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38 results for “Florida scrub”
Patterns of root biomass, productivity, turnover, and decomposition in riverine and scrub mangroves in the Everglades, Florida, USA, immediate-post-Irma, 2018-2019, and post-Irma, 2023-2024
Mangrove root biomass, productivity, and decomposition in the shallow (0-45 cm depth) root zone were estimated at Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) Program Shark River (SRS4, SRS5, SRS6, SRS7) and Taylor River (TS/Ph6b, TS/Ph7b) mangrove sites during 2018-2019 and 2023-2024 following Hurricane Irma’s impacts in September 2017. Root biomass was estimated at all sites during both immediate-post-Irma (March 2018) and post-Irma (February-May 2023) periods with a PVC coring device (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) using the same sampling protocol previously published for the study area (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011). After collection, root cores were processed individually and initially rinsed with water through a 1-mm screen mesh to remove soil particles. Roots were separated manually based on their buoyancy, turgor, and color into biomass (live) and necromass (dead) components (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011; Cormier et al. 2015; Medina-Calderon et al. 2021). Live roots were further sorted into three size diameter classes including fine (<2 mm), small (2-5 mm), and coarse (5-20 mm). Roots greater than 20 mm in diameter were not included in this study due to sampling limitations (i.e., core area). All root samples were oven-dried at 60°C to a constant mass and weighed to estimate root biomass and necromass (g m-2). Root productivity was estimated with the ingrowth core technique (Vogt et al., 1998) during both the immediate-post-Irma and post-Irma periods using the same sampling protocol previously published for the study area (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011). Ingrowth cores (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) were made of synthetic material (3 mm mesh) and filled with root-free commercial sphagnum peat moss. This material has similar soil properties (i.e., bulk density, organic matter content, total C and N) as mangrove peat in our study sites. Ingrowth cores were installed in each of the cored holes formed during sampling of root biomass. At each
Stomatal Distribution and Post-fire Recovery: Intra- and Interspecific Variation in Plants of the Pyrogenic Florida Scrub, 2023-2024
Premise of the study: Amphistomy is the presence of stomata on both leaf surfaces. This distribution of stomata can increase photosynthesis, but is relatively infrequent, which is often attributed to high costs such as water loss. This study takes place in the Florida scrub- a hot, dry, shrub-dominated habitat that naturally experiences fire. However, decades of anthropogenic suppression and the reintroduction of controlled burns has created varied fire regimes across the region. In this study, we investigated the links between amphistomy and fire by determining (1) how common the trait is in this habitat, and (2) within-species variation before and after experimental fire, and across a time-since-fire gradient (0.25 - 50 years). Methods: We (1) surveyed 116 plant species across scrub habitats for amphistomy presence, and (2) experimentally and observationally investigated intraspecific variation in stomatal traits in response to fire for two post-fire resprouting species of palmetto, Serenoa repens and Sabal etonia (Arecaceae). Key results: Amphistomy was present in 62.9% of all surveyed species and 85.7% of post-fire obligate reseeders, suggesting amphistomy may be beneficial in this group and in the Florida scrub conditions. The stomatal ratio (upper/total stomatal density) was generally stable in response to fire. Stomatal density decreased following fire in S. etonia, with both species experiencing high variation in the post-fire years. Conclusions: Amphistomy is common in this habitat and relatively stable within species in response to fire, while stomatal density responds plastically during postfire regrowth.
FCE LTER Taylor Slough/Panhandle-7 Site Scrub Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) Leaf Gas Exchange Data, Florida, USA from January-December 2019
Rates of leaf gas exchange were measured monthly during the 2019 calendar year in a scrub Red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle (L.) L.) forest site (TS/Ph-7) near the mouth of Taylor River in southeastern Florida Everglades. Sampling of green mature leaves was designed to target scrub mangrove tree branches growing on slightly higher elevation mangrove island centers versus permanently inundated island edge habitats. Concurrent measurements of water depth and surface and porewater salinity were collected at each of the mangrove island habitats, with the research objective of assessing the effect of physicochemical variables on rates of leaf gas exchange (i.e., assimilation and stomatal conductance). Leaf gas exchange data were collected using the Li-6800 portable photosynthesis system (Li-COR, Lincoln, NE). Additional data on leaf functional traits and nutrient concentrations and environmental data from the site are included. Data are presented in five datasets (.csv).
