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36 results for “Forest Ecosystem Services”
Land cover, landscape metrics and typology of European cities for Urban Forest Ecosystem Services (UFES) evaluation
<p>The data refers to the paper "<em>Urban Forests as Regulating Ecosystems: Types and Ranking of European Cities</em>"</p> <p>The datasets provide a typology for 689 European urban areas, the land cover metrics and landscape metrics used to create the typology and the Urban Forest Ecosystem Services (UFES) indexes created from them.</p> <p>The typology of Urban Forest Ecosystem Services (UFES) presents 10 clusters of cities aggregated into 4 groups: Forest cities, Anthropogenic cities, Herbaceous cities and Standard European cities. The data can be used to support urban planning policies at local and regional scales; in urban forestry, urban form and ecosystem services work related at different spatial scales. The metrics used capture the spatial integration of different layers of natural, semi-natural and artificial land within functional urban areas.</p> <p> </p> <p>The datasets are a csv file (<code>Metrics.csv</code>) and a shapefile (<code>UFES.shp</code>) of polygons with attributes.</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>UFES.shp</code> attributes' are the following: FUA codes, country name, main city name, clusters and groups of FUAs resulting from the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), the R color codes used in the article, the five UFES budget indexes as well as an aggregated global UFES index for each FUA.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>Metrics.csv</code> contains the FUA codes, the land cover and landscape metrics used in the HCA.</p> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Climate targets in European timber-producing countries conflict with goals on forest ecosystem services and biodiversity
<p>The repository contains the data and codes supporting the findings of the study:<strong> </strong>Climate targets in European timber-producing countries conflict with goals on forest ecosystem services and biodiversity, which can be found in the zip file "<strong>euclimate_vs_natpolicy-main.zip"</strong>. </p> <p>Further, the repository includes the raw forest simulation data used as input for the multi-objective optimizations and the raw optimization outputs of each study region. The codes to run the national optimization can be retrieved from <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631109">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631109</a>.</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>The European Union (EU) set clear climate change mitigation targets to reach climate neutrality, accounting for forests and their woody biomass resources. We investigated the consequences of increased harvest demands resulting from EU climate targets. We analysed the impacts on national policy objectives for forest ecosystem services and biodiversity through empirical forest simulation and multi-objective optimization methods. We show that key European timber-producing countries – Finland, Sweden, Germany (Bavaria) – cannot fulfil the increased harvest demands linked to the ambitious 1.5°C target. Potentials for harvest increase only exists in the studied region Norway. However, focusing on EU climate targets conflicts with several national policies and causes adverse effects on multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity. We argue that the role of forests and their timber resources in achieving climate targets and societal decarbonization should not be overstated. Our study provides insight for other European countries challenged by conflicting policies and supports policymakers.</p>
Data from: Deer-mediated ecosystem service vs. disservice depends on forest management intensity
MANUSCRIPT ABSTRACT <p>As global terrestrial biodiversity declines via land-use intensification, society has placed increasing value on non-commercial species as providers of ecosystem services. Yet, many deer species and non-crop plants are perceived negatively when they decrease crop productivity, leading to reduced economic gains and human-wildlife conflict. We hypothesized that deer provide an ecosystem service in forest plantations by controlling competition and promoting crop-tree growth, although the effects of herbivory may depend on forest management intensity. If management negatively affects foraging habitat at local and landscape scales, then we expected browsing to shift to less-palatable crop trees. To test these hypotheses, we established a 5-year experiment that manipulated early forest management intensity via herbicide treatments and access of two deer species to vegetation via exclosures. Contrary to our hypothesis, deer provided an ecosystem service at high management intensities and a disservice occurred with low-intensity management. Crop-tree growth and survival was greatest when herbivory and herbicides suppressed broadleaf regeneration. In contrast, crop-tree growth was lowest when broadleaf vegetation was retained and crop-trees were subject to both browse damage and competition. We found a positive, yet variable, association between deer detections and stand- and landscape-scale broadleaf habitat, and despite initial reductions in forage, herbivory pressure was similar among management intensities. When broadleaf vegetation was suppressed by herbicides and herbivory, selection of herbaceous forage by deer intensified, likely aiding in the service. Overall, our findings indicate that the effects of vegetation management for promoting timber production are highly dependent on the presence of large herbivores.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Although deer are thought to reduce crop productivity in many systems, we found that herbivory switched from reducing crop tree growth where non-crop vegetation was retained, to promoting crop tree growth when both herbivory and herbicides suppressed competing vegetation. However, the provision of this ecosystem service is likely contingent on the amount of forage available in the landscape and subsequent foraging pressure. We conclude that nature's capacity to provide ecosystem services depends on the intensity of management at local and landscape scales.</p>
