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81 results for “Fluke”
Assembled chromosomes of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni provide insight into the evolution of its ZW sex-determination system
<p><em>Schistosoma mansoni </em>has a diploid genome of approximately 380 MB, organized in 7 pairs of autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes. The original <em>Schistosoma mansoni </em>Genome Project was completed by the Wellcome Sanger Institute in collaboration with The Institute for Genome Research using a Whole Genome Shotgun sequencing strategy. The draft assembly was subsequently improved first by incorporating Illumina reads from a clonal (single-miracidial) infection and more recently by incorporating long PacBio reads, HiC, and optical mapping data.</p> <p>Associated manuscript can be found at https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456314v1</p>
Datasets for "Targeted insertion and reporter transgene activity at a gene safe harbor of the human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni"
<p>To identify sites that could serve as potential genomic safe harbours (GSHs) for transgene integration, we conducted a genome-wide bioinformatic search based on established, widely accepted criteria, along with newly introduced criteria (below), that would satisfy benign and stable gene expression. </p> <p>At the outset, we identified <strong>euchromatic</strong> regions in all developmental stages of <em>S. mansoni </em>to avoid silencing genes to be integrated upon CRISPR/Cas manipulation. With these criteria, we enriched for regions that were, (i) close to peaks of H3K4me3, a histone modification that is associated with euchromatin and transcription start sites, (ii) regions that did not include H3K27me3, a histone modification that is associated with heterochromatin, (iii) regions of open euchromatin accessible to Tn5 integration, in an Assay of Transposase Accessible Chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) providing a positive display of integration events, and (iv) given that HIV-1 integrates preferentially into euchromatin in human cell lines, we used sites of HIV proviral integration known from <em>S. mansoni</em> to likewise support predictions of euchromatic regions.</p> <p>Examination of the draft genome of <em>S. mansoni</em> in Worm Base Parasite, version 7 (WormBase Parasite) identified 6,884 regions with enrichment of H3K4me3 in the absence of H3K27me3 in available developmental stages (H3K4me3 not K3K27me3). In mature, adult schistosomes, we found consistently 10,533 ATAC positive regions. There were 4,027 ATAC regions that overlapped with H3K4me3 but not K3K27me3, and 2,915 genes overlapped with (ATAC and H3K4me3 not H3K27me3). Forty-two unambiguous HIV integration sites were identified, and eight genes were ≤ 11 kb upstream or downstream from these integration sites. Repeats were masked with RepeatMasker V4.1.0 using a specific repeat library produced with RepeatModeler2 V2.0.1 and stored as a GFF file.</p> <p>To identify intergenic GSH, we located 10,149 intergenic regions. There were 9,985 regions beyond 2 kb upstream and 8,837 regions outside long non-coding-RNA (lncRNA), which were intersected to 95,587 unique intergenic regions outside 2 kb and lncRNA of ≥100 bp. Two hundred regions were identified intersecting with merged ATAC H3K4me3 signal. Four of these were situated ≤ 11 kb distance from HIV integration sites. </p> <p>Made at George Washington University, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Khon Kaen University, Naresuan University, Aberystwyth University, Schistosomiasis Resource Center, IHPE. </p>
Fig. 2 in A first report of PSeUDOSUCCInea COlUMella (Say, 1817), an alien intermediate host for liver fluke, in Malawi
Fig. 2 Conchological and anatomical comparison of Pseudosuccinea columella (top row) and Radix natalensis (bottom row). a–d P.columella conchology (a, b), shell microsculpture of the black square hatched area (c) and radular teeth (d) e–h R. natalensis conchology (e, f), shell microsculpture of the black square hatched area (g) and radular teeth (h). Although there is minor variation in the shape of the inner cusp of the first lateral teeth, the discriminatory feature is the periostracum's spiral ridges
Fig. 1 in A first report of PSeUDOSUCCInea COlUMella (Say, 1817), an alien intermediate host for liver fluke, in Malawi
Fig. 1 Sketch maps of the distribution of Pseudosuccinea columella in Mangochi (a), Chikwawa (b) and Nsanje (c) Districts, southern Malawi. Red circles indicate HUGS survey sites where P. columella was found; grey circles are surveyed sites where this snail was not found. The locations are: Mangochi 1 (− 14.31373°, 35.14174°); Chikwawa 1 (− 16.03759°, 34.84091°); Nsanje 4 (− 16.88780°, 35.27475°); Nsanje 5 (− 16.92985°, 35.26552°) with corresponding location photograph. Note that the panorama image of Mangochi 1 clearly shows the stream, flowing left to right, directly connected to Lake Malawi. HUGS, Hybridisation in UroGenital Schistosomiasis (project)
Figure 4 in A new order of fishes as hosts of blood flukes (Aporocotylidae); description of a new genus and three new species infecting squirrelfishes (Holocentriformes, Holocentridae) on the Great Barrier Reef
Figure 4. Relationships between species of Holocentricola and other members of the Aporocotylidae based on phylogenetic analysis of the 28S dataset. Bayesian inference posterior probabilities values are shown above the nodes and maximum likelihood bootstrap support shown below; values of <85 and <0.85 not shown. The scale-bar indicates expected number of substitutions per site.
