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FIGURES 21–30 in Auxosporulation, morphology of vegetative cells and perizonium of Fallacia tenera (Hust.) D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 21–30: The fine structure of a complete cingulum. Bars in Figs 21, 22, 28 are 2 µm. Bars in Figs 23–27 and Fig. 28 are 1 µm. The bar in Fig. 30 is 500 nm. Fig. 21. A complete theca, two ligulae (arrow and arrowhead) of pleurae could been found at the two terminals. Fig. 22. An open valvocopula with undulate margin. Fig. 23. The internal view of a ligula (arrow) of the pleura 2 (the third band). Fig. 24. The external view of the ligula (arrow) of the pleura 2 (the third band). Fig. 25. The external view of a ligula of the pleura 1 (the second band). Fig. 26. The internal view of the ligula (arrowhead) of the pleura 1 (the second band). Fig. 27. The linear strip (arrow) of the pleura 2 (the third band). Fig. 28. The two terminals of the linear strips (arrows) of the pleura 2 (the third band). Fig. 29. The linear strip (arrow) of pleura 2 (the third band) and the linear strip (arrowhead) of pleura 1 (the second band). Fig. 30. The two terminals (arrowheads) of pleura 1 (the second band).

FIGURES 9–20 in Auxosporulation, morphology of vegetative cells and perizonium of Fallacia tenera (Hust.) D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 9–20: The fine structure of Fallacia tenera in SEM and TEM. All Scale bars = 1 µm except Figs 9, 10, 18 (2 µm) and Figs 19–20 (200 nm). Figs 9–10. Plan view (Figs 19–20) of external valve face and internal valve face. Figs 11–12. View of external and internal valve face at 30°tilt. Fig. 13. The detail of a frustule terminal. Note the finely porous conopeum (arrow) and two pores (arrowhead) lies beside the terminal fissures. Fig. 14. The broken valve shows a round areola (arrow) which should be covered by a conopeum and a "peg" (arrowhead), a silica flip. Fig. 15. The broken valve showing the depressed sterna (arrow). And also the "peg" (arrowhead) extend from the edge of the valve mantle. Fig. 16. The undulate margin of the conopeum. Fig. 17. The lumen between the conopeum and the valve (arrow), connecting outside through the terminal pores (arrowhead). Fig. 18. TEM photograph of a valve clearly shows the hyaline canal (arrowhead) and some silica structures (arrow) supporting the conopeum. Figs 19–20. The pattern of the areolae in longitudinal lines on the valve surface (fig. 19. Areolae are between the raphe and the canal, fig. 20, left) and on the mantle of valve. (fig. 20, right). They all belong to hexagonal array of hymen.

opennotspecifiedJun 2022View details →

FIGURES 15–19 in Fallacia fawensis sp. nov., a new brackish water diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Southern Iraq

FIGURES 15–19: Fallacia fawensis Al-Handal, Al-Shaheen, Al-Saedy & Wulff sp. nov. Fig. 15 SEM middle part of the external valve face showing proximal raphe sterna and endings. Figs 16,17 SEM internal valve face. Fig. 18 SEM internal valve face showing the thin silica flaps covering parts of the elongated striae and appear as lateral areas. Fig. 19 SEM upper part of internal valve face showing distal raphe ending on helictoglossa. Scale bars = 1 μm for Figs 15–18, 0.2 μm for Fig 19.

opennotspecifiedJun 2022View details →

FIGURES 11–14 in Fallacia fawensis sp. nov., a new brackish water diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Southern Iraq

FIGURES 11–14: Fallacia fawensis Al-Handal, Al-Shaheen, Al-Saedy & Wulff sp. nov. Figs 11,13 SEM external valve face showing raphe sterna and valve mantle. Fig. 12 SEM upper part of the valve external face exhibiting the narrowing raphe sterna near valve apex (arrow). Fig. 14 SEM detail of the external valve face showing structure of the conopeum and the polar elongated pores of the lyre canal (arrows). Scale bars = 1 μm for Figs 11,13, 0.2 μm for Fig. 12, 0.4 μm for Fig. 14.

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FIGURES 1–10 in Fallacia fawensis sp. nov., a new brackish water diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Southern Iraq

FIGURES 1–10: Fallacia fawensis Al-Handal, Al-Shaheen, Al-Saedy & Wulff sp. nov., LM images of the type material from Shatt Al–Arab River, Southern Iraq showing valve size and outline variation. Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 25–30 in Fallacia decussata, sp. nov.: a new marine benthic diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Northeast Asia

FIGURES 25–30. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs of Fallacia decussata. 25. Detail of the finely porous conopeum covering the external valve surface, fusing with the valve mantle with a number of pegs (arrowhead), showing the multiseriate pores on the conopeum (arrow). 26. Detail of the lateral sterna (internal view) showing the arched canal (white arrow) and the finely porous conopeum (white arrowhead). 27. Internal view of a valve with valvocopula, showing the undulate advalvar edge of the parts interior (white arrow). 28. TEM photograph of a valve showing an uniseriate line of areolae around terminals (arrowheads). These areolae are located on the valve mantle. 29. Detail of a valve terminal under TEM showing the slightly expanded central raphe ending (white arrowhead) and voigt discontinuity (white arrow). 30. Areolae are occluded by a hymen with perforations arranged in a hexagonal array. Scale bars: 2 μm (Figs 26, 27, 29), 1 μm (Fig. 25), 3 μm (Fig. 28) and 200 nm (Fig. 30).