Supply of and demand for forest ecosystem services (including various GIS forest descriptors)
<p>This data-set shows distribution of supply of and demand for forest ecosystem services (total of 11) across Europe. Various descriptors of forests are included, including location embeddings. All data is a raster on 1 x 1 km spatial resolution. Detailed description is presented in the Metadata & Data description file. Associated code for is available at https://github.com/marcuslovricus/FES_supply_demand</p>
The biodiversity and ecosystem service contributions and trade-offs of forest restoration approaches
<p>Forest restoration is being scaled-up globally to deliver critical ecosystem services and biodiversity benefits, yet we lack rigorous comparison of co-benefit delivery across different restoration approaches. In a global synthesis (Hua et al. 2022, Science; DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abl4649">10.1126/science.abl4649</a>), we use 25,950 matched data pairs from 264 studies in 53 countries to assess how delivery of climate, soil, water, and wood production services as well as biodiversity compares across a range of tree plantations and native forests. Carbon storage, water provisioning, and especially soil erosion control and biodiversity benefits are all delivered better by native forests, with compositionally simpler, younger plantations in drier regions performing particularly poorly. However, plantations exhibit an advantage in wood production. These results underscore important trade-offs among environmental and production goals that policymakers must navigate in meeting forest restoration commitments. The Excel file and the R code here are the datasets and analysis code that underlie the above study.</p>
Data collection for article "Quantifying Local Ecosystem Service Outcomes by Modelling Their Supply, Demand and Flow in Myanmar's Forest Frontier Landscape"
<p>This dataset contains the nine ecosystem service models (in .neta format) underlying the publication "Quantifying Local Ecosystem Service Outcomes by Modelling Their Supply, Demand and Flow in Myanmar’s Forest Frontier Landscape". The ecosystem models were implemented using the commercial software Netica (version 6.05) for constructing and analysing Bayesian Networks.</p>
Data collection for article "Local Perspectives on Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs in a Forest Frontier Landscape in Myanmar"
<p>This dataset contains 46 transcripts from semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. An overview of the interviews is additionally provided, as well as information on the encoding. These data underlie the publication "Local Perspectives on Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs in a Forest Frontier Landscape in Myanmar".</p>
Fig.1 in Preliminary Biophysical Assessment Of Forest Ecosystem Services: Two Model Area Examples
Fig.1. Ecosystem service class: biomass energy products. Indicator: potential energy wood supply within felling limits.
Fig. 2 in Preliminary Biophysical Assessment Of Forest Ecosystem Services: Two Model Area Examples
Fig. 2. Ecosystem service class: global climate regulation by reduction of GHG concentration. Indicator: Estimated carbon stock in live above-ground tree biomass.
Data and analysis code for Repo et al., "Contrasting forest management strategies: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services under changing climate and disturbance regimes"
<p>This repository contains analysis code and pre-processed data for the study "Contrasting forest management strategies: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services under changing climate and disturbance regimes" by Repo et al.<br>Data processing and analysis mainly done by Aapo Jantunen, Katharina Albrich<br>Due to respository space limitations, the original model outputs are archived in the Finnish "Allas" data storage service. For access, contact katharina.albrich@luke.fi<br>The code used to process the raw data is included here for reproducibility.</p> <p>If you are interested in using iLand, visit https://iland-model.org/ and https://iland-model.org/iland-book/ for information on using the model and a guide to setting up a landscape.</p> <p><span>This work was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry by funding project Future multifunctional forests and their disturbance risk in the changing climate (Foster) through the “Catch the Carbon” initiative (<span>project number VN/28654/2020)</span>. A.R. has been supported by the grant [TRACY Trade-offs and synergies in land-based climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation decision 322066 by the Academy of Finland.], J. H by the grant [CASCADE - Changing Disturbance Regimes and Forest Landscapes of Fennoscandia 342569 by the Academy of Finland]. </span></p> <p> </p>
Data from: Deer-mediated ecosystem service vs. disservice depends on forest management intensity
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Ecosystem services at risk from disturbance in Europe's forests
<p>This repository contains the risk map for each ecosystem service (timber supply, carbon storage, soil erosion control, outdoor recreation) and disturbance (windthrows, bark beetle, wildfires). It also includes the individual risk components: exposed values, hazard magnitude, susceptibility and lack of adaptive capacity. The exact details and methods are described in the following paper: </p> <p>Lecina-Diaz J, Senf C, Grünig M, Seidl R (2024). Ecosystem services at risk from disturbance in Europe’s forests. Global Change Biology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16172">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17242</a></p> <p>The spatial reference system is EPSG 3035 (ETRS89 / LAEA Europe).</p>
Data from: Forest carbon sink in the U.S. (1870–2012) driven by substitution of forest ecosystem service flows
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Fig. 4 in Preliminary Biophysical Assessment Of Forest Ecosystem Services: Two Model Area Examples
Fig. 4. Ecosystem class: mediation of noise impacts, indicator: Estimated noise reduction.