Root productivity of riverine and scrub mangroves from the Shark River Slough and Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, March 2024 - April 2024
Root productivity of riverine and scrub mangroves in the Florida Everglades: Mangrove root productivity in the shallow root zone (0-45 cm depth) was estimated at all Shark River (SRS-4, SRS-5, SRS-6, SRS-7) and Taylor River (TS/Ph-6, TS/Ph-7) sites in March-April 2024. Root productivity was estimated with the ingrowth core technique using the same sampling protocol previously published for the study area (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011). Ingrowth cores (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) were made of synthetic material (3 mm mesh) and filled with root-free commercial sphagnum peat moss. This material has similar soil properties (i.e., bulk density, organic matter content, total C and N) as mangrove peat in our study sites as previously reported by Castañeda-Moya et al. (2011). Ingrowth cores were installed in holes made out with a PVC coring device (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length). At each site, 8 ingrowth cores were deployed vertically into the soil to a depth of 45 cm and retrieved one year later (March-April 2024). After collection, ingrowth cores were processed individually and initially rinsed with water through a 1-mm screen mesh to remove soil particles and peat moss material. Live roots were separated manually based on their buoyancy, turgor, and color (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011; Cormier et al. 2015; Medina-Calderon et al. 2021). Live roots were further sorted into three size diameter classes including fine (<2 mm), small (2-5 mm), and coarse (5-20 mm). Roots greater than 20 mm in diameter were not included in this study due to sampling limitations (i.e., core area). All root samples were oven-dried at 60°C to a constant mass and weighed. Root growth within each ingrowth core following one year of incubation was used to estimate annual root productivity (g m⁻² yr⁻¹) in the shallow root zone across all mangrove sites. All data collection and processing were funded by FCE-LTER. Data collection is complete. References: Castañeda-Moya, E., R.R. Twilley, V.H. Rivera-
Scrub Mangrove Annual Leaf Net Primary Production Data in Taylor River Slough, Florida Everglades, Florida, USA (FCE LTER): 2012-2021
Foliar Net Primary Productivity (NPPF) of monospecific Rhizophora mangle scrub mangroves (tree height <2.5m) was assessed using modified leaf-tagging techniques (direct count, ring tracking) in the lower Everglades Taylor Slough (FCE-LTER sites: TS/Ph6b and TS/Ph7b). Rings made with plastic zip ties were used to mark and track new and old leaves twice yearly (dry vs. wet season). During each sampling period, total old and new leaves were counted in previously selected branches in vegetated areas inside 20 x 20 m plots (replicates) in each site. Data collection is complete. This data set is analyzed and discussed in the publication Rivera-Monroy et al. Linking Scrub Mangroves Long-Term (2012-2021) Foliar Net Primary Productivity and Spatial Distribution in the Everglades (Florida, USA): A Leaf Tagging Approach
Root biomass, productivity, and turnover of riverine and scrub mangroves in the Everglades, Florida, USA, 2000-2006
Mangrove root biomass and productivity in the shallow (0-45 cm depth) and deeper (45-90 cm) root zones were estimated at Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) Program Shark River (SRS4, SRS5, SRS6) and Taylor River (TS/Ph6b, TS/Ph7b, TS/Ph8) mangrove sites during 2000-2006. Root biomass was estimated at all sites using a PVC coring device (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length). After collection, root cores from each zone were processed individually and initially rinsed with water through a 1-mm screen mesh to remove soil particles. Live roots were separated manually based on their buoyancy, turgor, and color. Live roots were further sorted into three size diameter classes including fine (<2 mm), small (2-5 mm), and coarse (5-20 mm). Roots greater than 20 mm in diameter were not included in this study due to sampling limitations (i.e., core area). All root samples were oven-dried at 60°C to a constant mass and weighed to estimate root biomass (g m-2). Root productivity was estimated with the ingrowth core technique (Vogt et al., 1998). Ingrowth cores (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) were made of synthetic material (3 mm mesh) and filled with root-free commercial sphagnum peat moss. This material has similar soil properties (i.e., bulk density, organic matter content, total C and N) as mangrove peat in our study sites. Ingrowth cores were installed in each of the cored holes formed during sampling of root biomass. At each site, ingrowth cores were deployed vertically into the soil and retrieved at one- and three-year intervals, and the subsequent root growth within the ingrowth core was used to estimate annual root production (g m-2 yr-1) in the shallow and deeper root zones across all mangrove sites. After collection, ingrowth cores were processed individually using the same protocol as for root biomass. Root turnover rate in the shallow root zone was calculated as root productivity divided by root biomass of each root size class at all site
Soil moisture data across a Florida scrub and sandhill landscape collected from 1998-2018 at Archbold Biological Station
This project was initiated 1998 to examine the variation in percent soil moisture in relation to rainfall, vegetation type, gaps, and time-since-fire in upland habitats at Archbold Biological Station, in south-central Florida. Data were collected from 78 sampling points across four vegetation types (rosemary scrub, scrubby flatwoods, oak-hickory scrub and sandy roadsides) with different time-since-fires (2-3 years or >20 years post-fire). In January 2006, 30 additional sampling points were added to include a fourth vegetation type (southern ridge sandhill). Data were collected at three depths below the soil surface (10, 50 and 90 cm) weekly (1 October 1998 – 9 June 1999), then bi-weekly (23 June 1999 – 3 October 2001), monthly (17 October 2001 – 15 June 2011), and every other month thereafter until the project ended on 16 July 2018.
