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Forest disturbances in Europe mapped at high spatial detail and in near-real-time: Logging in protected Estonian forests
<p><strong>Data description</strong></p> <p>These datasets were generated for the Geostory "Forest disturbances in Europe mapped at high spatial detail and in near-real-time: Logging in protected Estonian forests" in the context of the Open Earth Monitor Cyberinfrastructure project.</p> <p>We used open source high-resolution Sentinel-1 satellite data to develop a wall-to-wall map of forest disturbances in the four-year period between the start of 2020 and end of 2023 in Estonia. First results are presented. The methodology is based on RADD-alerts developed for the pan-tropics (Reiche et al. 2021). Three years (2017-2019) of imagery was used as a historical period, and detections were generated for ~4 years (2020-2023). Winter images from November through March were not included as frozen conditions can introduce false detections. This will be addressed in the next version. Disclaimer: Disturbance maps have not been validated.</p> <p>Two additional layers are provided for visualization: a forest baseline layer (<em>forestcover</em>), masking out non-forest disturbance detections, was derived from Copernicus 10m 2018 forest cover density and GLAD 30m 2019 tree removal datasets, and a protected areas layer (<em>natura</em>), which displays the extent of Natura 2000 coverage in Estonia.</p> <p>'.SLD' files are provided for visualization (note: the <em>disturbance</em> .SLC file must be adjusted to contain appropriate time reference fields).</p> <p><strong>Naming Convention</strong></p> <p>To ensure consistency and ease of use across and within the projects, we follow the standard Open-Earth-Monitor file-naming convention. The convention works with 10 fields that describes important properties of the data. In this way users can search files, prepare data analysis etc, without needing to open files. For instance:</p> <ul> <li>disturbance_radd_c_10m_s_20200101_20200131_eu_epsg.3035_v20240222.tif</li> </ul> <p>with the following fields:</p> <ul> <li>Generic variable name: <strong>disturbance</strong></li> <li>Variable procedure combination i.e. method standard: <strong>radd</strong></li> <li>Position in the probability distribution / variable type: <strong>c</strong></li> <li>Spatial support: <strong>10m</strong></li> <li>Depth reference or depth interval e.g. below ("b"), above ("a") ground or at surface ("s"): <strong>s</strong></li> <li>Time reference begin time (YYYYMMDD): <strong>20200101</strong></li> <li>Time reference end time: <strong>20200131</strong></li> <li>Bounding box (2 letters max): <strong>eu </strong></li> <li>EPSG code: <strong>epsg.3035</strong></li> <li>Version code i.e. creation date: <strong>v20240222</strong></li> </ul> <p><strong>Source Data</strong></p> <p>Disturbance maps:</p> <p>Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data [2017-2023] and Generated using European Union's EEA-10 Copernicus DEM; https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</p> <p>Forest baseline:</p> <p>Generated using European Union's Copernicus Land Monitoring Service information; https://doi.org/10.2909/486f77da-d605-423e-93a9-680760ab6791 and GLAD tree removal; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113797</p> <p>Natura 2000: </p> <p>Generated using European Environmental Agency's Natura 2000 layers; https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/dae737fd-7ee1-4b0a-9eb7-1954eec00c65</p>
Multiscale Land Surface Parameters for Europe
<p><strong>General Description</strong></p> <p>The <em>Multiscale Land Surface Parameters for Europe</em> dataset is derived from <a href="../records/7676373">Global Ensemble DTM</a>. Data is computed using GRASS GIS and SAGA GIS. Original DTM data is in projection EPSG:4326, and reprojects to Equi7 (EPSG:27704), computes the parameters, and eventually reprojects to EPSG:3035. High resolution layers (120m downward in geo-hydrological parameters and 60m downward in others) are computed in tiles. In order to eliminate boundary effects and reprojection resampling, Regional land surface parameters have 3400 pixels overlap and local land surface 100 pixels overlap. Below is the list of land-surface parameters.