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Fig. 5 in Morphological and Morphogenetic Redescriptions and SSU rRNA Gene-based Phylogeny of the Poorly-known Species Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 (Ciliophora, Euplotida)

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree based on SSU rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of Euplotes amieti (arrow) by Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI). Numbers near branches denote ML bootstrap value/BI posterior probability value. '–' indicates topologies that differ between the ML and BI phylogenies. Fully supported (100%/1.00) branches are marked with solid circles. All branches are drawn to scale. The scale bar corresponds to 5 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. GenBank accession numbers are given for each species. Systematic classification is mainly according to Lynn (2008). Euplotid clades I–VI were designated according to Yi et al. (2009).

Fig. 1. Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 in Morphological and Morphogenetic Redescriptions and SSU rRNA Gene-based Phylogeny of the Poorly-known Species Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 (Ciliophora, Euplotida)

Fig. 1. Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 in vivo (A), after protargol (B–D) and silver nitrate (E, F) impregnation. (A) Ventral view of a representative cell. Arrows indicate caudal cirri. (B) Different shapes of macronucleus. (C, D) Ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view, showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. Arrow shows the sigmoidal adoral zone. (E, F) Silverline system on ventral (E) and dorsal side (F). Arrow shows the sigmoidal adoral zone. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cirri; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri; PM, paroral membrane; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Fig. 4 in Morphological and Morphogenetic Redescriptions and SSU rRNA Gene-based Phylogeny of the Poorly-known Species Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 (Ciliophora, Euplotida)

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of Euplotes amieti during morphogenesis after protargol impregnation. (A) Ventral view of a middle divider showing the migration of cirri and the division of the macronucleus. (B, C) Ventral view of an early divider demonstrating two sets of frontal-ventral-transverse cirral streaks (arrowheads) and the oral primordium in opisthe (arrow). (D) To show new cirri derived from the frontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen. (E) Ventral view, arrows point to the paroral membrane (PM) in the proter and the development of the PM-anlage in the opisthe; arrowhead indicates the frontal cirrus I/1 in the opisthe formed de novo. (F) Ventral view, indicating the marginal anlagen of the proter (arrow) and the opisthe (arrowhead). (G) Arrowheads showing the dorsal kinety anlage of an early divider. (H) Portion of the ventral view, showing the marginal cirri in the proter (arrow) and the opisthe (arrowhead). (I) Dorsal view, arrowheads indicating the development of the dorsal kinety anlage. (J) Portion of the dorsal view, to show the newly formed caudal cirri in the proter (arrowheads). Scale bars: 100 μm.

Fig. 3 in Morphological and Morphogenetic Redescriptions and SSU rRNA Gene-based Phylogeny of the Poorly-known Species Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 (Ciliophora, Euplotida)

Fig. 3. Morphogenesis of Euplotes amieti after protargol impregnation. (A, B) Ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view of the same specimen at an early stage to show the five frontal-ventral-transverse cirral streaks and oral primordium within which membranelles are forming (arrow). (C, D) Ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of the same specimen at a middle stage to show the completion of the cirral formation, the differen- tiation of caudal cirri at posterior ends of the two rightmost dorsal anlagen (arrowheads), the de novo formation of the new marginal cirri and the frontal cirrus I/1 in both proter and opisthe (arrows). (E, F) Ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view, showing the migration of newly formed cirri and the development of dorsal kineties, arrowheads show the marginal cirri. (G, H) Ventral (G) and dorsal (H) side of the same divider at a late stage showing infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. Scale bars: A–D = 100 μm; E–H = 150 μm.

Fig. 5 in Cortical Localization of α- and γ-Tubulin and the Assembly of Cortical Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Hypotrichous Ciliate Euplotes eurystomus

Fig. 5. (A–D) Projections of the optical sections passing through the ventral surface of E. eurystomus cells in mitotic phase decorated with FLUTAX. Scale: 20 μm. (A) The AZM primordium appeared at the bottom-left of old AZM in the early stage of morphogenesis. (AZMP: adoral zone of membranelles primordium; UMP: undulating membrane primordium; arrow shows the UMP originated from the right side of AZMP). (B) The pattern of FVTC primordia was 3-3-3-2-2 from left to right, shown in a box (FVTCP: frontal–ventral–transverse cirri primordium; arrows show the blastema of ALM and PLM originating from the base of FVTCPs). (C) The AZM and UM of proter inherited the olds (white arrow), and those of opisthe were generated from the AZMP (black arrows show the primordium of the left marginal cirri). (D) Some old ciliary organelles still existed until the separation of the proter and opisthe (white arrows show the neonatal ALM and PLM; black arrows show the residual ALM; some old cirri are shown in the circle).

