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11 results for “Floral rewards”
Data and analyses from: Herbivory and time since flowering shape floral rewards and pollinator-pathogen interactions
<p>Herbivory can induce chemical changes throughout plant tissues including flowers, which could affect pollinator-pathogen interactions. Pollen is highly defended compared to nectar, but no study has examined whether herbivory affects pollen chemistry. We assessed the effects of leaf herbivory on nectar and pollen alkaloids in Nicotiana tabacum, and how herbivory-induced changes in nectar and pollen affect pollinator-pathogen interactions. We damaged leaves of Nicotiana tabacum using the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta and compared nicotine and anabasine concentrations in nectar and pollen. We then pooled nectar and pollen by collection periods (within and after one month of flowering), fed them in separate experiments to bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) infected with the gut pathogen Crithidia bombi, and assessed infections after seven days. We did not detect alkaloids in nectar, and leaf damage did not alter the effect of nectar on Crithidia counts. In pollen, herbivory induced higher concentrations of anabasine but not nicotine, and alkaloid concentrations rose and then fell as a function of days since flowering. Bees fed pollen from damaged plants had Crithidia counts 15 times higher than bees fed pollen from undamaged plants, but only when pollen was collected after one month of flowering, indicating that both damage and time since flowering affected interaction outcomes. Within undamaged treatments, bees fed late-collected pollen had Crithidia counts 10 times lower than bees fed early-collected pollen, also indicating the importance of floral phenology. Our results emphasize the role of herbivores in shaping pollen chemistry, with consequences for interactions between pollinators and their pathogens.</p>
Do visual traits honestly signal floral rewards at community level?
<p>1. The high variability observed in floral traits has been interpreted as resulting from the adaptation of plants to pollinators, as the latter present innate preferences for specific floral traits and impose selection over them. However, some pollinators such as bees can learn to associate floral signals with rewards, thus increasing floral constancy on more rewarding flowers. The integration of all these rewards and cues is markedly important at community level, where co-flowering species compete for pollinators. 2. In order to verify the honesty of the above mentioned signals, we examined the association between floral visual signals (size, colour, symmetry and floral display) and rewards (pollen and nectar) for 98 species in a Mediterranean community. The associations between floral traits were analysed considering the phylogenetic relationship between the different species. 3. Flower colour, size, pollen volume, or amount of sucrose exhibited no phylogenetic signal, which suggests an adaptive evolution in response to different conditions in the pollinator community. Flower size was seen to constitute the most honest signal for pollinators, as this was significantly associated with quantities of pollen and nectar. In contrast, nectar concentration was observed to be positively associated with chromatic contrast. We detected no relationship between flower shape and rewards, on the one hand, or between flower display and rewards, on the other. 4. Our study unequivocally demonstrates the correlation between rewards and the visual signals perceived by bees, the most effective pollinators in the Mediterranean Basin. In the community studied, bees employed flower size at longer distances and chromatic contrast at shorter distances to predict rewards. The limited number of studies existing in this sense indicates that this kind of association appears to be community specific.</p>
Data from: A key floral scent component (β-trans-bergamotene) drives pollinator preferences independently of pollen rewards in seep monkeyflower
1) Floral odors play an important role in attracting insect pollinators. Because pollinators visit flowers to obtain pollen and nectar rewards, they should prefer floral odor profiles associated with the highest-rewarding flowers (honest signals). In previous work, bumble bees exhibited a preference for flowers from outbred over inbred Mimulus guttatus plants. Pollen is the only floral reward in M. guttatus, and pollen viability (a reliable indicator of protein content) is reduced in inbred plants. Yet, differences in pollen viability did not explain the observed preferences. 2) In this study we examined the floral volatile profiles of inbred and outbred M. guttatus to identify inbreeding effects and associations between volatile compounds and the number of viable pollen grains per flower, designated 'PRQ' (pollen reward quality). We also conducted pairwise choice tests with Bombus impatiens to evaluate the ability of bees to discriminate between odors of rewarding and nonrewarding flowers and to determine whether bumble bee preferences are explained by differences in the floral odors of inbred and outbred plants. 3) Inbred plants exhibited reduced emission of β-trans-bergamotene, the second-most abundant compound in the volatile blend of outbred plants. Furthermore, pollen and fertile anthers emitted nonadecane. Six other compounds in the floral blend were positively correlated with PRQ. There was no overlap between compounds affected by inbreeding and compounds associated with PRQ. 4) Even when given prior experience foraging on M. guttatus, bumble bees did not distinguish between the floral odors of rewarding and non-rewarding outbred plants. However, they preferred floral odors from non-rewarding outbred plants over rewarding inbred plants. Bumble bees without prior experience of flowers preferred volatile blends with higher versus lower amounts of β-trans-bergamotene. 5) Taken together, these results suggest that the volatile emissions of M. guttatus provide reliable indicators of pollen rewards (potential honest signals), but that the preference of bumble bees for outbred plants is not driven by these cues but rather by a sensory bias for β-trans-bergamotene. This may represent a subtle form of deceit-pollination that allows plants to attract pollinators while minimizing investment in costly rewards.
Data and analyses from: Herbivory and time since flowering shape floral rewards and pollinator-pathogen interactions
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Data from: A key floral scent component (β-trans-bergamotene) drives pollinator preferences independently of pollen rewards in seep monkeyflower
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Do visual traits honestly signal floral rewards at community level?
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Figure 1 in Moth floral visitors of the three rewarding Platanthera orchids revealed by interval photography with a digital camera
Figure 1. Floral visitors of Platanthera species. (A) Mabra charonialis visiting Platanthera ussuriensis; (B) Polychrysia splendida with Platanthera sachalinensis pollinia attached on the proboscis; (C) Paratalanta sp. visiting P. sachalinensis; (D) Lampropteryx sp. with Platanthera florentii pollinia attached on the eyes; (E) Scopariinae sp. visiting P. florentii and (F) Paratalanta sp. visiting P. florentii.
Dataset for paper "Effects of Heavy Metal Accumulation Mediated by Floral Rewards on Key Stages of Growth and Development of Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris L.)"
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Floral traits and pollinator visit data of the manuscript "Inbreeding in Solanum carolinense alters floral attractants and rewards and adversely affects pollinator visitation"
<p>The manuscript Inbreeding in Solanum carolinense alters floral attractants and rewards and adversely affects pollinator visitation has both field and lab data.</p> <p>This data file has the raw data for pollinator visit, flower diameter, and pollen count. Floral volatiles data set is in the form of a table in the manuscript.</p>
Floral traits and pollinator visit data of the manuscript "Inbreeding in Solanum carolinense alters floral attractants and rewards and adversely affects pollinator visitation"
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Food reward chemistry explains a novel pollinator shift and vestigialization of long floral spurs in an orchid
<p>Datasets generated during the study of sympatric populations of Satyrium longicauda.</p>
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