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PLATE 7. Eunotia pseudoambivalens Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 7. Eunotia pseudoambivalens Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 51–59. Light microscope images showing size diminution series. Holotype population. Scale bar = 10 µm.

PLATE 6. Eunotia obtusisaculea Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 6. Eunotia obtusisaculea Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 43–50. Scanning electron microscope images. Figures 43–46, external views. Fig. 43. Whole valve view, showing thickened interstriae and blunt spines about the dorsal margin. Fig. 44. View of valve mantle near apex of the valve. Raphe is sinuous, dilated at the proximal end and barely extending onto the valve face. Fig. 45. View of mid-valve showing solid blunt spines on the dorsal margin. Thick interstriae separate striae which bear round occlusions. Fig. 46. Girdle view of a frustule near apex. Raphe branches can be seen on both valves. One valve possesses 10 cingulum elements, which all bear poroids. Figs. 47–50, internal views. Fig. 47. Whole valve. Striae occur in narrow troughs. Pseudosepta are present at the poles. Fig. 48. Valve apex, with helictoglossa and rimoportula present. Fig. 49. Mid-valve showing narrow troughs of the striae. Fig. 50. Apex of the valve.

PLATE 3. Eunotia sinensis Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 3. Eunotia sinensis Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 18–27. Light microscope images showing size diminution series. Holotype population. Scale bar = 10 µm.

PLATE 4. Eunotia sinensis Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 4. Eunotia sinensis Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 28–33. Scanning electron microscope images. Figures 28–30, external views. Fig. 28. Whole valve showing valve outline and distal raphe ends curing ca. ¼ of the way from the ventral margin towards dorsal margin. Figs 29, 30. Valve apices, with distal raphe end dilated slightly and curved onto the valve face. Areolae are occluded externally. Figures 31–33, internal views. Fig. 31. Whole valve, with pseudosepta present at each apex. Figs 32, 33, valve apices. Striae appear to be in continuous vertically-oriented troughs. Helictoglossa is short. The rimoportula is sessile, small.

PLATE 5. Eunotia obtusisaculea Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 5. Eunotia obtusisaculea Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 34–42. Light microscope images showing size diminution series. Holotype population. Scale bar = 10 µm.

PLATE 2. Eunotia yunnanica Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 2. Eunotia yunnanica Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 12–17. Scanning electron microscope images. Figures 12– 14, external views. Fig. 12. Whole valve showing thickened ridges between striae. Fig. 13. View of mid-valve showing striae multiseriate at the dorsal margin and onto the mantle, but uniseriate across the valve face. Fig. 14. Valve apex showing striae uniseriate on valve face and mantle. Distal raphe end curves ca. 1/3 of the way from the ventral margin towards the dorsal margin. Figs 15–17, internal views. Fig. 15. Whole valve view with pseudosepta present at apices. Fig. 16. Dorsal margin with striae multiseriate, becoming uniseriate across the valve face. Fig. 17. Valve apex showing pseudoseptum and helictoglossa.

PLATE 1. Eunotia yunnanica Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 1. Eunotia yunnanica Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 1–11. Light microscope images showing size diminution series. Holotype population. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 31–34 in A new Eunotia (Bacillariophyta: Eunotiales) species from Karst formations of southern China

FIGURES 31–34. Eunotia sudeticiformis sp. nov. Narrow morphotype. SEM, internal views. 31. Whole valve view showing striae in trough–like openings in the center, but with individual areolae at the dorsal and ventral margins. Scale bar = 1 μm. 32, 33. Center of the valve showing areolae in one (Fig. 32) or two rows (Fig. 33) at the dorsal and ventral portions of the valve as well as in trough-like lines in the center. Scale bars = 1 μm. 34. Valve apex with helictoglossae and large rimportulae evident. Small spines can be seen on the exterior of the dorsal edge of the valve. Pseudoseptum is small at the apex. Scale bar = 1 μm.

FIGURES 28–30 in A new Eunotia (Bacillariophyta: Eunotiales) species from Karst formations of southern China

FIGURES 28–30. Eunotia sudeticiformis sp. nov. Narrow morphotype. SEM, external views. 28. Whole valve showing striae in shallow troughs, distal raphe ends curved onto the valve face near the apex and small spines scattered along the dorsal margin. Scale bar = 1 μm. 29. Close up of valve center with each areola with a thickened rim that occludes the opening (compare with the few areolae without occlusions). Note that there are few short striae intercalated between the full-length striae on the dorsal margin. Scale bar = 1 μm. 30. Valve apex with distal raphe end barely curving onto the valve face. A few larger areolae are positioned near the raphe opening. The apex on the valve face is unornamented. On the mantle the rimoportula opening is evident. Scale bar = 1 μm.