FIGURES 14–16 in Fallacia decussata, sp. nov.: a new marine benthic diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Northeast Asia

FIGURES 14–16. Illustrations of Fallacia suspiri, F. forcipata and F. forcipata var. densistriata from original publications (from Cholnoky 1961, Greville 1859 and Schmidt et al. 1874–1959). Scale bar = 10 μm in Fig. 14, 40 μm in Fig. 15 and 20 μm in Fig. 16.

FIGURES 2–13 in Fallacia decussata, sp. nov.: a new marine benthic diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Northeast Asia

FIGURES 2–13. LM micrographs of cleaned valves of Fallacia decussata, F. pygmaea and F. scaldensis. 2–6. Morphological variation of F. decussata. Note the convex lateral area (Fig. 2, arrow). 3. Holotype specimen showing constricted X-shaped central area (arrow). 7–9. Specimen from isotype slide of F. pygmaea (BM77887). 10–13. Specimen from holotype slide of F. scaldensis (BM100177). Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 17–24 in Fallacia decussata, sp. nov.: a new marine benthic diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Northeast Asia

FIGURES 17–24. Scanning electron micrographs of Fallacia decussata. 17. External valve face with a broken margin showing the conopeum covering the whole valve face (arrow). 18. Internal valve face with cingula showing the arched lateral sterna (arrow). 19. Detail of the external central area of the valve showing the slightly expanded central raphe ending (arrow). 20. Detail of internal central area of valve showing the central raphe ending fissures (arrow). 21. Detail of valve external terminal surface showing the finely porous conopeum (arrow), the dentate inner edge of the valve mantle by pegs (double arrows), three terminal pores (arrowheads), and a number of areolae (double arrowheads) present on the terminal valve mantle uncovered by the conopeum. 22. Detail of the internal terminal valve showing the raphe branch fissures ending in a helictoglossa (arrow). 23–24. Variation of the number of pores (arrowheads) on each side of the terminal fissure, comparing the areolae (double arrowheads) on the valve mantle. All scale bars = 2 μm, except Figs 17, 18 (5 μm).

FIGURE 1 in Fallacia decussata, sp. nov.: a new marine benthic diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Northeast Asia

FIGURE 1. Map of the sampling and reported sites of Fallacia decussata in Northeast Asia. I. Estuary of Kushirogawa River, Kushiro City, Hokkaido, Japan. II. Ena Bay, Miura Peninsula, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. III. Huokun'ao sand beach, Nanji Islands National Marine Natural Reserve, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China. IV. Estuary of Nakdong River, Korea.

opennotspecifiedNov 2016View details →

FIGURES 31–45. Fallacia indifferens. 31 in Morphology and distribution of Brevilinea kevei sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new diatom from Europe

FIGURES 31–45. Fallacia indifferens. 31: Hustedt's (1942) original drawing with his numbers (27–30). 32–41: LM images of the type material. Scale bar: 10 μm. SEM images from the type material. 42, 44 external view, 43, 45 internal view. Scale bars: 2 μm (42) and 3 μm (43–45).

FIGURES 21–32 in Fallacia californica sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new freshwater diatom species from streams in California, USA

FIGURES 21–32. Fallacia californica Stancheva & Manoylov, sp. nov. type material from Aliso Creek, California, USA and from Soquel Creek (Figs 26–28). Figs 21–26 internal valve view. Figs 27–32 external valve view. Arrowheads show the gap between central striae. SEM images, scale bars 1 μm.

FIGURES 2–20 in Fallacia californica sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new freshwater diatom species from streams in California, USA

FIGURES 2–20. Fallacia californica Stancheva & Manoylov, sp. nov. Figs. 2–15, type material from Aliso Creek, California, USA (site 901M14126), Fig. 9 girdle view. Figs 16–20 from Soquel Creek (site 304PS0338). Note the distinct panduriform lyre sternum (Figs 2–4, 15); the hyaline rib, which is enlarged to fan-shaped near the valve center (Figs 2, 7,10,18) and enlarged central area on the opposite side (Figs 2, 5, 10, 18). LM images, scale bar 10 μm.

FIGURE 1 in Fallacia californica sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new freshwater diatom species from streams in California, USA

FIGURE 1. SEM image of Fallacia californica Stancheva & Manoylov, sp. nov. with indication of main structural elements of the valve as follow: stars—lyre-shaped sternum; dots—hyaline rib interrupting the striae; arrows—areolae adjacent to the raphe branches; diamonds—inner areolae; arrowheads—areolae near the mantle. Scale bar 1 μm.