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Local land-surface parameter</strong></li> </ul> <p><strong>slope in degree (slope): </strong>steepness at each cell</p> <p><strong>hillshade:</strong> visualizing of terrain determined by a light source and the slope and aspect of the elevation surface</p> <p><strong>easterness: </strong>cosine of aspect</p> <p><strong>northerness:</strong> sine of aspect</p> <p><strong>minimum curvature (minic): </strong>valleys in negative value and local convex landform in positive value</p> <p><strong>maximum curvature (maxic):</strong> ridges in positive values and local concave landform in negative value</p> <p><strong>positive openness (pos.openness): </strong>the "dominance" of an elevated location over its surroundings</p> <p><strong>negative openness (neg.openness):</strong> the "enclosure" of a lower location by elevated surroundings</p> <ul> <li><strong>Regional land-surface parameter</strong></li> </ul> <p><strong>sink removal DTM (nosink)</strong></p> <p><strong>flow accumulation (flow.accum): </strong>depiction of the flow convergence upslope pixels to downslope pixels</p> <p><strong>geomorphon classes (geomorphon):</strong> 9 terrain forms based on the line-of-sight neighbor pixels</p> <p><strong>specific catchment area (spec.catch.area.factor):</strong> the total catchment area divided by flow width</p> <p><strong>topographic wetness index (twi):</strong> a parameter describing the tendency of a cell to accumulate water</p> <p><strong>slope length and steepness factor (ls.factor):</strong> the S-factor measures the effect of slope steepness, and the L-factor defines the impact of slope length.</p> <p><strong>Data Details</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Time period:</strong> January 2000 – December 2022</li> <li><strong>Type of data:</strong> Land surface parameters of geomorphometry</li> <li><strong>How the data was collected or derived:</strong> Derived from <a href="../records/7676373">Global Ensemble DTM</a> in 30m using GRASS GIS and SAGA GIS running in a local HPC.</li> <li><strong>Coordinate reference system:</strong> EPSG:3035</li> <li><strong>Bounding box (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax):</strong> (900000 899000 7401000 5501000)</li> <li><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong> 60m, 120m, 240m, 480m, 960m</li> <li><strong>Image size: </strong>108,350 x 76,700; 54,175 x 38,350; 54,175 x 38,350; 13,544 x 9,588; 6,772 x 4,794<strong> </strong></li> <li><strong>File format:</strong> Cloud Optimized Geotiff (COG) format.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Support</strong></p> <p>If you discover a bug, artifact, or inconsistency, or if you have a question please raise a GitHub issue: <a href="https://github.com/AI4SoilHealth/SoilHealthDataCube/issues">https://github.com/AI4SoilHealth/SoilHealthDataCube/issues</a></p> <p><strong>Name convention</strong></p> <p>To ensure consistency and ease of use across and within the projects, we follow the standard Open-Earth-Monitor file-naming convention. The convention works with 10 fields that describes important properties of the data. In this way users can search files, prepare data analysis etc, without needing to open files. The fields are:</p> <ol> <li><strong>generic variable name:</strong> slope = slope in degree</li> <li><strong>variable procedure combination:</strong> edtm = Ensemble digital terrain model</li> <li><strong>Position in the probability distribution / variable type:</strong> m = measurement</li> <li><strong>Spatial support:</strong> 60m, 120m, 240m, 480m, 960m</li> <li><strong>Depth reference:</strong> s = surface</li> <li><strong>Time reference begin time:</strong> 20000101 = 2000-01-01</li> <li><strong>Time reference end time:</strong> 20221231 = 2022-12-31</li> <li><strong>Bounding box:</strong> eu = Europe</li> <li><strong>EPSG code:</strong> epsg.3035 = EPSG:3035</li> <li><strong>Version code:</strong> v20240528 = 2024-05-28 (creation date)</li> </ol>
High-frequency dissolved oxygen, water temperature, wind speed, and radiation data; stream and in-lake nutrient concentration data; and daily metabolism and nutrient loading estimates for 16 lakes in North America and Northern Europe.
In lakes, ecosystem structure and processes are influenced by gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R), and net ecosystem production (NEP). The rates of these metabolic processes are often controlled by resource availability, which often reflects catchment loads. Although the relationship between catchment loads and in-lake nutrient concentrations may be well defined in specific lakes, we explored how watershed vs. in-lake predictors of metabolism compare across lake types. To do this, we combined stream loads of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) with high frequency in situ monitoring of lake metabolism and in-lake C, N, and P concentrations from 16 lakes spanning a range of latitudes (39 to 64 degrees N), inflowing stream (0 - 6 streams), and trophic status (oligotrophic to eutrophic). The data package includes high-frequency dissolved oxygen, water temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation data as well as daily estimates of GPP, R, and NEP derived from those data. In addition, the data package includes in-lake and stream concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus and stream discharge data. The package also includes estimates of daily carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus loading to each lake derived from the stream concentrations and discharge.
