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110 results for “Forest recovery”
Hurricane Recovery Plots at Harvard Forest 1937-1991
The New England hurricane of 1938, by destroying many acres of mature and semi-mature forests, initiated new forest associations over a large area. Permanent plots were established across the Harvard Forest in severely damaged stands (many of which were logged subsequent to the hurricane) to assess forest succession. Most of the plots involved successions following the blowdown of white pine on glacial till or outwash soils. From 1940 - 1948, and in 1978 and 1991, tree density and presence/absence of herb and shrub species were tallied. Pioneer species regenerating from seed and advance regeneration of longer-lived species quickly established at the sites; hemlock was the only species successfully regenerating after year 10, and most tree species were present within 2-4 years of the hurricane. By 1978, pioneer species such as gray birch and pin cherry declined or disappeared and red maple, white pine, paper birch and red oak dominated the plots. By 1991, most understory species present before the hurricane had returned, although there was a small group of understory species that apparently were more sensitive to disturbance and did not recover.
Data associated with the 2019 Freshwater Oil Spill Remediation Study (FOReSt) assessing the use of enhanced Monitored Natural Recovery (eMNR) and shoreline washing agent (SWA) of diluted bitumen spills conducted in shoreline enclosures at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area, ON, Canada from 2019 to 2020
The following package includes data from the 2019 Freshwater Oil spill Remediation Study (FOReSt) at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area studying the use of enhanced monitored natural recovery (eMNR) and shoreline washing agent (SWA) as a secondary remediation method for diluted bitumen spills in freshwater shoreline enclosures. This package includes data tables on polycyclic aromatic compound chemistry in water and sediments, basic water quality, nutrient chemistry, and tritium chemistry monitored in the experimental and reference enclosures, and lake reference sites over the duration of the study. Data included in this package was first collected and used in the paper by Palace et al., titled Polycyclic aromatic compounds in freshwater ecosystems following non-invasive remediation of controlled diluted bitumen spills: The Freshwater Oil Spill Remediation Study (FOReSt) at the Experimental Lakes Area, Canada.
The 2021 Freshwater Oil Spill Remediation Study (FOReSt), assessing the use of enhanced Monitored Natural Recovery (eMNR) of conventional heavy crude oil spills conducted in freshwater shoreline enclosures at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area, ON, Canada from 2021 to 2022.
The following package includes data from the 2021 Freshwater Oil spill Remediation Study (FOReSt) at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area studying the use of enhanced monitored natural recovery (eMNR) as a secondary remediation method for conventional heavy crude oil spills in freshwater shoreline enclosures. This package includes data tables on polycyclic aromatic compound chemistry in water and sediments, basic water quality, nutrient chemistry monitored in the experimental and reference enclosures, and lake reference sites over the duration of the study. As well as tables detailing enclosure metrics (depth), tritium chemistry, and a treatment key. Data included in this package was first collected and used in the paper by Stanley et al., titled Rapid Chemical Remediation of Freshwater Enclosures Treated with Conventional Heavy Crude Oil Spills Followed by Enhanced Monitored Natural Recovery
Dataset: Country-wide mapping of harvest areas and post-harvest forest recovery using Landsat time series data in Japan
<p><strong>Description:</strong><br>This version of the repository holds an updated dataset of the annual forest disturbance agents/stable land cover maps across Japan using Landsat time series data. This version covers the period for 1985-2023 (1985-2019 in the original dataset). Harvest, Conversion, Thinning, and Other disturbances are mapped as different disturbance agents. The maps cover the entire country of Japan, excluding several isolated islands. The maps are available in compressed GeoTIFF format in Albers Equal Area Conic projection. The maps can be browsed in <a href="https://dulvrq3317.users.earthengine.app/view/japan-harvest-year-1985-2023">Google Earth Engine Apps</a>.</p> <p><strong>Citation:</strong><br>Shimizu, K. and Saito, H. (2021) Country-wide mapping of harvest areas and post-harvest forest recovery using Landsat time series data in Japan. <em>International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation</em> 104: 102555. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102555">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102555</a></p> <p><strong>Period:</strong><br>1985 to 2023 annually</p> <p><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong><br>30m</p> <p><strong>Projection:</strong><br>Albers Equal Area Conic Projection (Two standard parallels: 33N and 44N, Central Meridian: 135E)</p>
Fruit-feeding butterfly community data analysed in "Recovery patterns in community composition of fruit-feeding butterflies following 26 years of active forest restoration"