Dataset (n=1671) of the publication "Small-scale private forest owners and the European Natura 2000 conservation network: Perceived ecosystem services, management practices, and nature conservation attitudes"
<p>The excel file contains the replies of small-scale private forest owners in Lower Saxony, Germany, to certain questions of a survey analyzed within the following publication: "Small-scale private forest owners and the European Natura 2000 conservation network: Perceived ecosystem services, management practices, and nature conservation attitudes”.<br> <br> The questions included in this dataset cover their objectives, management activities, attitudes and forest stand structures. Further details can be found in the second sheet of the file called “Code explanation”.<br> <br> More information about the methods of data collection can be found in the before-mentioned publication.</p>
Fire recurrence and time since last fire interact to determine the supply of multiple ecosystem services by Mediterranean forests
<p>Wildfires shape the composition and functioning of Mediterranean ecosystems, but we do not know how these ecosystems respond to both the higher fire recurrence and shorter recovery times expected for future climatic scenarios. We sampled 29 plots with different fire recurrences (from 0 to 4 fires over the past decades) and time since the last fire (up to 35 years; hereafter TSLF) in Southeast Spain, to assess the effect of fire recurrence and TSLF on 25 ecosystem attributes, five related ecosystem services (biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, disturbance regulation, food production, and supporting services), plus the synergies and trade-offs between them. High fire recurrence (number of fires) and TSLF interacted to determine ecosystem services but did not affect the synergies and trade-offs between them. Fire recurrence reduced many ecosystem functions and ecosystem multifunctionality. However, this effect dampened, and even became positive, for biodiversity conservation and food production services provided enough (> 20 years) time to recover. The combined effects of fire recurrence and TSLF, however, reduced carbon sequestration and had no overall effects on supporting services. Disturbance regulation, in turn, diminished drastically with the first fire, with no effect of further fires or their interaction with TSLF. Our results show which ecosystem services will suffer more from an increase in fire recurrence, and where restoration and management efforts should focus to maximize the provision of those services more demanded by stakeholders.</p>
Future supply of boreal forest ecosystem services is driven by management rather than by climate change
<p><span>Forests provide a wide variety of ecosystem services (ES) to society. The boreal biome is experiencing the highest rates of warming on the planet and increasing demand for forest products. To foresee how to maximize the adaptation of boreal forests to future warmer conditions and growing demands of forest products, we need a better understanding of the relative importance of forest management and climate change on the supply of ecosystem services. Here, using Finland as a boreal forest case study, we assessed the potential supply of a wide range of ES (timber, bilberry, cowberry, mushrooms, carbon storage, scenic beauty, species habitat availability and deadwood) given seven management regimes and four climate change scenarios. We used the forest simulator SIMO to project forest dynamics for 100 years into the future (2016–2116) and estimate the potential supply of each service using published models. Then, we tested the relative importance of management and climate change as drivers of the future supply of these services using generalized linear mixed models. Our results show that the effects of management on the future supply of these ES were, on average, eleven times higher than the effects of climate change across all services but greatly differed among them (from 0.53 to 24 times higher for timber and cowberry, respectively). Notably, the importance of these drivers substantially differed among biogeographical zones within the boreal biome. The effects of climate change were 1.6 times higher in northern Finland than in southern Finland, whereas the effects of management were the opposite – they were three times higher in the south compared to the north. We conclude that new guidelines for adapting forests to global change should account for regional differences and the variation in the effects of climate change and management on different forest ES.</span></p>
Data from: More future synergies and less trade‐offs between forest ecosystem services with natural climate solutions instead of bioeconomy solutions
<p>To reach the Paris Agreement, societies need to increase the global terrestrial carbon sink. There are many climate change mitigation solutions (CCMS) for forests, including increasing bioenergy, bioeconomy and protection. Bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions use climate-smart, intensive management to generate high quantities of bioenergy and bioproducts. Protection of (semi-)natural forests is a major component of 'natural climate solution' (NCS) since forests store carbon in standing biomass and soil. Furthermore, protected forests provide more habitat for biodiversity and non-wood ecosystem services (ES). We investigated the impacts of different CCMS and climate scenarios, jointly or in isolation, on future wood ES, non-wood ES, and regulating ES for a major wood provider for the international market. Specifically, we projected future ES given by three CCMS scenarios for Sweden 2020-2100. In the long term, fulfilling the increasing wood demand through bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions will decrease ES multifunctionality, but the increased stand age and wood stocks induced by rising greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations will partially offset these negative effects. Adopting bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions will have a greater negative impact on ES supply than adopting NCS. Bioenergy or bioeconomy solutions, as well as increasing GHG emissions, will reduce synergies and increase trade-offs in ES. NCS, by contrast, increases the supply of multiple ES in synergy, even transforming current ES trade-offs into future synergies. Moreover, NCS can be considered an adaptation measure to offset negative climate change effects on the future supplies of non-wood ES. In boreal countries around the world, forestry strategies that integrate NCS more deeply are crucial to ensure a synergistic supply of multiple ES.</p>
Future supply of boreal forest ecosystem services is driven by management rather than by climate change
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Fire recurrence and time since last fire interact to determine the supply of multiple ecosystem services by Mediterranean forests
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