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Fig. 5 in Morphological and Morphogenetic Redescriptions and SSU rRNA Gene-based Phylogeny of the Poorly-known Species Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 (Ciliophora, Euplotida)

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree based on SSU rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of Euplotes amieti (arrow) by Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI). Numbers near branches denote ML bootstrap value/BI posterior probability value. '–' indicates topologies that differ between the ML and BI phylogenies. Fully supported (100%/1.00) branches are marked with solid circles. All branches are drawn to scale. The scale bar corresponds to 5 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. GenBank accession numbers are given for each species. Systematic classification is mainly according to Lynn (2008). Euplotid clades I–VI were designated according to Yi et al. (2009).

Fig. 1. Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 in Morphological and Morphogenetic Redescriptions and SSU rRNA Gene-based Phylogeny of the Poorly-known Species Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 (Ciliophora, Euplotida)

Fig. 1. Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 in vivo (A), after protargol (B–D) and silver nitrate (E, F) impregnation. (A) Ventral view of a representative cell. Arrows indicate caudal cirri. (B) Different shapes of macronucleus. (C, D) Ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view, showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. Arrow shows the sigmoidal adoral zone. (E, F) Silverline system on ventral (E) and dorsal side (F). Arrow shows the sigmoidal adoral zone. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cirri; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri; PM, paroral membrane; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Fig. 4 in Morphological and Morphogenetic Redescriptions and SSU rRNA Gene-based Phylogeny of the Poorly-known Species Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 (Ciliophora, Euplotida)

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of Euplotes amieti during morphogenesis after protargol impregnation. (A) Ventral view of a middle divider showing the migration of cirri and the division of the macronucleus. (B, C) Ventral view of an early divider demonstrating two sets of frontal-ventral-transverse cirral streaks (arrowheads) and the oral primordium in opisthe (arrow). (D) To show new cirri derived from the frontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen. (E) Ventral view, arrows point to the paroral membrane (PM) in the proter and the development of the PM-anlage in the opisthe; arrowhead indicates the frontal cirrus I/1 in the opisthe formed de novo. (F) Ventral view, indicating the marginal anlagen of the proter (arrow) and the opisthe (arrowhead). (G) Arrowheads showing the dorsal kinety anlage of an early divider. (H) Portion of the ventral view, showing the marginal cirri in the proter (arrow) and the opisthe (arrowhead). (I) Dorsal view, arrowheads indicating the development of the dorsal kinety anlage. (J) Portion of the dorsal view, to show the newly formed caudal cirri in the proter (arrowheads). Scale bars: 100 μm.

Fig. 3 in Morphological and Morphogenetic Redescriptions and SSU rRNA Gene-based Phylogeny of the Poorly-known Species Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 (Ciliophora, Euplotida)

Fig. 3. Morphogenesis of Euplotes amieti after protargol impregnation. (A, B) Ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view of the same specimen at an early stage to show the five frontal-ventral-transverse cirral streaks and oral primordium within which membranelles are forming (arrow). (C, D) Ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of the same specimen at a middle stage to show the completion of the cirral formation, the differen- tiation of caudal cirri at posterior ends of the two rightmost dorsal anlagen (arrowheads), the de novo formation of the new marginal cirri and the frontal cirrus I/1 in both proter and opisthe (arrows). (E, F) Ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view, showing the migration of newly formed cirri and the development of dorsal kineties, arrowheads show the marginal cirri. (G, H) Ventral (G) and dorsal (H) side of the same divider at a late stage showing infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. Scale bars: A–D = 100 μm; E–H = 150 μm.

Fig. 6 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 6. Photomicrographs of Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. after protargol staining (A–I). (A–C) Opisthe's oral primordium at early dividers. (D) Proter's oral primordium. (E, F) Fontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen of early dividers. (G) A later divider showing the completion of development of oral primordium and cirral anlagen, arrows and arrow show newly formed ventral and frontal cirri respectively in the opisthe. (H, I) The same late divider showing the posterior part of adoral zone of membranelles (arrowheads) and the longest dorsal kinety 3 (arrows). AZM1, the anterior part of adoral zone of membranelles; CA, cirral anlagen; CC, caudal cirri; LMC, left marginal cirri; OP, opisthe's oral primordium; POP, proter's oral primordium; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Fig. 7 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 7. Phylogenetic tree inferred by ML and BI of SSU rRNA gene sequences. Numbers near branches denote ML bootstraps value/BI posterior probability value. '*' indicates topology that differ between ML and BI phylogenies. All branches are drawn to scale. The scale bar corresponds to 5 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. GenBank accession numbers are given for each species. Classification is mainly according to Lynn (2008).

