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14 results for “Evaporative Rate”
The effect of solvent on convectively-driven silica particle assembly: Decoupling surface tension,viscosity, and evaporation rate
<p>Dataset associated with 'The effect of solvent on convectively-driven silica particle assembly: Decoupling surface tension, viscosity, and evaporation rate’.</p> <p>The data is based on the figures below, published in the linked article (see the doi).</p> <p><strong>- Figure 1. S</strong>egmented and raw images of dip-coated films. <strong>(images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure 2. </strong>Calculated surface coverages <strong>(data, .csv)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure 3. </strong>Rheology on SiO<sub>2</sub>-iPrOH-Glycerol mixtures & SEM micrographs of particle films. <strong>(data, .csv; images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure 4. </strong>SEM micrographs of silica helices films. <strong>(images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S1. </strong>Measured evaporated masses of each solvent as a function of time. <strong>(data, .csv)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S2. </strong>TEM micrographs of SiO2 seeds and measured particle diameters. <strong>(data, .csv; images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S3. </strong>TEM micrographs of SiO particles and measured particle diameters. <strong>(data, .csv; images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S4. </strong>Calculated solvent fractions as a function of time. <strong>(data, .csv)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S5.</strong> Rheology of i-PrOH-glycerol mixtures.<strong> (data, .csv)</strong></p>
A grid of mass loss rates from catestrophically evaporating rocky planets
<p>The code and data associated with the paper "Dust formation in the outflows of catastrophically evaporating planets" by Booth, Owen & Schulik (2023).</p> <p>Contains:</p> <ul> <li>aiolos.tar.gz: The code used to generate the models</li> <li>mass_loss_grid.tar.gz: The grid of mass-loss rates from planets of different masses and surface temperatures. Note the mass-loss rates are computed assuming the stellar properties of Kepler-1520.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p>
An emerging fungal pathogen is associated with increased resting metabolic rate and total evaporative water loss rate in a winter‐active snake
<p>1. Energy allocation tradeoffs associated with mounting metabolically costly immune responses may serve as sublethal mechanisms by which pathogens reduce host fitness. The emergence of cutaneous fungal pathogens, which invade the skin of their host and have the potential to disturb energy and water balance, highlight the importance of host physiology in determining individual- and population-level effects of disease.</p> <p>2. Snake fungal disease (SFD, ophidiomycosis), caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola</i> (<i>Oo</i>), is an emerging disease afflicting wild snake populations throughout eastern North America. Emaciation and dehydration are phenotypic correlates of SFD, but it is unknown if such declines in host condition occur via effects of <i>Oo</i> infection on host physiology (i.e., increased rates of metabolism and evaporative water loss, respectively).</p> <p>3. We used flow-through respirometry to assess the energetic and hydric consequences of natural <i>Oo</i> infection in winter-active pygmy rattlesnakes (<i>Sistrurus miliarius</i>). We measured resting metabolic rate (CO<sub>2</sub> production rate) and total evaporative water loss rate of winter-acclimatized <i>S. miliarius</i> as a function of SFD status and acute temperature (17, 25, and 32°C). We also used regression models characterizing individual variation in the thermal-sensitivity of resting metabolic rate to predict the theoretical effects of behavioral fever on daily resting CO<sub>2</sub> production by free-ranging <i>S. miliarius</i> with SFD in winter.</p> <p>4. Natural infection by <i>Oo</i> was associated with significant increases in resting metabolic rate (30–45%) and total evaporative water loss rate (30–40%) across all measurement temperatures. Under simulated scenarios of behavioral fever, <i>Oo</i> infection was predicted to increase daily resting CO<sub>2</sub> production rate by 58–102%.</p> <p>5. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the immune response to <i>Oo</i> infection is energetically costly and may contribute to declining host condition. Our modeling efforts combining the cumulative effects of increased immune activity and increased body temperature on metabolism represent a novel approach to quantifying the total daily energetic cost of infection in ectothermic vertebrates undergoing behavioral fever.</p>
An emerging fungal pathogen is associated with increased resting metabolic rate and total evaporative water loss rate in a winter‐active snake
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Body temperature, evaporative water loss and resting metabolic rate data for 12 southern African arid-zone passerines
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Simulation of perovskite thin layer crystallization with varying evaporation rates
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Interspecific variation in evaporative water loss and temperature response, but not metabolic rate, among hibernating bats
<p>Hibernation is widespread among mammals in a variety of environmental contexts. However, few experimental studies consider interspecific comparisons, and for many unstudied (or understudied) species we must assume the underlying physiology of hibernation is comparable to the relatively few species that have been studied in detail. Studies of interspecific variation provide insight into general patterns of hibernation strategies. We studied 13 species of free-living bats, including populations spread over thousands of kilometers and diverse habitats. We measured torpid metabolic rate and evaporative water loss (two key parameters for understanding hibernation energetics) across a range of temperatures. Response to ambient temperature varied among species, but all species achieved similar minimum torpid metabolic rate. Conversely, evaporative water loss varied among species and our results suggest two general hibernation strategies in North American bats, representing high and low evaporative water loss groups. Notably, species that have suffered population declines due to white-nose syndrome fall in the high evaporative water loss group and less affected species in the low evaporative water loss group. Documenting general patterns of physiological diversity, and associated ecological implications, contributes to broader understanding of biodiversity, and may help predict which species are at greater risk of environmental and anthropogenic stressors.</p>