FIGURES 24–27 in A new Eunotia (Bacillariophyta: Eunotiales) species from Karst formations of southern China

FIGURES 24–27. Eunotia sudeticiformis sp. nov. Wider morphotype. SEM, internal views. 24, 25. Valve views, showing the striae are trough–like. Short striae between the regular striae are evident on the dorsal margin. Scale bars = 1 μm. 26. Valve apex with a single rimportula and helictoglossa evident. A pseudoseptum is present at the terminus. Scale bar = 1 μm. 27. Pseudoseptum, helictoglossa and grooved striae are evident at the terminus. Scale bar = 1 μm.

FIGURES 19–23 in A new Eunotia (Bacillariophyta: Eunotiales) species from Karst formations of southern China

FIGURES 19–23. Eunotia sudeticiformis sp. nov. Wider morphotype. SEM, external views. 19. Valve view of entire valve, showing distal raphe ends extending slightly onto the valve face. Striae occur in narrow channels. Distinctly larger poroids are present near the distal raphe ends. Scale bar = 1 μm. 20. Valve apex showing areolae have thin, narrow rims. Two larger openings are evident near the distal raphe end. Scale bar = 1 μm. 21. Valve center with uniseriate striae that extend onto the dorsal mantle. A few short striae along the dorsal margin are interspersed amongst the rest of the striae. Areolae are bordered by a thin rim. Scale bar = 1 μm. 22. Girdle view showing the numerous cingula, each bearing several rows of small poroids. Striae are present on the mantle, and raphe has dilated proximal ends. Scale bar = 1 μm. 23. Closer view of valve in girdle view showing raphe branch, disorganized areolae near the raphe and distinct opening of the rimportula. Scale bar = 1 μm.

FIGURES 1–18 in A new Eunotia (Bacillariophyta: Eunotiales) species from Karst formations of southern China

FIGURES 1–18. Eunotia sudeticiformis sp. nov. LM. Valve view, size diminution series. 1–9. Wider morphotype. 5. Holotype. 10–18. More narrow morphotype. Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 21–25 in Actinellopsis murphyi gen. et spec. nov.: A new small celled freshwater diatom (Bacillariophyta, Eunotiales) from Zambia

FIGURES 21–25. SEM images of valve exterior of Actinellopsis murphyi gen. et spec. nov. Figs 21–23. SEM images showing the external valve view. Fig. 24. SEM image of external girdle view showing epi and hypovalves with longer (L) and shorter (S) raphe slits External rimoportulae (R) opening indicated. Fig. 25. SEM image of the external girdle view of dorsal margin. Scale bar = 5 µm (21, 22, 23), 2 µm (24, 25).

FIGURES 1–20 in Actinellopsis murphyi gen. et spec. nov.: A new small celled freshwater diatom (Bacillariophyta, Eunotiales) from Zambia

FIGURES 1–20. LM images of Actinellopsis murphyi gen. et. spec. nov., valves from holotype D-NWU 12-349, Ntumbachushi Falls on Ngona River, in Zambia, showing the size range in valve view. Figs 1–16. Valve view. Figs 17–20. Girdle view. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 36–41 in Actinellopsis murphyi gen. et spec. nov.: A new small celled freshwater diatom (Bacillariophyta, Eunotiales) from Zambia

FIGURES 36–41. SEM images of valve interior of Actinellopsis murphyi gen. et. spec. nov. Figs 36–38. SEM images showing the internal valve view. Figs 39–41 SEM images of internal pole showing rimoportulae, helictoglossa and internal areolar openings. Scale bar = 10 µm (37), 5 µm (36, 38), 2 µm (40, 41), 1 µm (39).

FIGURES 26–35 in Actinellopsis murphyi gen. et spec. nov.: A new small celled freshwater diatom (Bacillariophyta, Eunotiales) from Zambia

FIGURES 26–35. SEM images of external head and foot poles of Actinellopsis murphyi gen. et. spec. nov. Figs 26–30. SEM images of external view of head pole. Figs 31–35. SEM images of external view of foot pole. Rimoportula opening (R). Scale bar = 3 µm (26, 27), 2 µm (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35).

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PLATE 8. Eunotia pseudoambivalens Q. Liu, S. L in New and Interesting Diatoms from the Shiwan Wetwalls, Yunnan Province, China. III. Valve ultrastructure of four new species of Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiales)

PLATE 8. Eunotia pseudoambivalens Q. Liu, S. L. Xie & Kociolek, sp. nov. Figures 60–65. Scanning electron microscope images. Figures 60–62, external views. Fig. 60. Whole valve view. A single, thick spine is present at each apex. Fig. 61. Apex of the valve showing spine with thick base, distal raphe end curving from the ventral mantle to the dorsal mantle. Areolae are occluded. Fig. 61. Mid-valve showing uniseriate striae with occlusions. Figs 63–65, internal views. Fig. 63. Whole valve with a pseudoseptum present at each apex. Fig. 64. Valve apex showing pseudoseptum, thickened rimoportula and helictoglossa. Fig. 65. Mid-valve with striae in trough-like openings.