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42 results for “Expedition 354”
Mid to late Pleistocene IODP Expedition 354 Bengal Fan 8⁰ North transect age models, sedimentation rate stack, magnetic susceptibility stack, and XRF data
<p>Mid to late Pleistocene age models for the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 354 8⁰ North drilling transect. Stacked records of sedimentation rates and magnetic susceptibility. U-channel XRF scans of calcareous clay sediments at Site U1452.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>We investigate chronology and age uncertainty for the middle to upper Pleistocene lower Bengal Fan using a novel age-depth modeling approach that factors litho-, magneto-, bio-, cyclo-, and seismic stratigraphic constraints, based on results from the International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 354 Bengal Fan and analysis of the GeoB97-020/027 seismic line. The initial chronostratigraphic framework is established using regionally extensive hemipelagic sediment units and only age-depth models of fan deposits that respect the superposition of channel-levee systems between sites are accepted. In doing so, we reconstruct signals of regional sediment accumulation rate and lithogenic sediment input through the perspective of a two-dimensional ~320 km transect at 8⁰ N that are consistent with more distal and more ambiguous regional records. This chronology allows us to discuss the depositional history of the middle to upper Pleistocene lower Bengal Fan within the context of sea level, climate, and tectonic controls. We hypothesize, based on the timing of accumulation rate changes, that progradation and intensification of the Bengal Fan’s channel-levee system at 8⁰ N was largely driven by increases in sea level amplitude during this time. However, it is also possible this progradation was influenced by changes in Pleistocene climate and increased Himalayan erosion rates, driving greater sediment flux to the fan.</p> <p> </p>
IODP Expedition 354 Core summary
<p>Report includes detailed core data: drilling and coring depths, advancement, recovered core length measured on the catwalk and final curated length, core recovery, and sections cut.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Elemental analysis (CHNS)
<p>Fundamental elemental component (total carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur) fluctuations help define the origin, depositional environment, and diagenetic alteration of source materials. To determine C, H, N, and S, solid samples are reacted with a catalyst, separated by chromatography, and detected by thermal conductivity on a FlashEA 1112 CHNS elemental analyzer. Organic carbon can be directly measured on the elemental analyzer by acidification of the sample to drive off carbonate as carbon dioxide before analyzing. Total organic carbon on this report is measured rather than calculated.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Carbonates composite report
<p>This composite report includes data from two analyses (total carbon from Elemental analysis [CHNS], and inorganic carbon from [Coulometer]). Each row combines the CHNS and Coulometer data from measurements made on the same sample at the same time for a particular section and section offset (depth). If data do not exist for a particular expedition, the column does not appear. To identify individual samples and tests, see each separate data type (Elemental analysis and Coulometer). If the same sample was measured multiple times by any of the methods, results in the report will be combined on one line where possible. Each additional replicate result will be shown in subsequent rows and will be combined where possible. Report includes results for carbon forms: total, inorganic, calcium carbonate, and organic by difference, along with total hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Micropaleontology
<p>Paleontological data were collected using microscopes and recorded in the JRSO description software. All data for a species group (e.g., diatoms or nannofossils) were collected in a Microsoft Excel worksheet by hole. A zip file of the entire expedition's observations is also available.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Closeup images
<p>Close-up images taken by digital cameras as requested by the science party, typically when the section-half image is not sufficient. Close-up photographs of the areas of interest may be taken from whole-round sections, pieces, or section halves in sediments and rock.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Core composite images
<p>A digital composite image (PNG) is made for each core comprising core sections scanned using a line-scan camera. The composite layout is equivalent to traditional core table photos. Top left is top of core; color and meter rule references are included.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Alkalinity and pH
<p>Alkalinity was determined by Gran titration with an autotitrator (Metrohm 794 basic Titrino) using 0.1 M HCl at 20 degrees C. Report includes alkalinity, correction factor (if applicable), and pH.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Inorganic carbon (coulometer)
<p>Inorganic carbon (carbonate) is determined by coulometry, which uses a photodetection cell to measure carbon dioxide evolved during sample acidification. Report includes percent inorganic carbon and calcium carbonate.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Magnetic remanence (SRM-discrete)
<p>Raw data files for the magnetic remanence measurements of discrete and section-half samples on the superconducting rock magnetometer (SRM-DISC and SRM-SECT) are stored on by hole and by expedition, and are designated as discrete samples, section halves, or, rarely, whole-round sections.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Thin section images
<p>Hard rock and sediment thin section images were acquired using either the JRSO-developed Petrographic Image Capture and Archival Tool (PICAT) imager or (rarely) an upright microscope and a digital camera. Sample images are acquired in unpolarized, polarized, and/or cross-polarized light. Image files are presented compressed by hole.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Titration
<p>Various chemical constituents (most commonly chloride) were measured by titration using either an autotitrator (chloride) or a manual titrator (other compounds). Chloride was measured by ion-selective electrode and a silver nitrate titration until all chloride is bound as silver chloride.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Thermal conductivity
<p>Thermal conductivity was measured using the heated needle method in either full-space needle configuration (soft/saturated sediments) or half-space needle configuration (harder materials) of a TeKa Berlin TK-04 thermal conductivity meter. Heat is applied to the sample and then thermal equilibrium is sought. The heating and equilibration curve is reduced to derive the thermal conductivity value. Raw data are stored if a user wishes to do off-line or postexpedition reduction.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Magnetic susceptibility (point or contact system)
<p>Magnetic susceptibility was measured on section halves on the Section Half Multisensor Logger (SHMSL) using a Bartington MS2 meter and either a MS2E or MS2K probe. Because all JRSO cores meet minimum size requirements for these two probes, MSPOINT data are corrected for volume and recorded in SI susceptibility units (x10<sup>-5</sup>).</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Scanning electron microscope images
<p>Microscopic images of discrete samples were acquired using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and captured as image files. These files were uploaded along with a brief description and a record of the microscopic conditions when the image was taken.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Sample report
<p>Report includes detailed information about samples taken for testing: location/depth, type/form factor, test, request number, and database identifier.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Section summary
<p>Report includes data for individual core sections: coring/drilling depths and recovery, database identifiers for the whole section and section halves, and number of samples taken from the section before and after splitting.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 P-wave velocity logger (whole round)
<p>P-wave velocity data were measured on whole-round sections on the Whole-Round Multisensor Logger (WRMSL) using pairs of piezoelectric transducers mounted on a caliper system. Measurements may be affected by degassing of pore fluid and microfracturing during core recovery. Report includes P-wave velocity in x-y plane and distance and traveltime between transducers.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 Spectrophotometry
<p>Interstitial water constitutents were measured by UV-VIS spectrometry using colorimetric methods (e.g., ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silica, and sulfide) by an Agilent CARY 100 UV-VIS spectrophotometer.</p>
IODP Expedition 354 P-wave velocity caliper (section/discrete)
<p>P-wave velocity data were measured on undisturbed section halves (JRSO-defined x-axis) and/or discrete cube and cylinder samples (x, y, or z-axis) using pairs of piezoelectric transducers mounted on a caliper system. Report includes P-wave velocity in x, y, and/or z-direction, caliper separation, traveltime between transucers, and first arrival picks.</p>
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