Urban rooftop-nesting Common Nighthawk chicks tolerate high temperatures by hyperthermia with relatively low rates of evaporative water loss
<p class="western"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Heat tolerance for many birds under climate and land use change scenarios could be compromised in the future. Common Nighthawks (</span><span><i>Chordeiles minor</i></span><span>) belong to the Caprimulgiformes, a generally heat-tolerant order, but few studies have assessed heat tolerance in Caprimulgiform chicks, which might be particularly susceptible to heat stress. In the Midwestern U.S., nighthawks primarily nest on flat graveled rooftops in urban areas, as natural nesting habitats are limited. Urban rooftop-nesting nighthawks are likely exposed to higher environmental temperatures than birds nesting at more thermally buffered natural sites and evaporative cooling might be impeded by the typically high summer humidity in their Midwest breeding range. This combination of heat and humidity might negatively impact heat tolerance of nighthawk chicks. We exposed </span>7 to 14 day-old <span>nighthawk chicks (n = 15) from rooftop nests to ambient temperatures up to 51</span>° C <span>at typical summer dew points. </span>Chicks initiated gular flutter at a mean air temperature of 42.4 ± 3.4 (SE) °C. <span>Evaporative water loss (EWL) rates increased significantly with increasing temperature above </span>44.0 ± 1.5 (SE) °C. Chicks showed little evidence of lower and upper bounds of the thermal neutral zone over the range of temperatures (30-44 °C) for which we measured oxygen consumption. Body mass loss was significantly positively correlated with temperature during heat exposure trials. Chicks tolerated ambient temperatures up to 51 °C and body temperatures up to 48 °C, which, along with the high temperatures at which gular flutter and high rates of EWL were initiated, suggest that nighthawk chicks are tolerant of high air temperatures, even with relatively high humidity. Given the high rates of mass loss and high body temperatures at hot air temperatures, chick heat tolerance mechanisms could be detrimental for rooftop-nesting nighthawks given projected increasing trends for both heat and humidity in the Midwestern U.S.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Body temperature, evaporative water loss and resting metabolic rate data for six southern African bats
<p><span>1. The microsites that animals occupy during the rest phase of their circadian activity cycle influence their physiology and behaviour, but relatively few studies have examined correlations between interspecific variation in thermal physiology and roost microclimate. Among bats, there is some evidence</span> that species exposed to high roost temperatures (<i>T<sub>roost</sub></i>) possess greater heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity, but<span> the small number of species for which both thermal physiology and roost microclimate data exist mean that the generality of this pattern remains unclear. </span></p> <p>2. Here, we test the hypothesis that bat heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity have co-evolved with roost preferences. We predicted that species occupying roosts poorly buffered from high outside environmental temperature exhibit higher heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity compared to species inhabiting buffered roosts in which <i>T<sub>roost</sub></i> remains well below outside conditions.</p> <p>3. We used flow-through respirometry to investigate thermoregulation at air temperatures (<i>T</i><sub>a</sub>) approaching and exceeding normothermic body temperature (<i>T</i><sub>b</sub>) among six <span>species with broadly similar body mass but differing in roost microclimate (hot <i>versus</i> cool roosts). We combined these data with empirical measurements of <i>T</i><sub>roost</sub> for each study population.</span></p> <p>4. Hot-roosting species tolerated <i>T</i><sub>a</sub> ~4 °C higher than cool-roosting bats before the onset of loss of coordinated locomotion and non-regulated hyperthermia. The evaporative scope [i.e., ratio of maximum evaporative water loss (EWL) to minimum thermoneutral EWL] of hot-roosting species (<span><span>16.1 </span></span>± 2.4) was substantially higher than that of cool-roosting species (<span><span>5.9 </span></span>± 2.4). Maximum evaporative cooling capacities (i.e., evaporative heat loss / metabolic heat production) of <span><span>hot-roosting species were > 2, while the corresponding values for cool-roosting species were ≤1. </span></span></p> <p>5. The greater heat tolerance and higher evaporative cooling capacity of hot-roosting species compared with those occupying cooler roosts reveal variation in bat evaporative cooling capacity correlated with roost microclimate, supporting the hypothesis that thermal physiology has co-evolved with roost preference.</p>
Comparison of Tear Evaporation Rate With Systane Complete in Dry Eye and Non-Dry Eye
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04091581. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Comparison of Tear Evaporation Rate With DAILIES TOTAL1 and Biotrue ONEday
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04037969. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Interspecific variation in evaporative water loss and temperature response, but not metabolic rate, among hibernating bats
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Body temperature, evaporative water loss and resting metabolic rate data for six southern African bats
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Urban rooftop-nesting Common Nighthawk chicks tolerate high temperatures by hyperthermia with relatively low rates of evaporative water loss
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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