FIGURES 39–46 in Fallacia californica sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new freshwater diatom species from streams in California, USA

FIGURES 39–46. Fallacia tenera (Hust.) D. G. Mann. Fig. 39 specimen from Aliso Creek, Orange County, California. Figs 40–42 specimens from Tuolumne River, Central Valley, Stanislaus County, California. Figs 43–46 specimens from Ranu Klindungan Lake, Java, Hustedt`s slide N8/50 Navicula tenera, R. S. Java, Ranu Klindungan Lake 1, 1930. LM images, scale bar 10 μm.

FIGURES 33–38 in Fallacia californica sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new freshwater diatom species from streams in California, USA

FIGURES 33–38. Fallacia californica Stancheva & Manoylov, sp. nov. type material from Aliso Creek, California, USA and from Soquel Creek (Figs 34, 37). Figs 33, 35 internal valve view. Figs 34, 36–38 external valve view. Fig. 33 shows areolae with remnants from thin hymens. Figs 34, 37 eroded valves with degraded conopeum show the canal of lyre-shaped sternum. Fig. 35 internal valve showing distinctly depressed lyre-shaped sternum. Fig. 36 finger-like protrusions, each with two to four "pegs", which fasten the connection of the conopeum and the mantle. Fig. 38 shows girdle band. SEM images, scale bars 1 μm.

FIGURES 47–54 in Auxosporulation, morphology of vegetative cells and perizonium of Fallacia tenera (Hust.) D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 47–54: The incunabula and perizonium of Fallacia tenera. Scale bars = 2 µm, except Figs 47, 50, 51 (5 µm). Fig. 47. Paring of two auxospores with two parental cells valves in different size. Fig. 48. Perizonium investing the initial cell, note the primary transverse band (arrow). Fig. 49. "Suture" of secondary transverse perizonial bands (arrow) and closed primary band (double arrows). Fig. 50. Detial of primary transverse band (arrow) with an incunabular scale (double arrows) on the surface. Fig. 51. The longitudinal series of perizonial bands. Note the semilanceolate secondary bands (arrow) with a slightly convex outline in the center (arrowhead). Fig. 52. The detail of fig. 51. Showing the one side fimbriate margin of secondary longitudinal bands and lanceolate primary longitudinal band (double arrows). Figs 53, 54. Incunabular scales (arrow) on the terminal and on the primary transverse band.

FIGURES 4–8 in Auxosporulation, morphology of vegetative cells and perizonium of Fallacia tenera (Hust.) D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 4–8: Morphological variation of Fallacia tenera. Scale bar = 5 µm. Fig. 4. Initial cell with a slightly convex center (arrow). Figs 5–7. Outline of vegetative cells from naviculoid to elliptical. Fig. 8. Vegetative cell finally become to circle and probably could not have sexual reproduction.

FIGURE 46 in Auxosporulation, morphology of vegetative cells and perizonium of Fallacia tenera (Hust.) D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURE 46. The length ranges of cells in each life stages of Fallacia tenera. IN: Initial cells, VE: Vegetative cells, GA: Gametangia (paired parental cells), LG: the longer gametangium of the two paired gametangia, SG: the shorter gametangium of the two paired gametangia. The numbers on the horizontal axis are the number of observations.

FIGURES 32–45 in Auxosporulation, morphology of vegetative cells and perizonium of Fallacia tenera (Hust.) D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 32–45: The sexual reproduction, the auxospore development and the formation of initial cells. All scale bars = 10 µm. Fig. 32. Two paired cells in different size. Fig. 33. Two gametes (arrowheads) were formed in one gametangia. Fig. 34. The trans anisogamy? was occurred. One zygote (arrow) was formed in a theca (right) of gametangia and two unfused gametes (arrowheads). Fig. 35. Two zygotes were formed after the gametes fusing. Fig. 36. Two zygotes were released from thecae of gametangia. Fig. 37. Younger auxospores paired more or less parallel to each other. Note the slightly convex center (arrow). Fig. 38. Matured auxospores. Two chloroplasts (arrow) appressed to the wall of auxospores. The longitudinal bands also could been found (arrowhead). Figs 39–40. Formation of initial cells. A theca was present in the left auxospore (arrowhead) in fig. 39. During the formation of initial cells, the two chloroplasts show strongly contraction (arrows) Fig. 41. In new formed initial cells, two elongate chloroplasts apressed to the girdle. One chloroplast projects to another one along the hyaline connection between them (arrow). Figs 42–43. The initial cells completely formed in the two auxospores. The two chloroplasts nearly fused (arrow) in the right initial cell (fig. 42). The H-shaped chloroplast (arrow) already formed in the left initial cell (fig. 43). Fig. 44. The initial cell were escaping from the perizonium. Note the transverse perizonial bands (arrowhead), cape (=incunabular cap, arrow) and probably longitudinal band (double arrows). Fig. 45. The empty perizonium with two broken poles. Note the primary transverse perizonial band and seven to nine secondary perizonial bands on each side of it.