Northwest Europe NEMO-ERSEM ocean model hindcast and climate projection under RCP8.5
<p>Dataset of model hindcast and climate projection data from a NEMO-ERSEM simulation of the 7km-resolution Atlantic Margin Model (AMM7). Model description and data are presented in </p> <p>Wakelin, S. L., Y. Artioli, J. T. Holt, M. Butenschön, and J. Blackford (2020), Controls on near-bed oxygen concentration on the Northwest European Continental Shelf under a potential future climate scenario, Progress in Oceanography, 102400. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102400.</p> <p>Coupled NEMO-ERSEM model simulations are used to study temperature, salinity and near-bed oxygen concentrations on the northwest European Continental Shelf (NWES). Data are from a hindcast (1980 to 2007) and a climate projection (1980 to 2099) under the RCP8.5 climate emissions scenario.</p> <p>The climate projection (1980 to 2099) under the RCP8.5 climate emissions scenario is described as experiment E1 in</p> <p>Holt, J., J. Polton, J. Huthnance, S. Wakelin, E. O'Dea, J. Harle, A. Yool, Y. Artioli, J. Blackford, J. Siddorn, and M. Inall (2018), Climate-Driven Change in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans Can Greatly Reduce the Circulation of the North Sea, Geophysical Research Letters, 45(21), 11,827-811,836. doi: 10.1029/2018gl078878.</p> <p>The dataset consists of </p> <ul> <li>Hindcast simulation data</li> </ul> <ol> <li>AMM7_hindcast_3D_S_1980_2007.nc - monthly mean salinity fields.</li> <li>AMM7_hindcast_3D_T_1980_2007.nc - monthly mean temperature fields.</li> <li>AMM7_hindcast_near_bed_O2o_1980_2007.nc - near-bed oxygen concentrations on the NWES.</li> </ol> <ul> <li>Climate projection data</li> </ul> <ol> <li>AMM7_RCP8_5_3D_S_1980_2099.nc - monthly mean salinity fields.</li> <li>AMM7_RCP8_5_3D_T_1980_2099.nc - monthly mean temperature fields.</li> <li>AMM7_RCP8_5_3D_U_1980_2099.nc - monthly mean eastwards currents.</li> <li>AMM7_RCP8_5_3D_V_1980_2099.nc - monthly mean northwards currents.</li> <li>AMM7_RCP8_5_near_bed_1980_2099.nc - monthly mean near-bed oxygen concentrations and near-bed bacterial respiration on the NWES.</li> <li>AMM7_RCP8_5_netPP_1980_2099.nc - monthly mean depth integrated net primary production.</li> </ol>
Continental Europe Digital Terrain Model geomorphometry derivatives at 30 m, 100 m and 250 m
<p>Digital Terrain Model geomorphometry derivatives based on the DTM for Continental Europe using the <a href="https://epsg.io/3035">EPSG:3035</a> projection system. Processed using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/">SAGA GIS</a>, <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass78/">GRASS 7 GIS</a> and <a href="https://gdal.org/programs/gdaldem.html">GDAL</a> at 3 standard spatial resolutions: 30-m, 100-m and 250-m. Derivatives include:</p> <ul> <li>devmean = deviation from mean value derived using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/saga_tool_doc/7.4.0/statistics_grid_1.html">SAGA GIS</a>,</li> <li>downlocal / down = downslope local and general curvature derived using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/saga_tool_doc/7.1.1/ta_morphometry_26.html">SAGA GIS</a>,</li> <li>hillshade = hillshading derived using using GDAL <a href="https://gdal.org/programs/gdaldem.html">gdaldem</a> functions,</li> <li>mnr = Module Melton Ruggedness Number derived using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/saga_tool_doc/2.2.4/ta_hydrology_23.html">SAGA GIS</a>,</li> <li>northerness/easterness = derived using <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass78/manuals/addons/r.northerness.easterness.html">GRASS 7 GIS</a>,</li> <li>openp / openn = openness positive negative derived using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/saga_tool_doc/2.2.5/ta_lighting_5.html">SAGA GIS</a>,</li> <li>slope = slope in percent derived using GDAL <a href="https://gdal.org/programs/gdaldem.html">gdaldem</a> functions,</li> <li>topidx = a topographic index (wetness index) derived using <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass76/manuals/r.topidx.html">GRASS 7 GIS</a>,</li> <li>tpi = Topographic Wetness Index derived using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/saga_tool_doc/2.1.3/ta_hydrology_20.html">SAGA GIS</a>,</li> <li>vbf = Multiresolution Index of Valley Bottom Flatness derived using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/saga_tool_doc/2.2.6/ta_morphometry_8.html">SAGA GIS</a>,</li> </ul> <p>Detailed processing steps can be found <a href="https://gitlab.com/geoharmonizer_inea/spatial-layers"><strong>here</strong></a>. Read more about the processing steps <a href="https://opendatascience.eu/building-continental-europe-digital-terrain-model-30-m-resolution-using-machine-learning"><strong>here</strong></a>.</p> <p>Derivatives were chosen aiming to support soil and vegetation mapping projects. The slope.percent map at 30-m has been converted from 0-100% scale to 0-200% (Byte format) to help decrease the file size.</p>
Occurrence cubes for non-native taxa in Belgium and Europe