Figure 3 in A new order of fishes as hosts of blood flukes (Aporocotylidae); description of a new genus and three new species infecting squirrelfishes (Holocentriformes, Holocentridae) on the Great Barrier Reef
Figure 3. Species of Holocentricola from Great Barrier Reef Holocentridae, terminal genitalia, dorsal views; spines illustrated are ventral. (A) Holocentricola rufus n. sp. ex Sargocentron rubrum from off Heron Island (paratype, QM G239440); (B) Holocentricola exilis n. sp. ex Neoniphon sammara from off Lizard Island (paratype, QM G239119); (C) Holocentricola coronatus n. sp. ex Sargocentron diadema from off Lizard Island (paratype, QM G239126). Abbreviations: CS, cirrus-sac; ER, egg reservoir; FGP, female genital pore; MGP, male genital pore; Od, oviduct; Oö, oötype; Ov, ovary; PP, pars prostatica; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VD, vas deferens; VitD, vitelline duct. Scale-bars: A–C, 100 µm.
Figure 2 in A new order of fishes as hosts of blood flukes (Aporocotylidae); description of a new genus and three new species infecting squirrelfishes (Holocentriformes, Holocentridae) on the Great Barrier Reef
Figure 2. Species of Holocentricola from Great Barrier Reef Holocentridae, whole worms, ventral views. (A) Holocentricola rufus n. sp. ex Sargocentron rubrum from off Heron Island (holotype, QM G239429); (B) Holocentricola exilis n. sp. ex Neoniphon sammara from off Lizard Island (paratype, QM G239111); (C) Holocentricola coronatus n. sp. ex Sargocentron diadema from off Lizard Island (holotype, QM G239125). Scale-bars: A–C, 200 µm.
Fig. 1 in Fluke abundance versus host age for an invasive trematode (Dicrocoelium dendriticum) of sympatric elk and beef cattle in southeastern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 1. Age–abundance profiles for the trematode, D. dendriticum in a population of elk sampled from 2009 to 2011 from Cypress Hills Park, Alberta. The solid line represents the negative binomial distribution model fit using maximum likelihood; the dashed lines represent the 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 2 in Fluke abundance versus host age for an invasive trematode (Dicrocoelium dendriticum) of sympatric elk and beef cattle in southeastern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 2. Stacked frequency distribution of adult D. dendriticum in calf, juvenile, and adult elk collected between 1997 and 2011 from Cypress Hills Park, Alberta.
Fig. 4. Relationship between liver weight and host age for elk sampled from 2009 in Fluke abundance versus host age for an invasive trematode (Dicrocoelium dendriticum) of sympatric elk and beef cattle in southeastern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 4. Relationship between liver weight and host age for elk sampled from 2009 to 2011 from Cypress Hills Park, Alberta. Regression lines are maximum likelihood estimates.
Fig. 3 in Fluke abundance versus host age for an invasive trematode (Dicrocoelium dendriticum) of sympatric elk and beef cattle in southeastern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 3. Age–abundance profile of infection for the invasive trematode, D. dendriticum in beef cattle sampled from 2003 to 2013 from Cypress Hills Park, Alberta. The solid line represents the negative binomial distribution model fit using maximum likelihood; the dashed lines represent the 95% confidence interval.
Figs. 5–8 in First elucidation of a blood fluke (Electrovermis zappum n. gen., n. sp.) life cycle including a chondrichthyan or bivalve
Figs. 5–8. Sporocyst and cercaria of Electrovermis zappum Warren and Bullard n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) infecting variable coquina clam, Donax variabilis Say, 1822 (Bivalvia: Cardiida: Donacidae). (5) Sporocyst showing four cercarial bodies among several germ bodies, ventral view. (6) Photo of live sporocyst showing three germ bodies (*). (7) Body of live cercaria, ventral view. (8) Body of mounted cercaria (USNM No. 1578578–1578583), ventral view. Mouth (mo), concentric spines (cs), dorsal fin fold (df), penetration gland (pg), lateral body spines (s), gonadal anlage (ga), excretory duct (ed), tail stem (ts), nuclei (n), and furca (f).
