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7 results for “Female-female aggression”
F I G U R E 2 in Female-female aggression in Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the influence of fruit quality on combat intensity
F I G U R E 2 Mean (±SE) time (in seconds) taken for a female Bactrocera tryoni to perform the first antagonistic behavioural event against a conspecific female when on one of three host fruit types. N = 15 female pairs per fruit type. Columns surmounted by different letters are significantly different at p = 0.05.
F I G U R E 1 in Female-female aggression in Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the influence of fruit quality on combat intensity
F I G U R E 1 Ethogram of antagonistic behaviours of female Bactrocera tryoni competing for a single host fruit. The size of the behavioural boxes and number within represent the frequency in which the individual behaviours occurred that led to a transitional flow to another behaviour. The number associated with the arrow represents the proportion of transition frequencies made by the females to other behaviours from a given behaviour and will sum to 1. For example, from a total number of observed behavioural events recorded for crabbing, a proportion of 0.381 of all transitions led to further crabbing (after the first crabbing had finished), 0.237 led to supination, 0.130 led to pushing, 0.091 led to tiptoe, 0.083 led to probing, 0.033 led to butting, 0.032 led to retreat and 0.014 led to chasing. The ethogram is based on 45 replicate recordings, each 1 h long of two sexually mature females competing for access to a single fruit resource for oviposition. The ethogram thus represents the combined behaviours of 90 individuals.
F I G U R E 4 in Female-female aggression in Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the influence of fruit quality on combat intensity
F I G U R E 4 Mean (±1 SE) number of occurrences of aggressive behaviours exhibited by Bactrocera tryoni females on three fruit types: cherry tomato, apple and mango. N = 15 replicate female–female pairs per fruit type. Columns surmounted by different letters are significantly different at p = 0.05.
F I G U R E 3 in Female-female aggression in Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the influence of fruit quality on combat intensity
F I G U R E 3 Mean (±1 SE) number of antagonistic events carried out by Bactrocera tryoni females against conspecific females when on one of three host fruit types. N = 15 female pairs per fruit type. Columns surmounted by different letters are significantly different at p = 0.05.
Female-female aggression in the Gila Monster (Heloderma suspectum)
<p>Historically, the role of aggression in the social lives of animals overwhelmingly focused on males. In recent years, however, female-female aggression in vertebrates, particularly lizards, has received increasing attention. This growing body of literature shows both similarities and differences to aggressive behaviours between males. Here, we document female-female aggression in captive Gila monsters (<em>Heloderma suspectum</em>). Based on four unique dyadic trials (eight adult female subjects), we developed a qualitative ethogram. Unexpected and most intriguing were the prevalence and intensity of aggressive acts that included brief and sustained biting, envenomation, and lateral rotation (i.e., rolling of body while holding onto opponent with closed jaws). Given specific behavioural acts (i.e., biting) and the results of bite-force experiments, we postulate that osteoderms (bony deposits in the skin) offer some degree of protection and reduce the likelihood of serious injury during female-female fights. Male-male contests in <em>H. suspectum</em>, in contrast, are more ritualized, and biting is rarely reported. Female-female aggression in other lizards has a role in territoriality, courtship tactics, and nest and offspring guarding. Future behavioural research on aggression in female Gila monsters is warranted to test these and other hypotheses in the laboratory and field.</p>
Female-female aggression in the Gila Monster (Heloderma suspectum)
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The effects of female group-changing behavior on female-female aggression, female rank, and female hierarchy stability
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