<p>This package contains aggregated occurrence data ("occurrence cubes") for non-native taxa in Belgium and Europe. These occurrence cubes were generated by grouping species occurrence data from the <a href="https://www.gbif.org/">Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)</a> by year (year), 1x1km spatial <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/datahub/datahubitem-view/3c362237-daa4-45e2-8c16-aaadfb1a003b">EEA reference grid</a> cell (eea_cell_code) and taxon (taxonKey or classKey). For each grouping, the number of occurrences found in GBIF (n) and the minimum <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinateUncertaintyInMeters">coordinateUncertaintyInMeters</a> (min_coord_uncertainty) are provided. The provided coordinateUncertaintyInMeters of an occurrence is taken into account when assigning it to a grid cell (see <a href="https://github.com/trias-project/occ-cube-alien/blob/20201201/src/europe/2_assign_grid.Rmd#L463-L481">this code</a>). The occurrence cubes have been used as input data for indicators and risk modelling/mapping for the <a href="http://trias-project.be/">Tracking Invasive Alien Species (TrIAS)</a> project and are now used for monitoring the effectiveness of the early detection and rapid eradication of emerging Invasive Alien Species (IAS) for the <a href="https://www.riparias.be/">LIFE RIPARIAS</a> project.</p> <p>The occurrence cubes are built on open science principles and intended to be completely reproducible:</p> <ul> <li>The input data are publicly available on GBIF, with the download DOIs listed in the related identifiers of this package.</li> <li>The code to process the data to cubes is publicly available on GitHub at <a href="https://github.com/trias-project/occ-cube-alien">https://github.com/trias-project/occ-cube-alien</a> (version <a href="https://github.com/trias-project/occ-cube-alien/releases/tag/20240118">20240118</a>).</li> </ul> <h2>Files</h2> <ul> <li><strong>be_alientaxa_cube.csv</strong>: occurrence cube of alien taxa listed by the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species - Belgium (Desmet et al. 2019) (GRIIS) and limited to occurrences in Belgium (country=BE).</li> <li><strong>be_alientaxa_info.csv</strong>: taxonomic information for taxa in be_alientaxa_cube.csv.</li> <li><strong>be_classes_cube.csv</strong>: occurrence cube of all <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/class">classes</a> found in Belgium (country=BE), used to assess sampling effort bias in be_alientaxa_cube.csv.</li> <li><strong>eu_modellingtaxa_cube.csv</strong>: occurrence cube of <a href="https://github.com/trias-project/occ-cube-alien/blob/2ada0ded33c034946380b02a28cb9a8d2884d54a/references/modelling_species.tsv">selected modelling species</a> in Europe (bounding box).</li> <li><strong>eu_modellingtaxa_info.csv</strong>: taxonomic information for taxa in eu_modellingtaxa_cube.csv.</li> </ul> <h2>Acknowledgements</h2> <p>This work has been funded under the Belgian Science Policies Brain program (BelSPO BR/165/A1/TrIAS), the European Union's LIFE program (LIFE19 NAT/BE/000953 - LIFE RIPARIAS) and the European Union's Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme (ID No 101059592 - Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy).</p>
Integrated database on adaptation and mitigation measures in Europe
<p>Climate action is far from meeting the internationally agreed adaptation and mitigation goals. Even though climate action planning has increased since the Paris Agreement in 2015, the implementation rate of those plans remains low. Climate planning literature claims that accounting for long-term planning and implementation times, accurately estimating costs, identifying synergies and trade-offs between measures, or considering justice and equity issues might increase the quality of climate plans and facilitate the further implementation of climate actions.</p> <p>Also, there is no uniform way of responding to the climate crisis. Existing climate action databases typically focus on a particular type of response, sector, hazard, or type. In parallel, national governments and international initiatives provide tools and guidelines to facilitate the development of climate action plans. However, the primary climate action recording and monitoring initiatives and projects do not share the same framework as those tools, resulting in a lost opportunity to improve climate actions' knowledge transferability.</p> <p>Thus, we reviewed nine existing databases of adaptation and five mitigation databases, comprising a total of 7.130 adaptation actions and 11.409 mitigation actions, and detected a lack of alignment with climate planning practices and claims. Furthermore, we revealed a lack of coherency regarding the level of abstraction of climate actions and their role in the implementation process. Not all climate actions are meant to operate similarly from a planning perspective: while some had a direct outcome on the target indicators, others are thought to facilitate their implementation.</p> <p>Ultimately, we created a new integrated database of adaptation and mitigation measures in Europe, focusing exclusively on climate planning and implementation practices. First, we identified specific and transferable mitigation and adaptation measures and instruments through an originally designed decision tree. Second, we harmonised the collection of climate actions in a unique framework based on one of the biggest climate planning initiatives: the Sustainable and Energy Climate Action Plans by the Covenant of Mayors. Our integrated database of adaptation and mitigation measures (1) classifies and relates the different types of climate actions; (2) provides data that may improve the quality of climate plans and facilitate implementation; (3) allows a better perspective of systematic problems by identifying potential synergies and trade-offs; and (4) defines and characterises measures using a framework that draws on actual practice. The database compiles a total of 191 adaptation measures, 188 mitigation measures, and 97 measures that account for each, and a total of 609 associated instruments. For monitoring their outcomes, 93 SDG relevant indicators are included.</p>
Biomass Exports in Europe by Country
<p>Biomass exports in thousand tons, and tons per capita for European countries.</p> <p>Our dataset has a 10.4% larger congruent dataset (to be used in various supervised or unsupervised learning models, such as machine learning) than the original Eurostat dataset after imputation, backcasting, forecasting. It has overall 18% more observations after processing than the dataset at source. </p>