Fig. 16 in First elucidation of a blood fluke (Electrovermis zappum n. gen., n. sp.) life cycle including a chondrichthyan or bivalve
Fig. 16. Cercaria infecting green jackknife clam, Solen viridis Say, 1821 (Bivalvia: Adapedonta: Solenidae). (16) Body of mounted cercaria (USNM No. 1578587–1578589), ventral view. Mouth (mo), penetration gland (pg), excretory vesicle (ev), tail stem (ts), and furca (f).
Fig. 17–21 in First elucidation of a blood fluke (Electrovermis zappum n. gen., n. sp.) life cycle including a chondrichthyan or bivalve
Fig. 17–21. Cercaria infecting green jackknife clam, Solen viridis Say, 1821 (Bivalvia: Adapedonta: Solenidae). (17) Cercarial body showing mouth (m), anterior-most row of spines (arrow), and connection with tail (tl). (18) Anterior end showing concentric rows of minute spines about anterior body end, lateral view. (19) High magnification view of spine (arrow) and spine rows in anterior region of cercarial body near mouth, lateral view. (20 & 21) Granular material near tegumental pore.
Figs. 9–15 in First elucidation of a blood fluke (Electrovermis zappum n. gen., n. sp.) life cycle including a chondrichthyan or bivalve
Figs. 9–15. Scanning electron microscopy and histopathology of cercaria of Electrovermis zappum Warren and Bullard n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) infecting variable coquina clam, Donax variabilis Say, 1822 (Bivalvia: Cardiida: Donacidae). (9) Whole body, arrow = dorsal fin fold. (10) Body, white arrows = possible secretion masses from penetration glands; white bar = anterior-most end including concentric spines; white arrows = lateral body spine rows, lateral view (11) Higher magnification of lateral body margin, arrows = tegumental papillae. (12) Higher magnification of anterior body end, showing space between spines of anterior sucker and those of the lateral body margin. (13) Histological section of infected gonad adjacent to intestinal arms (ia) and digestive diverticulum (dd). (14) Histological section showing infiltration of hemocytes (*) surrounding intestinal arm (ia), spororcysts (sp), and ooctyes (arrow). (15) Higher magnification of sporocyst containing developed cercaria (arrow) adjacent to digestive diverticulum (dd).
Fig. 22 in First elucidation of a blood fluke (Electrovermis zappum n. gen., n. sp.) life cycle including a chondrichthyan or bivalve
Fig. 22. Life cycle of Electrovermis zappum Warren and Bullard n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) infecting the heart of the lesser electric ray, Narcine bancroftii (Griffith and Smith, 1834) Carvalho, 2001 (Torpediniformes: Narcinidae), and the variable coquina clam, Donax variabilis Say, 1822 (Bivalvia: Cardiida: Donacidae). (22) Letters indicate the life history: A) egg or miracidium emerges from definitive host, N. bancroftii; B) miracidium infects the intermediate host, D. variabilis; C) clonal asexual reproduction occurs in sporocyst and cercariae emerge; D) cercariae infect neonates, juveniles, or adults of N. bancroftii.
Fig. 2 in Living with liver flukes: Does migration matter?
Fig. 2. Liver fluke prevalence and intensity. Liver fluke prevalence (top; infected animals/all animals sampled) and liver fluke intensity (bottom; EPG) detected in faecal pellets of each elk migrant tactic at the population (left) and individual level (right) separated by sampling year (2017 in dark grey, 2018 in light grey). Bars represent 95% confidence intervals for prevalence and standard error for intensity. Significant differences within years (α = 0.5) are indicated with a,b,c where no letters indicate no significant difference.
Fig. 1 in Living with liver flukes: Does migration matter?
Fig. 1. Study Area Map. The Ya Ha Tinda in relation to Banff National Park in western Canada and locations of elk faecal samples collected in 2017–2018 by migration tactic.
Fig. 6 in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA
Fig. 6. Livestock farms in the Northern Tablelands region of NSW, Australia, with Macropods harbouring liver fluke infections (December 2018–June 2021).
Fig. 5 in Prevalence and gross pathology of liver fluke in macropods cohabiting livestock farms in north eastern NSW, Australia, and diagnosis using cELISA
Fig. 5. Scatter plot of Fasciola hepatica coproantigen concentration (optical density, 450 nm) and total fluke count in Macropods.
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