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Fig. 7. A–D in Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884 revisited, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae)

Fig. 7. A–D. Granulifusus norfolkensis sp. nov. A–C. Holotype, SL 13.0 mm, sequenced (MNHN IM-2013-68811). D. New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge, 23°23′ S, 168°00′ E, 430–480 m, sequenced specimen (MNHN IM-2007-36921). E–J. Granulifusus tatianae sp. nov. E–G. Holotype (MNHN IM- 2000-33595). H. Paratype, SL 15.0 mm (MNHN IM-2000-33596). I. New Caledonia, SMIB 3, stn DW8, 24°45′ S, 168°08′ E, 233 m, SL 18.1mm. J. New Caledonia, CHALCAL 2, stn DW84, 23°24′ S, 168°07′ E, 170 m, SL 17.7 mm. All shells to the same scale.

Fig. 6 in Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884 revisited, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae)

Fig. 6. Granulifusus annae sp. nov. A–C. Holotype, sequenced, SL 50.3 mm (MNHN IM-2013- 14709). C. Protoconch. D. Philippines, SL 54 mm, sequenced specimen (MNHN IM-2007-34486). E. New Caledonia, SL 23.1 mm, sequenced specimen (MNHN IM-2013-42520). F–G. New Caledonia, BATHUS 1, stn CP669, 20°57′ S, 165°35′ E, 255–280 m. F. SL 42.7 mm (radula, see Fig. 4E). G. SL 42.7 mm. H. New Caledonia, BATHUS 1, stn CP695, 20°35′ S, 164°58′ E, 410–430 m, SL 53.6 mm. I. Vanuatu, MUSORSTOM 8, stn CP1123, 15°07′ S, 166°55′ E, 262–352 m, SL 46.8 mm. All shells to the same scale.

Fig. 5 in Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884 revisited, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae)

Fig. 5. Granulifusus jeanpierrevezzaroi (Cossignani, 2017) comb. nov. A. Holotype, SL 66.3 mm (MMM) (photo courtesy of T. Cossignani). B–D. Sequenced specimen, SL 62.2 mm (MNHN IM-2007- 34593). D. Enlarged view of columella to show the plicae. E. Protoconch, New Caledonia, BATHUS 1, stn CP713, 21°45′ S, 166°37′ E, 250 m. F–G. Philippines, MUSORSTOM 3, stn CP97, 14°00′ N, 120°18′ E, 189–194 m, SL 42.2 mm. H. Fiji, MUSORSTOM 10, stn CP1355, 17°50′ S, 178°49′ E, 302–310 m, SL 56.8 mm. I. New Caledonia, BATHUS 1, stn CP670, 20°54′ S, 165°53′ E, 394–397 m, SL 39.4 mm. J. Philippines, MUSORSTOM 2, stn CP68, 14°01′ N, 120°18′ E, 195–199 m, SL 63.7 mm. All shells to the same scale, except D–E.

Fig. 4 in Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884 revisited, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae)

Fig. 4. Radulae of species of Granulifusus and Okutanius gen. nov. A. Granulifusus discrepans (Kuroda & Habe, 1961), shell, see Fig. 3D (MNHN IM-2013-46327). B. Granulifusus williami (Poppe & Tagaro, 2006), comb. nov., shell, see Fig. 3H (MNHN IM-2013-58726). C–D. Granulifusus jeanpierrevezzaroi (Cossignani, 2017) comb. nov., shell, see Fig. 5B–D, arrow points to regularly spaced folds of the radular membrane (MNHN IM-2007-34593). E. Granulifusus annae sp. nov., New Caledonia, BATHUS 1, stn CP669, 20°57′ S, 165°35′ E, 255–280 m, shell, see Fig. 6F. F. Granulifusus tatianae sp. nov., Loyalty Ridge, MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW473, 21°09′ S, 167°55′ E, 236 m. G. Okutanius kuroseanus (Okutani, 1975) gen. et comb. nov., New Ireland, shell, see Fig. 9A (MNHN IM-2013-59070). H. Okutanius ellenae gen. et sp. nov., New Caledonia, NORFOLK 1, stn DW1658, 23°26′ S, 167°50′ E, 320–336 m, shell, see Fig. 10H).