Fig. 3 in Cortical Localization of α- and γ-Tubulin and the Assembly of Cortical Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Hypotrichous Ciliate Euplotes eurystomus

Fig. 3. (A–C) Projection of optical section passing through the ventral surface of E. eurystomus cells decorated with the FLUTAX. Scale: 20 μm. (A) All the ventral ciliary organelles, and especially their base-associated microtubules, were strongly and clearly stained by FLUTAX (ALM: anterior longitudinal microtubules; PLM: posterior longitudinal microtubules; TM: transverse microtubules; PM: peripheral microtubules). (B) The microtubules associated with the adoral ciliary organelles were also marked by FLUTAX (SMB: small membranelle bracket; hollow arrow shows the microtubule fasolculus extending from the base of SMB; white arrow shows the microtubules in the adoral rib; black arrow shows the UM ciliary base–associated microtubules). (C) The FLUTAX decorated the short microtubular bundles between the bases of TCs (arrow).

Fig. 4 in Cortical Localization of α- and γ-Tubulin and the Assembly of Cortical Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Hypotrichous Ciliate Euplotes eurystomus

Fig. 4. (A–D) Projections of the optical sections passing through the dorsal cortex of E. eurystomus cells decorated with FLUTAX. Scale: 20 μm. (A) The leptos microtubular nets covered the dorsal cortex (arrow). (B) The longitudinal microtubules in the dorsal cortex (arrow). (C) The oblique microtubules in the dorsal cortex (arrow). (D) The dargyrome was faintly stained by the FLUTAX.

Fig. 1 in Cortical Localization of α- and γ-Tubulin and the Assembly of Cortical Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Hypotrichous Ciliate Euplotes eurystomus

Fig. 1. The permutation pattern of ciliary organelles in the ventral and dorsal of E. eurystomus cells (A, B). (A) The ventral ciliary pattern of E.eurystomus, (B) the dorsal ciliary pattern of E.eurystomus. (AZM: adoral zone of membranelles, OC: oral cirri; UM: undulating membranes, FVC: frontal–ventral cirri, TC: transverse cirri, CC: caudal cirri, LMC: left marginal cirri DK: dorsal kineties).

Figure 3 in The function of ciliopathy protein FOP on cilia and cortical microtubule cytoskeleton in Euplotes amieti

Figure 3. Protein loss and motility changes after RNAi. (A) Relative expression of basal body-associated protein BBS8. **P <0.01 vs the blank group, n = 3. (B) Relative expression of cilia assembly-related protein IFT88. **P <0.01 vs the blank group, n = 3. (C) Relative expression of basal body protein γ-tubulin. (D) The swimming tracks of Euplotes amieti during RNAi. The swimming speeds (n = 20). The FOPRNAi is the interference group, The Blank is the blank group (E) The swimming speeds of Euplotes amieti during RNAi (n = 20).

Fig. 2 in New record of five Euplotes species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) collected from South Korea

Fig. 2. Euplotes nobilii in vivo (A) and after protargol (B, C) and "wet" silver nitrate impregnation (D). A-C. Ventral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views showing the infraciliature. D. Dorsal view showing the argyrome pattern of double-patella type. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 30 μm (A), 20 μm (B-D).

Fig. 1 in New record of five Euplotes species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) collected from South Korea

Fig. 1. Euplotes focardii in vivo (A) and after protargol (B, C) and "wet" silver nitrate impregnation (D). A-D. Ventral (A, C) and dorsal (B, D) views of two specimens showing the infraciliature and the three ventral and six dorsal ridges. E. Dorsal argyrome in double-eurystomus pattern. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC; caudal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Fig. 4 in New record of five Euplotes species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) collected from South Korea

Fig. 4. Euplotes petzi after protargol (A, B) and after "wet" silver nitrate impregnation (C). A, B. Ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view of a representative specimen. Note the narrow separation between the two marginal cirri, a distinctive characteristic of this species. C. Dorsal view showing the argyrome in double-patella pattern. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC; caudal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri. Scale bars: 30 μm.

Fig. 5 in New record of five Euplotes species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) collected from South Korea

Fig. 5. Euplotes raikovi in vivo (A) and after protargol (B, C) and "wet" silver nitrate impregnation (D). A-C. Ventral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views of specimens showing the infraciliature and ventral and dorsal ridges. D. Silverline system on dorsal side of double-patella type. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirrus; MC, marginal cirri. Scale bars: 30 μm.