Environmental Subsidies and Similar Transfers from Europe to the Rest of the World
<p>Environmental subsidies and similar transfers (current, capital, tax abatement, subsidy) for all environmental protection and resource management activities from EU countries to the rest of the world.</p> <p>The original dataset is of Eurostat is plagued with missing data. Our version on the <a href="https://zenodo.org/communities/greendeal_observatory/">Green Deal Data Observatory</a>, though could be further improved, offers a 167% larger congruent data matrix for supervised or unsupervised learning (machine learning, regression analysis) than the <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ENV_ESST_GG/default/table?lang=en">original dataset</a>: Environmental subsidies and similar transfers from general government, by environmental activity, sector of recipient and ESA category of transfer.</p> <p> </p>
Capacity factor time series for solar and wind power on a 50 km^2 grid in Europe
<p>This spatio-temporal dataset contains capacity factors timeseries for locations on a grid with 50km edge length in Europe. The data is resolved in one hour timesteps and comprises the years 2000--2016. It has been generated using <a href="https://www.renewables.ninja">Renewables.ninja</a> and is based on MERRA-2 reanalysis data. For each of the ~2700 onshore location, it contains one time series for onshore wind turbines and five time series for PV installations with different orientations and tilts. PV time series exist for (1) installations on open fields, (2) installations on all possible rooftops, (3) south-facing and flat rooftops, (4) east- and west-facing rooftops, (5) north-facing rooftops. For each of the ~2800 offshore location there is one timeseries for offshore wind turbines.</p> <p>Two GeoTIFF files contain spatial information of onshore and offshore locations. For each of the three technologies -- onshore wind, offshore wind, and PV -- there is one NetCDF file determining the temporal dimension and containing the data. The GeoTIFF and NetCDF files are linked through unique IDs for all locations.</p> <p>This data serves as input data to euro-calliope, a model of the European electricity system.</p> <p>The following parameters have been used to generate the timeseries:</p> <pre><code>resolution-grid: 50 # [km^2] corresponding to MERRA resolution pv-performance-ratio: 0.9 hub-height: onshore: 105 # m, median hub height of V90/2000 in Europe between 2010 and 2018 offshore: 87 # m, median hub height of SWT-3.6-107 in Europe between 2010 and 2018 turbine: onshore: "vestas v90 2000" # most built between 2010 and 2018 in Europe offshore: "siemens swt 3.6 107" # most built between 2010 and 2018 in Europe</code></pre> <p>CHANGELOG:</p> <p>Version 3 (2022-05-18)</p> <p>* Update spatial scope to include Iceland and its offshore EEZ.<br> * Update temporal scope to include 2017 and 2018.</p> <p>Effect of increasing spatial scope is a slight change in the spatial position of the data points.</p> <p>Version 2 (2020-06-18)</p> <p>* Add time series for rooftop PV with different orientations.</p>
Auxiliary Euro-Calliope datasets: Spatio-temporal data representing national cooking demand and electric vehicle characteristic profiles in Europe
<p>Output generated by the <a href="https://github.com/RAMP-project/">RAMP engine</a> for use in the <a href="https://github.com/calliope-project/sector-coupled-euro-calliope">Sector-Coupled Euro-Calliope model</a>. The three datasets in this repository are described briefly here and in more detail in the accompanying README files. Each dataset has an hourly temporal resolution spanning the years 2000 - 2018 (inclusive) and a national spatial resolution spanning 26* - 28** countries in Europe. All datasets are dimensionless; only the profile shapes are used in Euro-Calliope.</p> <ul> <li>Cooking energy demand profiles (<em>ramp-cooking-profiles</em>): Profiles of heat energy demand for cooking in buildings in Europe, stochastically generated using the <a href="https://github.com/RAMP-project/RAMP">RAMP model</a> [1]. These profiles are used to distribute annual cooking energy demand in the Euro-Calliope workflow. This dataset covers 28 European countries**.</li> <li>Electric vehicle plug-in profiles (<em>ramp-ev-plugin-profiles</em>): Profiles of the percentage of parked electric vehicles, stochastically generated using the <a href="https://github.com/RAMP-project/RAMP-mobility">RAMP-Mobility model</a> [2]. These profiles are used in Euro-Calliope to define the maximum number of electric vehicles that could be plugged in and therefore available to be charged at any given time, assuming controlled (or "smart") charging. This dataset covers 26 European countries*.</li> <li>Electric vehicle energy consumption profiles (<em>ramp-ev-consumption-profiles</em>): Profiles of the electricity consumption of electric vehicles, stochastically generated using the <a href="https://github.com/RAMP-project/RAMP-mobility">RAMP-Mobility model</a> [2]. These profiles are aggregated in Euro-Calliope to provide a required percentage of total vehicle electricity demand that must be met in each month. This dataset covers 26 European countries*.</li> </ul> <p>* AUT, BEL, CHE, CZE, DEU, DNK, ESP, EST, FIN, FRA, GBR, HRV, HUN, IRL, ITA, LTU, LUX, LVA, NLD, NOR, POL, PRT, ROU, SVK, SVN, SWE</p> <p>** (*) + BGR, SRB</p> <p>*** ALB, MKD, GRC, CYP, BIH, MNE, ISL</p> <p>[1] Lombardi, Francesco, Sergio Balderrama, Sylvain Quoilin, and Emanuela Colombo. 2019. ‘Generating High-Resolution Multi-Energy Load Profiles for Remote Areas with an Open-Source Stochastic Model’. <em>Energy</em> 177 (June): 433–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.097.</p> <p>[2] Mangipinto, Andrea, Francesco Lombardi, Francesco Davide Sanvito, Matija Pavičević, Sylvain Quoilin, and Emanuela Colombo. 2022. ‘Impact of Mass-Scale Deployment of Electric Vehicles and Benefits of Smart Charging across All European Countries’. <em>Applied Energy</em> 312 (April): 118676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118676.</p>