Fig. 9. A–G in Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884 revisited, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae)

Fig. 9. A–G. Okutanius kuroseanus (Okutani, 1975) gen. et comb. nov. A. New Ireland, KAVIENG 2014, stn CP4503, 02°30′ S, 150°44′ E, 191–200 m, SL 18.1 mm, sequenced specimen; for radula, see Fig. 4G (MNHN IM-2013-59070). B. BORDAU 1, stn DW1469, 19°40′ S, 178°10′ W, 314–377 m, SL 15.9 mm. C. Protoconch, New Caledonia, BIOCAL, stn CP105, 21°31′ S, 166°22′ E, 330–335 m. D–E. Loyalty Ridge, MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW391, 20°47′ S, 167°06′ E, 390 m. D. SL 17.3 mm. E. SL 22.3 mm. F. Loyalty Ridge, MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW398, 20°47′ S, 167°06′ E, 370 m, SL 28.1 mm. G. Taiwan. TAIWAN 2000, stn DW34, 22°02′ N, 120°36′ E, 246 m, SL 23.4 mm. H–I. Okutanius aikeni (Lussi, 2014) gen. et comb. nov., holotype, SL 25.6 mm. A–B, D–G at the same scale, H–I not to scale.

Fig. 10 in Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884 revisited, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae)

Fig. 10. Okutanius ellenae gen. et sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, New Caledonia, South of Ile des Pins, 22°53′ S, 167°35′ E, 376–390 m, SL 22.7 mm, sequenced specimen (MNHN IM-2013-68819). E. Paratype from the type locality, SL 21.4 mm, sequenced specimen (MNHN IM-2013-68876). F. New Caledonia, SMIB 5, stn DW98, 23°02′ S, 168°16′ E, 335 m, SL 17.3 mm. G. New Caledonia, BATHUS 3: stn CP804, 23°41′ S, 168°00′ E, 244–278 m, SL 20 mm. H. New Caledonia, NORFOLK 1, stn DW1658, 23°26′ S, 167°50′ E, 320–336 m, SL 17.8 mm, radula, see Fig. 4H. I. New Caledonia, CHALCAL 2, stn DW79, 23°41′ S, 168°00′ E, 243 m, SL 24.4 mm. J. New Caledonia, SMIB 5, stn DW98, 23°02′ S, 168°16′ E, 335 m, SL 15.5 mm. K–L. New Caledonia, BATHUS 2, stn DW731, 22°49′ S, 166°45′ E, 300–370 m, SL 29.6 mm. All shells at the same scale.

Fig. 3. A–E in Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884 revisited, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae)

Fig. 3. A–E. Granulifusus discrepans (Kuroda & Habe, 1961). A. Philippines, SL 58 mm, sequenced specimen (MNHN IM-2007-34581). B. Philippines, SL 51.9 mm, sequenced specimen (MNHN IM- 2007-34488). C. Papua New Guinea, PAPUA NIUGINI, stn CP3949, 05°12′ S, 145°51′ E, 380–407 m (MNHN 2013-15374, not sequenced). D–E. Solomon Sea, SL 18.2 mm, sequenced specimen (MNHN IM-2013-46327). D'. Same as preceding, enlarged. – F–G. Pseudolatirus bilineatus (Hörnes, 1853). F. Lectotype, SL 20.8 mm (NHMW 1846/0037/0263). F'. Same as preceding, enlarged. G. Paralectotype, SL 38.7 mm (NHMW 1846/0037/0264). – H–K. Granulifusus williami (Poppe & Tagaro, 2006) comb. nov. H. Papua New Guinea, New Ireland, KAVIENG 2014, stn DW4471, 02°44′ S, 150°38′ E, 126– 220 m, SL 14.1 mm (MNHN IM-2013-58726, not sequenced). I. Papua New Guinea, New Ireland, KAVIENG 2014, stn DW4484, 02°26′ S, 149°55′ E, SL 16.5 mm (MNHN IM-2013-58866, not sequenced). J. Solomon Islands, SL 16.1 mm, sequenced specimen (MNHN IM-2007-32612). K. New Caledonia, BERYX 11, stn DW11, 24°43′–24°44′ S, 168°08′–168°10′ E, 270–350 m, protoconch. Scale bars: A–D = 2 cm; F–G = 1 cm; H–J = 1 cm. D' and F' to the same scale.