Fig. 3 in New record of five Euplotes species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) collected from South Korea

Fig. 3. Euplotes octocarinatus in vivo (A, B) and after protargol (C, D) and "wet" silver nitrate impregnation (E). A-D. Ventral (A, C) and dorsal (B, D) views of different specimens showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. E. Dorsal argyrome of double-patella type. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Figs 29–36 in Taxonomic Descriptions of Two Marine Ciliates, Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida), Collected from the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia

Figs 29–36. Photomicrographs of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. during binary division after protargol impregnation. 29, 32 – ventral and dorsal views of a specimen at an early stage of morphogenesis to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (29, arrowheads) and denote the parental dikinetids (32, arrowheads); 30, 33, 34 – ventral and dorsal views of a specimen at a slightly later stage of morphogenesis, to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen developed and broadened (30), the newly formed dorsal kineties anlagen (33, arrowheads) and the marginal anlagen (34, arrowheads); 31, 35, 36 – ventral and dorsal views of a specimen at middle-stage to show the rightmost frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (31, arrowheads), the migratory cirral anlage in the proter (31, double-arrowhead), the marginal cirral anlagen (31, arrows), the dorsal kineties anlagen (35, arrowheads) and the replication bands (36, arrowheads).

Figs 19–28 in Taxonomic Descriptions of Two Marine Ciliates, Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida), Collected from the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia

Figs 19–28. Photomicrographs of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. in vivo (19–25) and after protargol impregnation (26–28). 19, 20 – ventral views of different specimens, arrowheads in (19) to show the ventral ridges; 21 – dorsal view, arrowheads point to the dominant dorsal ridges; 22 – lateral view; 23 – ventral view of the posterior end, arrowhead marks the longest caudal cirrus; 24 – detailed dorsal view, arrowheads point to the apical view of the granules around the dorsal brush; 25 – arrowheads to show the lateral view of granules around the dorsal brush; 26 – arrow indicates the curved C-shaped macronucleus; 27, 28 – infraciliature on the ventral and dorsal sides, arrowheads indicate the dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Figs 1–9. Euplotes dammamensis n in Taxonomic Descriptions of Two Marine Ciliates, Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida), Collected from the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia

Figs 1–9. Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. in vivo (1–7) and after protargol impregnation (8, 9). 1, 2 – ventral views of different individuals, arrows indicate the longest caudal cirrus; 3 – dorsal view, showing the conspicuous ridges; 4 – lateral view; 5 – frontoventral cirri, arrows indicate the cortical granules around the cirri; 6 – apical view of the cortical granules distributed on the dorsal side; 7 – lateral view of the cortical granules; 8, 9 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, showing the general infraciliature and the micronucleus (arrow). AZM – adoral zone of membranelles, CC – caudal cirri, DK – dorsal kineties, FVC – frontoventral cirri, MC – marginal cirri, PM – paroral membrane, TC – transverse cirri, 1–11 – dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Fig. 91 in Taxonomic Descriptions of Two Marine Ciliates, Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida), Collected from the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia

Fig. 91. Phylogenetic tree inferred by Maximum Likelihood (ML) based on SSU-rRNA gene sequences, showing the positions of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (red highlighted). The topology of the tree constructed with Bayesian analysis (BI) was essentially identical. Fully supported (100%/1.00) branches are marked with solid circles. The scale bar corresponds to 2 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. Systematic classification follows Lynn (2008).

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Fig. 1A–P in Morphology and Ontogenesis of a Marine Ciliate, Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Euplotida) and Definition of Euplotes wilberti nov. spec.

Fig. 1A–P. Euplotes balteatus from life (A–G, L–N), after protargol (J, K, O, P) and silver nitrate (H, I) impregnation. A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view of a well-fed specimen; C – dorsal views showing general body shape; D – ventral view to demonstrate the arrangement of cirri; E, F – details of cell (ventral view), arrow and arrowhead in E indicate the left marginal cirri and paroral membrane respectively; arrows in F mark the dorsal cilia; G – arrows denote the transverse cirri; H, I – silverline system on dorsal and ventral sides respectively; J – macronucleus (arrows); K – infraciliature on ventral side; L – ventral view of a representative individual, arrow indicates the contractile vacuole; M – sub-pellicular rod-like structures around dorsal cilia; N – lateral view, to show the flattened body shape; O, P – ventral and dorsal views, to show the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. CC – caudal cirri, LMC – left marginal cirri, Ma – macronucleus, Mi – micronucleus, PM – paroral membrane. Scale bar: 40 µm.