Residential exposure to natural hazards in Europe, 2000–2020
<p>This dataset provides average national-level current gross replacement costs of the stock of residential assets (buildings and household contents) per m<sup>2</sup> of useful floor space. The dataset includes annual time series (2000–2020) for 33 European countries, in nominal and real prices. It is intended for application in microscale disaster models by enabling approximation of the monetary value of individual buildings exposed to hazards, especially floods, for which damage functions often distinguish between vulnerability of the building structure and contents inside.</p>
Iceland as stepping stone for intercontinental spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus between Europe and North America: data set on phylogeographic analysis
<p>Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) subtype H5 clade 2.3.4.4b have widely spread within the northern hemisphere since 2020 and threaten wild bird populations as well as poultry production. For the very first time, HPAIV were detected in wild birds and, subsequently, in poultry holdings in Iceland.</p> <p>Here, we present phylogeographic evidence that Iceland has been used as a stepping stone for HPAIV translocation from Northern Europe to North America in 2021 and describe two independent incursions of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses of two different genotypes to Iceland in 2021 and 2022.</p>
Syrian Migration to Europe, 2011-21: Data Inventory
<p>This inventory includes metadata on various quantitative and qualitative sources of information on Syrian migration to Europe in 2011-21 that can be used for agent-based modelling purposes, with each source accompanied by data quality assessment. The files are available in a TSV and MS Excel format. The judgement-based quality ratings provided are specific to the requirements of agent-based modelling, as detailed in the <a href="https://www.baps-project.eu/inventory/project_outputs/data_sources/Background%20paper%20Data%20and%20knowledge.pdf">background paper.</a> A queryable version of the inventory is available on the website of the project Bayesian Agent-Based Population Studies (BAPS), funded by the European Research Council (725232): <a href="https://baps-project.eu/inventory/data_inventory">https://baps-project.eu/inventory/data_inventory</a>. The methodology behind assembling this dataset and assessing the individual data sources according to pre-defined quality criteria is detailed in:</p> <p>Nurse S and Bijak J (2022) Building a Knowledge Base for the Model. In: J Bijak et al., <em>Towards Bayesian Model-Based Demography. Agency, Complexity and Uncertainty in Migration Studies</em>. Methodos Series, vol 17. Springer, Cham. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83039-7_4">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83039-7_4</a></p>
Species richness of vascular plants and bryophytes in nine grassland sites (Europe and California collected in 2013-2016)
We sampled vascular plants (VP) and bryophytes (non-vascular plant; NVP) 1×1 m experimental plots in nine sites belonging to the Nutrient Network. Three sites were in California, two in Finland and UK and one in Germany and Switzerland. The data were collected to compare the responses of NVPs and VPs to nutrient addition and grazing exclusion treatments. The NVP and VP cover sampling was conducted in March-August 2016, except for heron.uk and rook.uk, which had been sampled for VPs in 2013. NVPs were mostly identified to species, but in absence of necessary diagnostic characters (capsules, other reproductive organs, distinctive gametophytic features), some specimens were identified at morphospecies group, subgenus, or genus level. We calculated three plant diversity indices for NVPs, VPs and total (NVPs and VPs combined) in each plot. First, species richness (S) is the number of species per 1 m2 for NVPs and VPs. For plots having no NVPs, NVP richness is zero. Second, for plots having at least one NVP, we calculated Inverse Simpson’s index of diversity (referred to as species diversity), which is equivalent to the Probability of Interspecific Encounter or Effective Number of Species (ENSPIE). Third, we calculated Simpson’s evenness (E = ENSPIE/S; referred to as evenness), which was expected to reflect changes in species’ dominance. We also sampled aboveground plant biomass at peak biomass of vascular plants (in May- August, depending on local site level characteristics) by clipping at ground level and removing all aboveground vegetation (live and dead) from two 0.1 × 1 m strips, sorting the current year’s VP and NVP biomass from the previous year’s biomass (dead litter), drying the biomass to a constant mass at 60 °C, and weighing it to the nearest 0.01 g. Except for two sites (heron.uk and rook.uk), we also measured photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the ground surface and above grassland canopy at time of peak biomass and calculated the proportion of tra
Ensemble calculations of "98perc_sfcWindmax" from EURO-CORDEX data for Europe
