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27 results for “European badger”
Fig. 4 in Home Ranges Of The Red Fox, Vulpes Vulpes (Carnivora, Canidae) And European Badger, Meles Meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae), In Oak Forests Of Slobozhanshchyna, Ukraine
Fig. 4. Winter average monthly temperatures in Kharkiv City in 2007–2009 and 2011 (http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru).
Figure 7 in Cranial variation in the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Scandinavia
Figure 7. Bivariate plots of the multidimensional scaling (MDS) axes (E1 and K1) for three morphological forms of the European badger: 1, 'non–Fennoscandian'; 2, 'south-western Norwegian'; 3, 'main Fennoscandian'; A, males; B, females.
Figure 5 in Cranial variation in the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Scandinavia
Figure 5. The ranges of the 'south-western Norwegian' and 'main Fennoscandian' badgers, based on posterior classification probabilities: 0–0.3, 'main Fennoscandian' badgers; 0.3–0.6, classification unclear (6.2%); 0.6–1.0, 'south-western Norwegian' badgers.
Figure 3 in Cranial variation in the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Scandinavia
Figure 3. Bivariate plots of the most important multidimensional scaling (MDS) axes (E1 and K1) for two morphological clusters of the European badger: 1, 'non-Fennoscandian'; 2, 'Fennoscandian'. A, males. B, females.
Figure 2 in Cranial variation in the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Scandinavia
Figure 2. Measurements taken of the badger skulls: 1, condylobasal length; 2, neurocranium length; 3, viscerocranium length; 4, minimum palatal width; 5, palatal length; 6, maxillary tooth-row length; 7, length of upper carnassial tooth Pm4; 8, greatest length between oral border of the auditory bulla and aboral border of the occipital condyle; 9, length of the auditory bulla; 10, zygomatic width; 11, mastoid width of skull; 12, postorbital width; 13, interorbital width; 14, width of rostrum; 15, greatest palatal width; 16, width of the auditory bulla; 17, width of upper molar M1; 18, cranial height; 19, total length of the mandible; 20, length between the angular process and the infradentale; 21, mandibular tooth-row length; 22, length of lower carnassial tooth M1; 23, height of the vertical mandibular ramus; 24, length of upper molar M1; 25, length of upper canine; 26, width of upper canine; 27, length of lower molar M; 28, width of lower molar M; 29, 2 2 talonid length of lower carnassial tooth M1; 30, length of lower premolar Pm2.
Figure 1 in Cranial variation in the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Scandinavia
Figure 1. Range of the European badger (Meles meles) (1), and localities of the specimens included in this study (2).
Fig. 2 in Home Ranges Of The Red Fox, Vulpes Vulpes (Carnivora, Canidae) And European Badger, Meles Meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae), In Oak Forests Of Slobozhanshchyna, Ukraine
Fig. 2. Examples of determination the family home range boundaries in 1) foxes and 2) badgers.
Fig. 5 in Home Ranges Of The Red Fox, Vulpes Vulpes (Carnivora, Canidae) And European Badger, Meles Meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae), In Oak Forests Of Slobozhanshchyna, Ukraine
Fig. 5. Fox family home ranges in May–June in 2007-2009 and 2011 in Gomilshanski Lisy NNP.
European badger (Meles meles) responses to low-intensity, selective culling: using mark recapture and relatedness data to assess social perturbation
<p>Culling the main wildlife host of bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain (GB) and Ireland, the European badger (Meles meles) to reduce infections in cattle, has been employed in both territories. In GB, this has been controversial, with results suggesting that culling induces disturbance to badger social structure, facilitating wider disease dissemination. Previous analyses hypothesized that even very low-level, selective culling may cause similar deleterious effects by increasing ranging of individuals and greater mixing between social-groups. To assess this hypothesis, a novel, prospective, landscape-scale 'before-and-after' Test and vaccinate or remove (TVR) study was implemented. Test-positive badgers were culled and test-negative badgers were BCG vaccinated and released. Mark-recapture metrics of badger ranging and genetic metrics of social group relatedness did not change significantly over the study period. However, selective culling was associated with a localised reduction in social-group relatedness in culled groups. Synthesis and application: Ecological context is important; extrapolation across territories and other disease epidemiological-systems (epi-systems) is likely to be challenging. However, we demonstrate that small-scale, selective removal of test-positive badgers was not associated with metrics of increased ranging but was associated with localised changes in social-group relatedness. This adds to the evidence base on badger control options for policy makers.</p>
European badger (Meles meles) responses to low-intensity, selective culling: using mark recapture and relatedness data to assess social perturbation
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Data from: Reproductive biology including evidence for superfetation in the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora: Mustelidae)
The reproductive biology of the European badger (Meles meles) is of wide interest because it is one of the few mammal species that show delayed implantation and one of only five which are suggested to show superfetation as a reproductive strategy. This study aimed to describe the reproductive biology of female Irish badgers with a view to increasing our understanding of the process of delayed implantation and superfetation. We carried out a detailed histological examination of the reproductive tract of 264 female badgers taken from sites across 20 of the 26 counties in the Republic of Ireland. The key results show evidence of multiple blastocysts at different stages of development present simultaneously in the same female, supporting the view that superfetation is relatively common in this population of badgers. In addition we present strong evidence that the breeding rate in Irish badgers is limited by failure to conceive, rather than failure at any other stages of the breeding cycle. We show few effects of age on breeding success, suggesting no breeding suppression by adult females in this population. The study sheds new light on this unusual breeding strategy of delayed implantation and superfetation, and highlights a number of significant differences between the reproductive biology of female Irish badgers and those of Great Britain and Swedish populations.
