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Fig. 9 Morphometric relationship between a in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 9 Morphometric relationship between a total body length and weight and b coxa 4 diagonal length and total body length. Bathymetric relationship of total body length for c juvenile and d female Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. Grey areas in b and c represent 95% confidence intervals of the model mean

Fig. 7 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 7 Bayesian phylogenies showing the relationship of Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. within Eurythenes based on a 16S rRNA and b COI. Specimens added by this study are in bold, with E. atacamensis sp. nov. in blue. An asterisk next to the name denotes holotype. References for comparative sequences are in Table 2. Branch nodes have Bayesian posterior probabilities and maximum likelihood bootstrap support values. Values less than 0.7 or 70 are not stated or depicted by an asterisk. Species delimitation inferences by the bPTP and/or GYMC analyses are shown on the right side of each phylogeny.

Fig. 8 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 8 The relative proportion of females, males, juveniles, and intersex of Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. by depth (m) at the Atacama Trench

Fig. 6 a in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 6 a Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. feeding on bait and b two colour morphs prior to ethanol preservation. Still image and specimens are from 8074 m in the Atacama Trench during the 2010 RV Sonne SO209 Expedition (see Eustace et al. (2016) for site location details)

Fig. 5 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 5 Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. holotype (MNHNCL AMP-15816). a left pereopod 5; b left pereopod 6; c left pereopod 7; d epimeron and epimeron 3 insert with arrow denoting small tooth on the posteroventral corner; e left uropod 1; f left uropod 2; g left uropod 3 with the arrow showing plumose setae; h telson; i telson distal margin insert

Fig. 3 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 3 Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. holotype (MNHNCL AMP-15816). a left antenna 1; b left antenna 2; c left mandible with an arrow to highlight the broad palp; d head with arrows to highlight the anterior lobe and ventral corner of the eye; e left maxilla 1 outer plate and palp not flattened; f left maxilla 1 inner plate; g left maxilla 1 palp insert; h left maxilla 1 outer plate face; i left maxilla 2; j left and right maxillipeds with inner plates removed; k left maxilliped dactylus insert; l left maxilliped inner plate (medio-facial spines not shown)

Fig. 4 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 4 Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. holotype (MNHNCL AMP-15816). a left gnathopod 1; b chela of left gnathopod 1; c left gnathopod 2; d chela of left gnathopod 2; e left pereopod 3; f left pereopod 4

Fig. 2 a in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 2 a Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov.: female holotype from 8052 m (h; MNHNCL AMP-15816), juvenile paratype from 6714 m (pj; MNHNCL AMP-15818), intersex paratype from 7834m (pi; MNHNCL AMP-15820), male paratype from 7204 m (pm; MNHNCL AMP-15817); b Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov., mature female, holotype, MNHNCL AMP-15816

Fig. 1 a in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean

Fig. 1 a Map of the Peru-Chile Trench defined by depths>4900 m (red). Historical collection records of this species (circle), and the historical abyssal sampling with the absence of Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (triangle). The extent of map (b) is indicated by the blue box. b The eleven deployments where E. atacamensis sp. nov. was recovered in the Atacama Trench during the Atacamex Expedition (square) and the RV Sonne SO216 Expedition (circle). Isobaths are shown every 1000 m between 3000- and 7000-m-depth contours.

FIG. 18. — Eurythenes thurstoni n in The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.)

FIG. 18. — Eurythenes thurstoni n. sp., holotype 33 mm (AM P62435). Abbreviations: EP1- EP3, epimera 1-3; G1, G2, gnathopods 1, 2; P3-P7, pereopods 3-7. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

FIG. 17. — Eurythenes thurstoni n in The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.)

FIG. 17. — Eurythenes thurstoni n. sp., holotype 33 mm (AM P62435), paratype 29 mm (AM P62436). Abbreviations: A1, A2, antennae 1, 2; H, head; MD, mandible; MP, maxilliped; MX1, MX2, maxillae 1, 2; T, telson; U1-U3, uropods 1-3. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 14 in The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.)

FIG. 14. — Eurythenes obesus (Chevreux, 1905), neotype 48 mm (BMNH 2003.1059). Abbreviations: EP1-EP3, epimera 1-3; G1, G2, gnathopods 1, 2; P3-P7, pereopods 3-7; T, telson; U1-U3, uropods 1-3. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

FIG. 13 in The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.)

FIG. 13. — Eurythenes obesus (Chevreux, 1905), neotype 48 mm (BMNH 2003.1059). Abbreviations: A1, A2, antennae 1, 2; H, head; MD, mandible; MP, maxilliped; MX1, MX2, maxillae 1, 2. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 5 in The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.)

FIG. 5. — Eurythenes gryllus (Lichtenstein in Mandt, 1822), holotype of Lysianassa magellanica H. Milne Edwards, 1848, c. 85 mm (MNHN-Am 3148). Abbreviations: A1, A2, antennae 1, 2; H, head; LMD, left mandible; MP, maxilliped; MX1, MX2, maxillae 1, 2; ★, lateral view of right mandible; ✪, maxilliped palp completely flattened. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

FIG. 2 in The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.)

FIG. 2. — Eurythenes gryllus (Lichtenstein in Mandt, 1822), holotype 81 mm (ZMB 1265). Abbreviations: G1, G2, gnathopods 1, 2; P3-P7, pereopods 3-7. Scale bars: 2.0 mm.

FIG. 3 in The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.)

FIG. 3. — Eurythenes gryllus (Lichtenstein in Mandt, 1822), holotype 81 mm (ZMB 1265). Abbreviations: A1, A2, antennae 1, 2; EP1-EP3, epimera 1-3; H, head; T, telson; U1-U3, uropods 1-3. Scale bars: U1-3, T, 2.0 mm; A1, A2, 1.0 mm.

FIG. 10 in The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.)

FIG. 10. — Eurythenes gryllus (Lichtenstein in Mandt, 1822), material reported as Eurytenes magellanicus by Lilljeborg (1865a), immature 55 mm (MNHN-Am 4479). Abbreviations: G1, G2, gnathopods 1, 2; P3-P7, pereopods 3-7. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

FIG. 9 in The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.)

FIG. 9. — Eurythenes gryllus (Lichtenstein in Mandt, 1822), material reported as Eurytenes magellanicus by Lilljeborg (1865a), immature 55 mm (MNHN-Am 4479). Abbreviations: A1, A2, antennae 1, 2; H, head; MD, mandible; MP, maxilliped; MX1, MX2, maxillae 1, 2; U1-U3, uropods 1-3; T, telson. Scale bars: A1, A2, 0.5 mm; others, 1.0 mm.

FIG. 4 in The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.)

FIG. 4. — Eurythenes gryllus (Lichtenstein in Mandt, 1822), holotype of Lysianassa magellanica H. Milne Edwards, 1848, c. 85 mm, (MNHN-Am 3148).

FIG. 8 in The deep-sea lysianassoid genus Eurythenes (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eurytheneidae n. fam.)

FIG. 8. — Eurythenes gryllus (Lichtenstein in Mandt, 1822), material reported as Eurytenes magellanicus by Lilljeborg (1865a), immature 55 mm (MNHN-Am 4479).