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11 results for “Euparkerella”
Data from: Cryptic genetic diversity is paramount in small-bodied amphibians of the genus Euparkerella (Anura: Craugastoridae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Morphological similarity associated to restricted distributions and low dispersal abilities make the direct developing "Terrarana" frogs of the genus Euparkerella a good model for examining diversification processes. We here infer phylogenetic relationships within the genus Euparkerella, using DNA sequence data from one mitochondrial and four nuclear genes coupled with traditional Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction approaches and more recent coalescent methods of species tree inference. We also used Bayesian clustering analysis and a recent Bayesian coalescent-based approach specifically to infer species delimitation. The analysis of 39 individuals from the four known Euparkerella species uncovered high levels of genetic diversity, especially within the two previously morphologically-defined E. cochranae and E. brasiliensis. Within these species, the gene trees at five independent loci and trees from combined data (concatenated dataset and the species tree) uncovered six deeply diverged and geographically coherent evolutionary units, which may have diverged between the Miocene and the Pleistocene. These six units were also uncovered in the Bayesian clustering analysis, and supported by the Bayesian coalescent-based species delimitation (BPP), and Genealogical Sorting Index (GSI), providing thus strong evidence for underestimation of the current levels of diversity within Euparkerella. The cryptic diversity now uncovered opens new opportunities to examine the origins and maintenance of microendemism in the context of spatial heterogeneity and/or human induced fragmentation of the highly threatened Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot.
FIGURE 3 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 3. Distribution of 60 calls of five species of Euparkerella (males) along the first and second axes of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) generated from six acoustical variables. Note the five distinct clusters corresponding to five recognized species.
FIGURE 2 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 2. Distribution of 84 specimens of five species of Euparkerella (males and females) along the first and second axes of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) generated from six morphometric variables.
FIGURE 9 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 9. Euparkerella robusta from Mimoso do Sul, ES, Brazil. (A) Oscillogram and (B) audiospectrogram of an advertisement call (ASEC 17693) without frequency modulation. (C) Oscillogram of two pulses of an advertisement call (ASEC 17687) which presents the second amplitude peak and de periodic amplitude modulation at the end of the pulses. (D) Oscillogram, (E) audiospectrogram and (F) power spectrum of an advertisement call (ASEC 17684) which illustrates frequency modulation at the end of the pulses. Note the low number of pulses and their long duration. Audiospectrograms and power spectrums with Window function Hann, amplitude logarithmic, window size 512 samples, overlap 99%.
FIGURE 8 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 8. Distribution of the species of Euparkerella. Euparkerella brasiliensis (circle); E. cryptica sp. nov. (white star); E. cochranae (triangle); E. robusta (pentagon); E. tridactyla (square). White symbols represent type localities; black symbols indicate the provenances of the specimens examined from zoological collections; symbols marked with a cross indicate the provenances of the acoustically recorded specimens. The type locality of E. brasiliensis is not precisely known (Izecksohn 1988) and therefore, not shown.
FIGURE 7 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 7. (A–C) Euparkerella cryptica sp. nov. from Silva Jardim, RJ, Brazil. (A) Oscillogram, (B) audiospectrogram (C) and power spectrum of an advertisement call (ASEC 17678). Note the long duration and the presence of pulse clusters. (D–F) Euparkerella tridactyla from Santa Maria de Jetibá, ES, Brazil. (D) Oscillogram, (E) audiospectrogram (F) and power spectrum of an advertisement call (ASEC 17704). Note the long duration and high number of pulses. Audiospectrograms and power spectrums with window function Hann, amplitude logarithmic, window size 256 (B, C) and 512 (E, F) samples, overlap 99%.
FIGURE 1 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 1. Graphical illustration of terms used in the structural and temporal description of advertisement calls.
FIGURE 5 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 5. Euparkerella cryptica sp. nov. from Silva Jardim, RJ, Brazil, holotype (ZUFRJ 13281). Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head. Ventral views of the right hand (C) and foot (D).
FIGURE 4 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 4. Euparkerella cryptica sp. nov. from Silva Jardim, RJ, Brazil, holotype (ZUFRJ 13281, adult male, SVL 14.30 mm), in life. Frontal (A) and (B) dorsal views.
FIGURE 6 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 6. (A–E) Euparkerella cryptica sp. nov. from Silva Jardim, RJ, Brazil. (A) Ventral view of the left hand, holotype (ZUFRJ 13281). The arrow indicates the presence of digital pad and partially overlapped subarticular tubercle. (B) Ventral view of the left hand (MNRJ 85756). The arrow indicates the presence of a single digital pad. (C) Ventral view right hand (ZUFRJ 12851). The arrow indicates the presence of a digital pad and a subarticular tubercle. (D) Ventral view of the left foot (ZUFRJ 12645). The arrow and dashed line indicate the tip of the Toe V reaching near the middle of proximal subarticular tubercle of the Toe IV. (E) Ventral view of the right foot (ZUFRJ 12852). The arrow and dashed line indicate the tip of the Toe V extending beyond the proximal subarticular tubercle of the Toe IV. (F) Euparkerella tridactyla from Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil. Ventral view of the left hand (ZUFRJ 1928). Hand greatly reduced, with triangular fingers; Finger IV vestigial; digital tubercles and pads weakly developed and planar.
Data from: Cryptic genetic diversity is paramount in small-bodied amphibians of the genus Euparkerella (Anura: Craugastoridae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
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