Patterns of root biomass, productivity, and turnover in riverine and scrub mangroves post-Hurricane Wilma in the Everglades, Florida, USA, 2012-2013
Mangrove root biomass, productivity, and turnover in the shallow (0-45 cm depth) root zone were estimated at Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) Program Shark River (SRS4, SRS5, SRS6) and Taylor River (TS/Ph6b, TS/Ph7b) mangrove sites during 2012-2013 following Hurricane Wilma’s impacts in October 2005. Root biomass was estimated at all sites in May 2012 with a PVC coring device (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) using the same sampling protocol previously published for the study area (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011). After collection, root cores were processed individually and initially rinsed with water through a 1-mm screen mesh to remove soil particles. Live roots were separated manually based on their buoyancy, turgor, and color (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011; Cormier et al. 2015; Medina-Calderon et al. 2021). Live roots were further sorted into three size diameter classes including fine (<2 mm), small (2-5 mm), and coarse (5-20 mm). Roots greater than 20 mm in diameter were not included in this study due to sampling limitations (i.e., core area). All root samples were oven-dried at 60°C to a constant mass and weighed to estimate root biomass (g m-2). Root productivity was estimated with the ingrowth core technique (Vogt et al., 1998) using the same sampling protocol previously published for the study area (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011). Ingrowth cores (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) were made of synthetic material (3 mm mesh) and filled with root-free commercial sphagnum peat moss. This material has similar soil properties (i.e., bulk density, organic matter content, total C and N) as mangrove peat in our study sites. Ingrowth cores were installed in each of the cored holes formed during sampling of root biomass. At each site, ingrowth cores were deployed vertically into the soil to a depth of 45 cm and retrieved one year later (June 2013). Root growth within the ingrowth core was used to estimate annual root production (g m-2 yr-1) in
Multistate modeling of Florida scrub-jay adult survival and breeding transitions
<p><strong>Metadata for data file “MS4APR2020 ALL ENTER 2 STATES.txt” for the research published in Ecosphere Article ECS21-0698</strong></p> <p>Multistate modeling of Florida scrub-jay adult survival and breeding transitions</p> <p>David R. Breininger<sup>1</sup>†, Geoffrey M. Carter<sup>1</sup>, Stephanie A. Legare<sup>1</sup> William V. Payne<sup>1</sup>, Eric D. Stolen<sup>1</sup>, Daniel J. Breininger<sup>2</sup>, James E. Lyon<sup>3</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup>Herndon Solutions Group, LLC, NASA Environmental and Medical Contract, NEM-022, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, U.S.A.</p> <p><sup>2</sup>Department of Mathematics, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne FL, 32899 U.S.A.</p> <p><sup>3</sup>Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Titusville FL 32901, U.S.A.</p> <p>†<em> Corresponding author: </em>e-mail: <a href="mailto:david.r.breininger@nasa.gov">david.r.breininger@nasa.gov</a></p> <p>The data uses input file format described in the Program MARK manual (White and Burnham 1999, Cooch and White 2006). Each record (row) starts with an adult bird’s capture history, followed by group variables (each bird belongs to only one group) and then covariates, which here are all time specific. Time starts with 2001 and ends with 2015. Periods “.” in the capture history represented birds that were censored because the study sites were discontinued. </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p> </p> <p>The first 15 columns represent states from 2001 to 2015 where “I” refers to nonbreeder, “2” refers to breeder and “0” occurs when the bird is not observed.