Fig. 12 in Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884 revisited, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae)

Fig. 12. Radulae of species of Vermeijius gen. nov. A–B. Vermeijius pallidus (Kuroda & Habe, 1961) gen. et comb. nov., New Caledonia, CONCALIS, stn CP2962, Grand Passage, 18°59′ S, 163°08′ E, 580– 647 m, shell, see Fig. 11D (MNHN IM-2007-35093). C–D. Vermeijius virginiae (Hadorn & Fraussen, 2002) gen. et comb. nov., South Madagascar, ATIMO VATAE, stn CP3585, 25°32′ S, 44°16′ E, 549– 576 m (MNHN IM-2009-15030).

Fig. 1 in Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884 revisited, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae)

Fig. 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the subfamily Fusininae based on the COI gene. Support values as Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) indicated when> 0.7. Asterisks mark specimens illustrated on figures. The names of the species previously attributed to Pseudolatirus are given in orange. Partitions recovered by ABGD marked as vertical line of rectangles on the right. MOTUs identified in the current study are highlighted in grey.

Fig. 11 in Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884 revisited, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae)

Fig. 11. Species of Vermeijius gen. nov. A–E. Vermeijius pallidus (Kuroda & Habe, 1961) gen. et comb. nov. A–B. South China Sea, DongSha 2014, stn CP4128, 20°42′ N, 116°08′ E, 420–444 m. A. SL 50.6 mm (MNHN IM-2013-50173). B. SL 56.6 mm (MNHN IM-2013-50174). C. Solomon Islands, SALOMON 2, stn CP2290, 08°40′ S, 157°32′ E, 384–418 m, SL 59.9 mm (MNHN IM-2007-32537). D–E. New Caledonia, CONCALIS, stn CP2962, Grand Passage, 18°59′ S, 163°08′ E, 580–647 m, SL 45.2 mm (MNHN IM-2007-35093). F–J. Vermeijius virginiae (Hadorn & Fraussen, 2002) gen. et comb. nov. F. Holotype, SL 58.9 mm (MNHN IM-2000-9626). G–H. South Madagascar, ATIMO VATAE, stn CP3585, 25°32′ S; 44°16′ E, 549–576 m. G. SL 53.8 mm (MNHN IM-2009-15025). H. SL 52.6 mm (MNHN IM-2009-15026). I–J. South Madagascar, ATIMO VATAE, stn CP3591, 25°03′ S, 43°58′ E, 400–402 m, SL 56 mm (MNHN IM-2009-15021). K. Vermeijius retiarius (Martens, 1901) gen. et comb. nov., South Madagascar, ATIMO VATAE, stn CP3595, 25°35′ S, 44°15′ E, 821–910 m, SL 47.5 mm (MNHN IM-2009-15087). All specimens sequenced, except F. Figures A–D, F–I, K to the same scale.

Fig. 8. A–B in Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884 revisited, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae)

Fig. 8. A–B. Granulifusus kurodai (Okutani & Sakurai, 1964) comb. nov., paratype 1, SL 35.1 mm (NSMT-Mo58524). C–D. Fusolatirus sp. aff. luteus Snyder & Bouchet, 2006 (paratype 3 of Pseudolatirus kurodai, see the text), SL 21.5 mm (NSMT-Mo70270). E–H. Granulifusus guidoi sp. nov. E–F. Holotype, SL 30.2 mm (MNHN IM-2000-33597). G–H. Paratype, SL 30.7 mm (MNHN IM-2000- 33598). All shells at the same scale.

