leg IV. Scale bars: A–B = 20 μm; C = 100 μm; D–H = 40 μm. Thickened setae on coxae II–IV indicated by arrows.

Fig. 14 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 14. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀, paratype (MZSP 54249), articles of left leg I. A. Trochanterpatella. B. Tibia-basitarsus 2. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Fig. 17 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 17. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀, holotype (MZSP 54247), opisthosomal segments VII–XI, ventral view (the dorsal setae of segment XI is also illustrated, represented in dashed line). Scale bar = 150 μm.

Fig. 10 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 10. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀. A. Frontal organ, holotype (MZSP 54247). B. Blades of lateral organ, paratype (MZSP 54249). C. Metapeltidial chaetotaxy, holotype (MZSP 54247). D. Propeltidial chaetotaxy, holotype (MZSP 54247). E. Distal setae (d 1 –d 3) on basal segment of chelicera, paratype (MZSP 54249). Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–B = 20 μm; C = 25 μm; D = 150 μm; E = 60 μm.

Fig. 6 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 6. Allokoenenia canhembora sp. nov., ♀, holotype (ISLA 50394). A. Trochanter-patella of right leg I. B. Tibia-basitarsus 2 of left leg I. C. Basitarsus 3-tarsus 2 of left leg I. D. Tarsus 3 of right leg I. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–C = 100 μm; D = 40 μm.

Fig. 3 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 3. Allokoenenia canhembora sp. nov., ♀, holotype (ISLA 50394). A. Frontal organ. B. Blades of lateral organ. C. Coxa of left pedipalp. D. Coxa of left leg I. E. Coxa of right leg II. F. Coxa of left leg III. G. Coxa of right leg IV. Scale bars: A–B = 20 μm. C–G = 40 μm. Thickened setae on coxae II–IV indicated by arrows.

Fig. 5 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 5. Allokoenenia canhembora sp. nov., ♀, holotype (ISLA 50394). A. Trochanter-femur of right pedipalp. B. Tibia-tarsus 2 of left pedipalp. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Fig. 16 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 16. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀, paratype (MZSP 54249). A. Tarsus 3 of right pedipalp. B. Basitarsus of left leg IV. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A = 40 μm; B = 100 μm.

Fig. 15 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 15. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀, paratype (MZSP 54249), articles of left leg I. A. Basitarsus 3-tarsus 2. B. Tarsus 3. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B = 60 μm.