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Spaces occur after the capture history and between group variables and covariates.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>The first group variable identifies males if given a "1".</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>The second group variable identifies females if given a :1".</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>The third and final group membership identifies birds of unknown sex if given a "1".</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>All following data refer to time-specific covariates except for the semicolon at the end of each individual's record.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>The first 14 covariates refer to whether a bird resided on the study site edge (0) or interior (1).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>The 2nd set of 14 covariates refer density (number of pairs/potential pairs) within the local population.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>The 3rd set of 14 covariates refer to population breeder mortality rates (number of banded breeders that died/number of banded breeders).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>The final set of 14 covariates refer to mean family group size of adults in each local population.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Density dependence maintains long-term stability despite increased isolation and inbreeding in the Florida Scrub-Jay
<p>Isolation caused by anthropogenic habitat fragmentation can destabilize populations. Populations relying on the inflow of immigrants can face reduced fitness due to inbreeding depression as fewer new individuals arrive. Empirical studies of the demographic consequences of isolation are critical to understanding how populations persist through changing conditions. We used a 34-year demographic and environmental dataset from a population of cooperatively-breeding Florida Scrub-Jays (<em>Aphelocoma coerulescens</em>) to create mechanistic models linking environmental and demographic factors to population growth rates. We found that the population has not declined despite both declining immigration and increasing inbreeding, owing to a coinciding response in breeder survival. We find evidence of density-dependent immigration, breeder survival, and fecundity, indicating that interactions between vital rates and local density play a role in buffering the population against change. Our study elucidates the impacts of isolation on demography and how long-term stability is maintained via demographic responses.</p>
Fig. 3 in Insect herbivory following fire on Lyonia fruticosa, an ericaceous shrub of Florida scrub
Fig. 3. Lyonia fruticosa traits with time-since-fire: (A) height, (B) number of stems, (C) proportion of plants flowering, and (D) leaf area. For all panels, points show the mean ± 1 SE of plants within a management unit. Generalized additive models were fitted using the mean values for each management unit to avoid pseudoreplication. Solid regression lines and the shaded areas show the predicted values with 1 SE.
Fig. 2 in Insect herbivory following fire on Lyonia fruticosa, an ericaceous shrub of Florida scrub
Fig. 2. Time-since-fire and herbivore damage by type across whole plants. Points show the mean ± 1 SE of plants within a management unit. Generalized additive models were fitted using the mean values for each management unit to avoid pseudoreplication. When significant, solid regression lines and the shaded areas show the predicted values with 1 SE.
Fig. 1 in Insect herbivory following fire on Lyonia fruticosa, an ericaceous shrub of Florida scrub
Fig. 1. Time-since-fire and herbivory across whole plants. (A) Percent herbivory with time-since-fire; (B) proportion of leaves damaged with time-since-fire. For both panels, points show the mean ± 1 SE of plants within a management unit. Generalized additive models were fitted using the mean values (see text for details). Solid regression lines and the shaded areas show the predicted values with 1 SE.