<p><strong>Climate Index: </strong>98perc_sfcWindmax</p> <p><strong>Definition:</strong> Average of the annual 98<sup>th</sup> percentile of the daily maximum wind speed over a 30-year time-period.</p> <p><strong>Additional information:</strong> The dataset is based on an ensemble of EURO-CORDEX model simulations of daily maximum near-surface wind speed (sfcWindmax).</p> <p>Results (ensemble mean and ensemble standard deviation) are available for historical (1971-2000) and future (2011-2040, 2041-2070, 2071-2100) time periods and for the representative concentration pathways RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.</p> <p>The EURO-CORDEX climate model simulations used are:</p> <ul> <li>SMHI-RCA4/ ICHEC-EC-EARTH, SMHI-RCA4/ MOHC-HadGEM2-ES</li> <li>CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17/ ICHEC-EC-EARTH, CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17/ MOHC-HadGEM2-ES</li> <li>DMI-HIRHAM5/ ICHEC-EC-EARTH</li> <li>KNMI-RACMO22E/ ICHEC-EC-EARTH, KNMI-RACMO22E/ MOHC-HadGEM2-ES</li> </ul>
Ensemble calculations of "Fmax" from EURO-CORDEX data for Europe
<p><strong>Climate Index: </strong>Fmax</p> <p><strong>Definition:</strong> Average of the annual maximum of the daily maximum wind speed over a 30-year time-period.</p> <p><strong>Additional information:</strong> The dataset is based on an ensemble of EURO-CORDEX model simulations of daily maximum near-surface wind speed (sfcWindmax).</p> <p>Results (ensemble mean and ensemble standard deviation) are available for historical (1971-2000) and future (2011-2040, 2041-2070, 2071-2100) time periods and for the representative concentration pathways RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.</p> <p>The EURO-CORDEX climate model simulations used are:</p> <ul> <li>SMHI-RCA4/ ICHEC-EC-EARTH, SMHI-RCA4/ MOHC-HadGEM2-ES</li> <li>CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17/ ICHEC-EC-EARTH, CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17/ MOHC-HadGEM2-ES</li> <li>DMI-HIRHAM5/ ICHEC-EC-EARTH</li> <li>KNMI-RACMO22E/ ICHEC-EC-EARTH, KNMI-RACMO22E/ MOHC-HadGEM2-ES</li> </ul>
Ecology and environment predict spatially stratified risk of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b in wild birds across Europe
<p>The data in this repository were used to conduct the analysis outlined in the following bioRxiv preprint:</p> <ul> <li>Sarah Hayes, Joe Hilton, Joaquin Mould-Quevedo, Christl Donnelly, Matthew Baylis, Liam Brierley (2025) "Ecology and environment predict spatially stratified risk of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b in wild birds across Europe" <em>bioRxiv</em> doi:10.1101/2024.07.17.603912</li> </ul> <p>The codes used for the analyses are available at https://github.com/sarahhayes/avian_flu_sdm/ </p> <p>The following lookup table can be used to cross-reference between the variable descriptions in Tables 1 and 2 of the preprint and the files in this repository:</p> <p> </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <h3> Variable description </h3> </td> <td> <h3> Filename </h3> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Minimum elevation (metres above sea level) </td> <td> elevation_min_10kres.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Maximum elevation (metres above sea level) </td> <td> elevation_max_10kres.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Difference between minimum and maximum elevation </td> <td> elevation_diff_10kres.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Modal elevation (metres above sea level) </td> <td> elevation_mode_10kres.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) </td> <td> ndvi_*_quart_2022_eco_rasts.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Land cover </td> <td> landcover_output_full_2022_10kres.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Distance to coast </td> <td> dist_to_coast_10kres.csv </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Distance to inland water </td> <td> dist_to_water_output_10kres.csv </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Relative humidity </td> <td> mean_relative_humidity_q*_10kres_eco_quarts.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Seasonal weighted mean of the month-wise difference in the minimum temperature and maximum temperature (degrees Celsius) </td> <td> mean_diff_*_quart_eco_rasts.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Seasonal weighted mean of monthly mean temperatures (degrees Celsius) (Mean monthly temperature for each month calculated using: Mean temperature = Minimum temperature + diurnal range/2)</td> <td> mean_mean_*_quart_eco_rasts.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Seasonal temperature variation (degrees Celsius)<br>(Difference between the maximum and minimum of<br>mean monthly temperature values across months<br>majority-represented within the season)</td> <td> variation_in_quarterly_mean_temp_q*_eco_rasts.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Precipitation </td> <td> mean_prec_*_quart_eco_rasts.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Seasonal mean of daily zero-degree isotherm (metres<br>above sea level) </td> <td> isotherm_mean_q*_eco_rasts.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Number of days the zerodegree isotherm was below 1 metre at midday at Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) </td> <td> isotherm_midday_days_below1_q*_eco_quarts.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Chicken density </td> <td> chicken_density_2010_10kres.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Duck density </td> <td> duck_density_2010_10kres.