FIGURE 64 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)

FIGURE 64. Nerve ring in dorsal view. A. Buccinum undatum, buccal connective observed (char. 96: 1), buccal ganglia dorsal to pedal ganglia (char. 97: 0). B. Hemipolygona beckyae, buccal connective not observed (char. 96: 2), buccal ganglia dorsal to cerebral ganglia (char. 97: 1). Abbreviations: ngb, buccal ganglion; ngbc, buccal ganglion connective; ngc, cerebral ganglion; ngp, pedal ganglion. Scales= 1 mm.

FIGURE 66 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)

FIGURE 66. Nerve ring in dorsal view. A. Granulifusus sp., short buccal commissure, less than 1/2 the total length of the buccal ganglia (char. 99: 0). B. Filifusus filamentosus, long buccal commissure, 1/2 or greater than the total length of the buccal ganglia (char. 99: 1). Abbreviations: ngb, buccal ganglion; ngbu, buccal ganglia commissure. Scales= 1 mm.

FIGURE 61. Penis. A. Leucozonia ocellata, penis without a in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)

FIGURE 61. Penis. A. Leucozonia ocellata, penis without a pre- copulatory chamber (char. 92: 0). B. Dolicholatirus cayohuesonicus, penis with copulatory chamber (char. 92: 1) bearing short papilla contained within (char. 93: 0). C. Pisania pusio, penis bearing copulatory chamber (char. 92: 1) with a long protruding papilla (char. 93: 1). Abbreviations: cc, pre-copulatory chamber; pe, penis; pp, penis papilla. Scales= 1 mm.

FIGURE 59 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)

FIGURE 59. Right side of roof of pallial cavity, male. A. Latirus vischii, prostate as a simple, linear tube (char. 89: 0). B. Buccinum undatum, prostate coiled (char. 89: 1). Abbreviations: pr, prostate; re, rectum. Scales= 2 mm.

FIGURE 31 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)

FIGURE 31. Ventral view of odontophore cartilages and associated muscle. A. Thais speciosa, unfused cylindrical odontophore cartilages (char. 45: 0). B. Chryseofusus archerusius, concave odontophore cartilages (char. 45: 1), muscles removed, and fused less than 15% (char. 46: 0). C. Fusinus brasiliensis, concave cartilages (char. 45: 1) and fused more than 15% (char. 46: 1). Abbreviations: oc, odontophore cartilage. Scales= 1 mm.

FIGURE 28 in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)

FIGURE 28. Head in ventral view. A. Granulifusus sp. rhynchostome bearing longitudinal folds (char. 41: 1) and a lipped rim (char. 42: 1). B. Dolicholatirus cayohuesonicus, rhynchostome without longitudinal folds (char. 41: 0) and a simple margin (char. 42: 0). Abbreviations: ct, cephalic tentacle; rh, rhynchostome. Scales= 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 34. Radula. A in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)

FIGURE 34. Radula. A. Latirus pictus, ratio of the width of the base by the width of the edge of rachidian is one (char. 52: 0). B. Fusolatirus bruijnii, ratio is less than 1 and more than 1/2 (char. 52: 1). C. Fusinus serotinus, ratio is 1/2 or less (char. 52: 2). Abbreviations: ral, radula lateral; rar, radula rachidian. Scales= 20 µm.

FIGURE 42. Radula. A in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)

FIGURE 42. Radula. A. Amiantofusus candoris, radula, lateral base straight (char. 61: 0). B. Polygona angulata, lateral base curved (char. 61: 1). Abbreviations: ral, radula lateral. Scales= 10 µm.

FIGURE 23. Siphon. A in A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)

FIGURE 23. Siphon. A. Granulifusus sp. margin of the siphon smooth (char. 32: 0). B. Leucozonia cerata, margin bearing longitudinal folds (char. 32: 1). Abbreviations: mb, mantle border; si, siphon. Scales= 2 mm.