Fig. 4 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 4. Microphotographs of Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. from life (A–L). (A, C, D) Ventral views of different cells, showing variation of body shape, arrow shows cilia in AZM1. (B) Dorsal view showing inclusions, a small spur-like protrusion (arrow in B), and anterior membranelles (arrow in D). (E) Partially lateral view. (F) Anterior portion showing spur-like bulge (arrow) at anterior margin of body and AZM1. (G) Ventral view of posterior part showing AZM2, and small left marginal cirrus (arrow). (H) Ventral view of anterior part, showing frontal cirri. (I) Ventral view of posterior part, showing the fine rightmost transverse cirrus (arrow) and left marginal cirri. (J) Ventral view, showing two fine ventral cirri (arrows). (K) Depicting dorsal bristles. (L) Dorsal view, to show caudal cirri located at concave area and dorsal grooves (arrows). AZM1,2, anterior and proximal part of adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cirri; FC, frontal cirri; LMC, left marginal cirri; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Fig. 5 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. after protargol staining (A–I). (A–C, I) Ventral and dorsal views of specimens at interphase, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow showing the small left marginal cirrus. (D, E) Anterior view, to show AZM1 and frontal cirri. (F) Arrows show two fine ventral cirri. (G, H) Depicting AZM2 and left marginal cirri. AZM1,2, anterior and proximal part of adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cirri; DK3, dorsal kinety 3; FC, frontal cirri; LMC, left marginal cirri; Ma, macronuclear nodule; PM, paroral membrane; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Fig. 3 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 3. Morphogenesis of Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. after protargol staining (A–F). (A, B) Ventral and dorsal view of the same late divider, showing migration of new structures and the formation of spherical fused macronucleus. (C, D) Ventral and dorsal view of the same late divider, five new membranelles combine with six retained membranelles to form anterior part of adoral zone of membranelles in the proter, the macronucleus dividing once. (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of the same daughter cell just after fusion, showing infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Fig. 2 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 2. Morphogenesis of Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. after protargol staining (A–F). (A, B) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrows in A and B show cirral anlagen and two caudal cirri in the rightmost dorsal kinety anlagen of both proter and opisthe, respectively, arrowheads in A and B mark left marginal anlagen and replication bands, respectively. (C) Ventral view of a middle divider, arrowheads mark the development of left marginal anlagen. (D) Ventral view of a middle divider, showing the formation of paroral membrane anlagen and the segmentation of cirral anlagen (arrows), dedifferentiation of the old paroral membrane. (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of the same late divider, showing the formation of new membranelles and cirri and other dorsal kineties anlagen, arrows show de novo formation of a frontal cirrus beside new paroral membrane OP, opisthe's oral primordium; PMA, paroral membrane anlage; POP, proter's oral primordium. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Fig. 1. Uronychia xinjiangensis n in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 1. Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. in vivo (A) and after protargol staining (B–F). (A) Ventral view of a representative individual. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal view of the holotype specimen, showing the ciliature and nuclear apparatus. Frontal-midventral-transverse cirri which originate from the same anlage are connected by a broken line. (D) Ventral view of an early divider, showing the formation of cirral anlagen and OP. (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of the same early divider, showing the development of cirral anlagen and OP as well the formation of proter's oral primodirum, left marginal anlagen (arrows in E) and replication bands (arrow in F) and dorsal kinety anlagen in the two rightmost old structures; arrowhead indicates short cirral anlage. AZM1,2, anterior and proximal part of adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CA, cirral anlagen; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; FC, frontal cirri; LMC, left marginal cirri; Ma, macronuclear nodule; OP, opisther's oral primodium; PM, paroral membrane; POP, proter's oral primordium; TC, transverse cirri; VC, ventral cirri. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Figs 29–36 in Taxonomic Descriptions of Two Marine Ciliates, Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida), Collected from the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia

Figs 29–36. Photomicrographs of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. during binary division after protargol impregnation. 29, 32 – ventral and dorsal views of a specimen at an early stage of morphogenesis to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (29, arrowheads) and denote the parental dikinetids (32, arrowheads); 30, 33, 34 – ventral and dorsal views of a specimen at a slightly later stage of morphogenesis, to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen developed and broadened (30), the newly formed dorsal kineties anlagen (33, arrowheads) and the marginal anlagen (34, arrowheads); 31, 35, 36 – ventral and dorsal views of a specimen at middle-stage to show the rightmost frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (31, arrowheads), the migratory cirral anlage in the proter (31, double-arrowhead), the marginal cirral anlagen (31, arrows), the dorsal kineties anlagen (35, arrowheads) and the replication bands (36, arrowheads).

Figs 19–28 in Taxonomic Descriptions of Two Marine Ciliates, Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida), Collected from the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia

Figs 19–28. Photomicrographs of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. in vivo (19–25) and after protargol impregnation (26–28). 19, 20 – ventral views of different specimens, arrowheads in (19) to show the ventral ridges; 21 – dorsal view, arrowheads point to the dominant dorsal ridges; 22 – lateral view; 23 – ventral view of the posterior end, arrowhead marks the longest caudal cirrus; 24 – detailed dorsal view, arrowheads point to the apical view of the granules around the dorsal brush; 25 – arrowheads to show the lateral view of granules around the dorsal brush; 26 – arrow indicates the curved C-shaped macronucleus; 27, 28 – infraciliature on the ventral and dorsal sides, arrowheads indicate the dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Figs 1–9. Euplotes dammamensis n in Taxonomic Descriptions of Two Marine Ciliates, Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida), Collected from the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia

Figs 1–9. Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. in vivo (1–7) and after protargol impregnation (8, 9). 1, 2 – ventral views of different individuals, arrows indicate the longest caudal cirrus; 3 – dorsal view, showing the conspicuous ridges; 4 – lateral view; 5 – frontoventral cirri, arrows indicate the cortical granules around the cirri; 6 – apical view of the cortical granules distributed on the dorsal side; 7 – lateral view of the cortical granules; 8, 9 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, showing the general infraciliature and the micronucleus (arrow). AZM – adoral zone of membranelles, CC – caudal cirri, DK – dorsal kineties, FVC – frontoventral cirri, MC – marginal cirri, PM – paroral membrane, TC – transverse cirri, 1–11 – dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Fig. 91 in Taxonomic Descriptions of Two Marine Ciliates, Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida), Collected from the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia

Fig. 91. Phylogenetic tree inferred by Maximum Likelihood (ML) based on SSU-rRNA gene sequences, showing the positions of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (red highlighted). The topology of the tree constructed with Bayesian analysis (BI) was essentially identical. Fully supported (100%/1.00) branches are marked with solid circles. The scale bar corresponds to 2 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. Systematic classification follows Lynn (2008).

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Fig. 1A–P in Morphology and Ontogenesis of a Marine Ciliate, Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Euplotida) and Definition of Euplotes wilberti nov. spec.

Fig. 1A–P. Euplotes balteatus from life (A–G, L–N), after protargol (J, K, O, P) and silver nitrate (H, I) impregnation. A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view of a well-fed specimen; C – dorsal views showing general body shape; D – ventral view to demonstrate the arrangement of cirri; E, F – details of cell (ventral view), arrow and arrowhead in E indicate the left marginal cirri and paroral membrane respectively; arrows in F mark the dorsal cilia; G – arrows denote the transverse cirri; H, I – silverline system on dorsal and ventral sides respectively; J – macronucleus (arrows); K – infraciliature on ventral side; L – ventral view of a representative individual, arrow indicates the contractile vacuole; M – sub-pellicular rod-like structures around dorsal cilia; N – lateral view, to show the flattened body shape; O, P – ventral and dorsal views, to show the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. CC – caudal cirri, LMC – left marginal cirri, Ma – macronucleus, Mi – micronucleus, PM – paroral membrane. Scale bar: 40 µm.

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Fig. 3A–O in Morphology and Ontogenesis of a Marine Ciliate, Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Euplotida) and Definition of Euplotes wilberti nov. spec.

Fig. 3A–O. Photomicrographs of Euplotes balteatus during binary division after protargol impregnation. A – ventral view of an early divider, arrowheads mark the frontoventral transverse cirral anlagen (FVT-anlagen), arrow indicates the oral primordium of the opisthe; B – dorsal view of the same specimen as A, arrows denote the parental dorsal kineties; C, D – ventral and dorsal views of the same early divider; E – ventral view, arrows indicate the FVT-anlagen; F – ventral view, arrow depicts the migratory cirri anlage in the proter; G – dorsal view of the same divider as F, arrows mark the dorsal kinety anlagen; H, I – ventral and dorsal views of the same mid-divider, arrows and arrowhead in H indicate the newly formed frontoventral transverse cirri and migratory cirral anlage in the proter respectively, arrows in I mark the gaps between the dorsal kinety anlagen in both dividers; J, K – ventral and dorsal views of the same divider, arrows in K mark the dorsal kinety anlagen; L – ventral view, to show the marginal cirral anlagen in the proter (arrow); M, N – ventral and dorsal views of the same late divider, arrows mark the new caudal cirri; O – ventral view of a late divider, arrow indicates the new migratory cirri in the proter. Scale bar: 40 µm.

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Fig. 4A–K in Morphology and Ontogenesis of a Marine Ciliate, Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Euplotida) and Definition of Euplotes wilberti nov. spec.

Fig. 4A–K. Euplotes balteatus and Euplotes wilberti nov. spec. from life (A, G), after protargol (D, J, K) and silver nitrate (B, C, E, F, H, I) impregnation. Arrows point to the marginal cirri. A – ventral view of Euplotes balteatus, to show the ventral ciliature (from Kahl 1932); B, C – ventral and dorsal views of Euplotes balteatus, showing the silverline systerm (from Tuffrau 1964); D – Euplotes balteatus, to show variations in the shape of the macronucleus; E, F – ventral and dorsal views showing the silverline system; G–K – Euplotes wilberti nov. spec., to show the live morphology (G), silverline system (H, I), infraciliature (J, K) and macronucleus (K) (from Song and Wilbert 2002). Scale bar: 30 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2019View details →

Fig. 3 in Redescriptions of Euplotes encysticus and E. rariseta (Protist: Ciliophora: Euplotida)

Fig. 3. Micrographs of excystment of Euplotes encysticus. (a) Cyst of cell 1, (b-j) time series lasting 6 minutes 52 seconds documenting excystment of cell 2, (i) empty cyst and trophozoit, (j) trophozoit. All images are DIC images. Scale bar in (j) = 25 μm.