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <em>Anatinae</em> (dabbling ducks) </td> <td> anatinae_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <em>Anserinae</em> (swans and geese) </td> <td> anserinae_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <em>Ardeidae</em> (herons) </td> <td> ardeidae_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <em>Arenaria/Calidris</em> (turnstones and sandpipers) </td> <td> arenaria_calidris_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <em>Aythyini</em> (diving ducks)</td> <td> aythyini_rast_eco_bds.tif</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Laridae (gulls) </td> <td> laridae_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Percentage time spent feeding within 2m of water surface </td> <td> around_surf_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Percentage time spent feeding >2m below water surface </td> <td> below_surf_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Percentage diet plants </td> <td> plant_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Percentage diet scavenging </td> <td> scav_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Percentage diet endothermic vertebrates </td> <td> vend_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Congregative </td> <td> cong_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Migratory </td> <td> migr_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Below threshold phylogenetic distance to known host species </td> <td> host_dist_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Species richness </td> <td> species_richness_rast_eco_bds.tif </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
The Human Niche Space of Post-LGM Late Upper Paleolithic Europe - Supplemental Material
<p>The data provided here are the supplemental information accompanying the journal article <strong>The Human Niche Space of Post-LGM Late Upper Paleolithic Europe: The Effects of Climate and Population Growth on Human Land Use</strong> by Yaworsky, Hussain, & Riede. All analyses were performed in R v4.5.0 and are documented in the HTML document, <strong>Supplemental 4</strong>.</p> <p>Version 1.2 of the Analysis Markdown Document incoporates changes made to functions within the package ENMeval.</p> <p>List of Supplemental Files:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Spatiotemporal Archaeological Observations - File name: <em>Archaeologicaldata_v1.csv</em></strong> <ol> <li>Archaeological observations derived from Kretschmer (2015) and supplemented with additional observations (see main paper for details).</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Summed Probability Estimate for Population Estimation - File name: <em>Population_SPD2.csv</em></strong><br> <ol> <li>Summed probability distribution estimating changes in relative population size across Europe from 22ka ago to 9.1ka ago using data from the P3K14C database (Bird et al, 2022; see <strong>Supplemental 4</strong> for details).</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Spatiotemporal Background Points - File name: </strong><em><strong>AbsencePointData.csv</strong></em><br> <ol> <li>Randomly generated background points. 100 random points were generated in each millennium.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Analysis Markdown Document - File Name: </strong><em><strong>CLIOARCH_MD_v1.2.html</strong></em><br> <ol> <li>Markdown illustrating step-by-step the methods used to organize and analyze the data.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>High-Resolution Spatiotemporal Predictions - File name: </strong><em><strong>SDM_MainGIF.mp4</strong></em><br> <ol> <li>High-resolution mp4 file showing the predictions of the potential climate niche space for humans from 22ka to 9.1ka ago.</li> </ol> </li> <li><strong>Potential Niche Space 22ka to 9.1ka ago- File name: </strong><em><strong>Human_Niche_Size.csv</strong></em> <ol> <li>Quantification of the potential climate niche space for each century.</li> </ol> </li> </ol> <p>The Climate data are not provided due to their size but are sourced from Karger et al (2023) and are accessible <a href="https://chelsa-climate.org/">here (https://chelsa-climate.org/)</a>.</p> <p> </p>
Towards standardising the collection of game statistics in Europe: a dataset
<p>This dataset is part of the article:</p><p>Title : <strong>Towards standardising the collection of game statistics in Europe: a case study</strong></p><p>Journal:<i><strong> European Journal of Wildlife Research.</strong></i><br><strong>DOI : 10.1007/s10344-023-01746-3</strong></p><p>Two different data sets have been incorporated : <br>1) Data collected from a questionnaire to regional governmental hunting agencies (mainland Spain)</p><p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/10080464/draft/files/QuestionnaireData_DOI_10.1007_s10344-023-01746-3.csv/content">QuestionnaireData_DOI_10.1007_s10344-023-01746-3.csv</a></p><p>Metadata with variable vocabulary and descriptors has been included</p><p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/10080464/draft/files/QuestionnaireMetadata_DOI_10.1007_s10344-023-01746-3.docx/content">QuestionnaireMetadata_DOI_10.1007_s10344-023-01746-3.docx</a></p><p>2) Characterisation of each of the Autonomous Communities, including information on economic and human resources and the volume or coverage of hunting resources available in each of the regional administrations. </p><p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/10080464/draft/files/SocioEconomicData_DOI_10.1007_s10344-023-01746-3.csv/content">SocioEconomicData_DOI_10.1007_s10344-023-01746-3.csv</a></p><p>Metadata with variable vocabulary and descriptors has been included</p><p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/10080464/draft/files/SocioEconomicMetadata_DOI_10.1007_s10344-023-01746-3.docx/content">SocioEconomicMetadata_DOI_10.1007_s10344-023-01746-3.docx</a></p><p> </p><p>Please remember to cite correctly the doi associated to this databases <strong>10.5281/zenodo.10080464</strong></p><p> </p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.