On following pages: 3. Hog Badger (Arctonyx collaris); 4. Japanese Badger (Meles anakuma); 5. Asian Badger (Meles leucurus): 6. European Badger (Meles meles). in Mustelidae
On following pages: 3. Hog Badger (Arctonyx collaris); 4. Japanese Badger (Meles anakuma); 5. Asian Badger (Meles leucurus): 6. European Badger (Meles meles).
Data from: Seasonal variation in daily patterns of social contacts in the European badger Meles meles
Social interactions among hosts influence the persistence and spread of infectious pathogens. Daily and seasonal variation in the frequency and type of social interactions will play an important role in disease epidemiology and, alongside other factors, may have an influence on wider disease dynamics by causing seasonal forcing of infection, especially if the seasonal variation experienced by a population is considerable. We explored temporal variation in within-group contacts in a high-density population of European badgers Meles meles naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis). Summer contacts were more likely and of longer duration during the daytime, while the frequency and duration of winter contacts did not differ between day and night. In spring and autumn, within-group contacts peaked at dawn and dusk, corresponding with when they were of shortest duration with reduced potential for aerosol transmission of pathogens. Summer and winter could be critical for transmission of M. bovis in badgers, due to the high frequency and duration of contacts during resting periods, and we discuss the links between this result and empirical disease data. This study reveals clear seasonality in daily patterns of contact frequency and duration in species living in stable social groups, suggesting that changes in social contacts could drive seasonal forcing of infection in wildlife populations even when the number of individuals interacting remains similar.
Data from: Pathogen burden, co-infection and major histocompatibility complex variability in the European badger (Meles meles)
Pathogen-mediated selection is thought to maintain the extreme diversity in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, operating through the heterozygote advantage, rare-allele advantage and fluctuating selection mechanisms. Heterozygote advantage (i.e., recognizing and binding a wider range of antigens than homozygotes) is expected to be more detectable when multiple pathogens are considered simultaneously. Here, we test if MHC diversity in a wild population of European badgers (Meles meles) is driven by pathogen-mediated selection. We examined individual prevalence (infected or not), infection intensity and co-infection of 13 pathogens from a range of taxa, and examined their relationships with MHC class I and class II variability. This population has a variable, but relatively low, number of MHC alleles and is infected by a variety of naturally-occurring pathogens, making it very suitable for the investigation of MHC-pathogen relationships. We found associations between pathogen infections and specific MHC haplotypes and alleles. Co-infection status was not correlated with MHC heterozygosity, but there was evidence of heterozygote advantage against individual pathogen infections. This suggests that rare-allele advantages and/or fluctuating selection, as well as heterozygote advantage are likely to be the selective forces shaping MHC diversity in this species. We show stronger evidence for MHC-associations with infection intensity than for prevalence, and conclude that examining both pathogen prevalence and infection intensity is important. Moreover, examination of a large number and diversity of pathogens, and both MHC class I and II genes (which have different functions), provide an improved understanding of the mechanisms driving MHC diversity.
Data from: The population and landscape genetics of the European badger (Meles meles) in Ireland.
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Data from: Re-visiting the phylogeography and demography of European badgers (Meles meles) based on broad sampling, multiple markers and simulations
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Data from: Pathogen burden, co-infection and major histocompatibility complex variability in the European badger (Meles meles)
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Data from: MHC class II assortative mate choice in European badgers (Meles meles)
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Data from: Seasonal variation in daily patterns of social contacts in the European badger Meles meles
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Data from: Reproductive biology including evidence for superfetation in the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora: Mustelidae)
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