Survival of juvenile Florida Scrub-Jays is positively correlated with month and negatively correlated with male breeder death
<p>Juvenile survival in birds is difficult to estimate, but this vital rate can be an important consideration for management decisions. We estimated juvenile survival of cooperatively breeding Florida Scrub-Jays (<em>Aphelocoma</em> <em>coerulescens</em>) in a landscape degraded by fire suppression and fragmentation using data from marked (n = 325) and unmarked juveniles (n = 1,306) with an integrated hierarchical Bayesian model. To assess the combined analyses, we also analyzed these datasets separately, with a Cormack–Jolly–Seber model (marked) and a young model (unmarked). Our data consisted of monthly censuses of territorial family groups from Florida Scrub-Jay populations in East Central Florida collected over a 22-year period. Juvenile survival was estimated from July when young Florida Scrub-Jays begin developing independence to March when they become first-year individuals and grouped according to the habitat quality class of their natal territory that were based on shrub height (with intermediate shrub heights being optimal and short and tall shrub heights being suboptimal) and the presence of sandy openings (the preferred open having many sandy openings; closed not having enough). Parameter estimates in the combined analysis were intermediate to the separate analyses. Notable differences among the separate analyses were that suboptimal habitat survival was lower in the unmarked analysis, the unmarked analysis showed a linear effect of time not seen in the marked analysis, and there was an effect of male breeder death in the marked but not unmarked analysis. The combined data analysis provided more inference than did either dataset analyzed separately including juveniles in optimal-closed territories unexpectedly had higher survival than those in optimal-open, survival increased through time, and male breeder death had a negative effect on survival. This study suggests that optimal-closed habitat may play an important role in juvenile Florida Scrub-Jay survival perhaps by providing better cover from predators and warrants further investigation for management implications.</p>
Density dependence maintains long-term stability despite increased isolation and inbreeding in the Florida Scrub-Jay
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Survival of juvenile Florida Scrub-Jays is positively correlated with month and negatively correlated with male breeder death
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Data from: Translocations spur population growth but fail to prevent genetic erosion in imperiled Florida Scrub-Jays
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Identifying drivers of Florida Scrub-Jay reproductive success in the absence of helpers, 1989-2021
Florida Scrub-Jays (FSJ) are federally Threatened, cooperatively breeding birds, where about half of breeding pairs typically have helpers. Factors affecting reproductive success of this species in the absence of helpers has received little attention. This dataset contains reproductive and environmental data relevant to a subset of known age breeding pairs that did not have helpers at Archbold Biological Station (ABS) from 1989 to 2021. Generalized linear mixed models were used to explain variation in reproductive output (offspring survived to 75 days) in relation to: male and female breeding experience and environmental variables (acorn abundance, fire history, and territory size), with year and territory ID included as random effects. Reproductive output was associated with female breeding experience and all three environmental variables. The findings highlight the importance of fire-maintained oak scrub in FSJ reproductive success, which is consistent with management recommendations for this species.
Demographic measures of Hypericum cumulicola (Hypericaceae) in 15 populations in Florida Rosemary Scrub patches with different time-since-fire, at Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County, Florida from 1994-2015
We collected demographic data comprising 38,313 unique observations from a sample of 10,910 individuals of H. cumulicola, from 15 independent Florida rosemary scrub patches with different time-since-fire at Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County, Florida. Plants were censused during their peak of reproduction annually in July and August between 1994 and 2015.
Staging to join non-kin groups in a classical cooperative breeder, the Florida scrub-jay
<p>1. Why unrelated members form groups in animal societies remains a pertinent topic in evolutionary biology because benefits for group members often are not obvious. We studied subordinates that disperse to join unrelated social groups in the Florida scrub-jay Aphelocoma coerulescens, a cooperative breeding species mainly composed of kin-based groups. 2. We evaluated potential adaptive benefits of dispersing to become an unrelated helper (staging) versus remaining home and dispersing only to pair and breed (direct dispersal) to understand why non-kin-based groups form. 3. Using 35 years of demographic data, we quantified life history aspects of staging individuals and tested associations between social and ecological factors on the natal and staging territories. We compared fitness outcomes between dispersal strategies by analyzing survival, breeding recruitment, and direct reproductive output. We tested for sexual asymmetry potentially driven by differences in territory acquisition patterns and female-biased dispersal for this species. 4. Of birds that reached one-year-old, 28% staged at a non-natal territory before breeding or disappearing. Staging dispersers departed at younger ages and moved greater distances than direct dispersers. When looking at proximate factors on the natal territory associated with staging, males left groups with many same-sex helpers, while females often left when their father disappeared. For both sexes, staging individuals more likely came from high-quality territories and joined groups with fewer same-sex helpers than in their natal group. While staging and direct dispersers did not differ in survival or likelihood of becoming a breeder, staging males became breeders later and had lower lifetime reproductive success than direct dispersers. 5. In Florida scrub-jays, staging appears to be an alternative strategy for female helpers, but a best-of-a-bad-situation for males. This sexual asymmetry is consistent with males having more options than females to achieve higher reproductive success by breeding near home. Tradeoffs in cost-benefits of departing natal territory and joining unrelated groups as a helper seem to best explain alternative dispersal patterns, with optimal social queues primarily driving the benefits. This research highlights plasticity in dispersal behavior in response to social and environmental conditions and offers new perspective in our understanding of non-kin-based social groups.</p>
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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