<p>Community data of fruit-feeding butterflies collected from Kibale National Park, Uganda, in the periods 2011-2012 and 2020-2021 analysed in our paper Korkiatupa et al. 2023: "Recovery patterns in community composition of fruit-feeding butterflies following 26 years of active forest restoration" (<em>Ecosphere</em> <span>14</span>(<span>5</span>): e4514. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4514">https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4514</a>).</p> <p>The table consists of two parts. First part shows counts of individuals of butterfly species in each study site. Second part shows the metadata: code of studysite, census (2011-2012/2020-2021), planting year (planting year or "Primary forest"), and coordinates (WGS 84 coordinate system).</p>
Less fuel for the next fire? Short-interval fire delays forest recovery and interacting drivers amplify effects, Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Montana and Wyoming, USA
As 21st-century climate and disturbance dynamics depart from historical baselines, ecosystem resilience is uncertain. Multiple drivers are changing simultaneously, and interactions among drivers could amplify ecosystem vulnerability to change. We explored how interacting drivers affected post-fire recovery of subalpine forests, which Subalpine forests in Greater Yellowstone (Northern Rocky Mountains, USA) were historically resilient to infrequent (100-300 year), severe fire., in Greater Yellowstone (Northern Rocky Mountains, USA). We sampled paired short- (< 30 year) and long- (> 125 year) interval post-fire plots most recently last burned between 1988 and 2018 to address two questions: (1) How do short-interval fire, climate, topography, and distance to unburned live forest edge and other factors (topography, distance to live edge) interact to affect post-fire forest recoveryregeneration? (2) How do forest biomass and fuels vary following short- versus long-interval severe fires? Mean post-fire live stem density was an order of magnitude lower following short- versus long-interval fires (3,240 versus 28,741 stems ha-1, respectively). Differences between paired plots increased with greater climate water deficit normal (ρ = 0.67) and were amplified at longer distances to live forest edge. Surprisingly, warmer-drier climate was associated with higher seedling densities even after short-interval fire, likely relating to regional variation in serotiny of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia). Unlike conifers, density of aspen (Populus tremuloides), a deciduous resprouter, increased with short- versus long-interval fire (mean 384 versus 62 stems ha-1, respectively). Live biomass and canopy fuels remained low nearly 30 years after short-interval fire, in contrast to rapid recovery after long-interval fire, suggesting that future burn severity may be reduced for several decades following reburns. Short-interval plots also had half as much dead woody biomass compar
Data for: Sparse subalpine forest recovery pathways, plant communities, and carbon stocks 34 years after stand-replacing fire (Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming, USA; 2022)
We assessed postfire forest recovery pathways, stem densities, understory plant communities, and carbon stocks across 55 plots in areas exhibiting sparse and reduced forest recovery 34 years after the 1988 Yellowstone Fires in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming, USA. Recovery pathways were identified using plot-level frequency distributions of tree ages and correlated with potentially important biotic and abiotic variables (e.g., elevation, seed source distance). Species- and age-specific stem densities were similarly regressed across environmental factors to determine variability in forest recovery across the sampled landscape. Understory plant communities were sampled in 0.25m-square quadrats and environmental drivers of individual species occurrence and whole compositional shifts were determined. Finally, carbon stock sizes were derived from field measures of tree characteristics, understory cover, and soil combined with regionally derived allometric equations. Data collection is complete and is part of a forthcoming manuscript at Ecological Monographs.
Data for: Reburning before recovery: Effects of short-interval fire on subalpine forest nitrogen stocks and fluxes
In forests adapted to infrequent (>100-yr) stand-replacing fires, novel short-interval (<30-yr) fires have started to burn young forests before they recover from previous burns. Postfire tree regeneration is reduced, plant communities shift, soils are hotter and drier, but effects on biogeochemical cycling are unresolved. This study focused on how postfire nitrogen (N) stocks, N availability and N fixation varied in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests burned at long and short intervals in Grand Teton National Park (Wyoming, USA). This data package includes our field data from 2021 and 2022, along with laboratory analyses of foliar and litter chemistry, resin-sorbed N, and field measurements of N fixation. The data included here were also used to compute aboveground N stocks. Our study found that short-interval fires reduced and repartitioned aboveground N stocks, but soil N stocks were unaffected. Results indicate that these shifts in N pools and fluxes suggest reburns can markedly alter N cycling in subalpine forests. The citation for the publication associated with these data is: Turner, M. G., R. E. Heumann, N. G. Kiel, J. A. Warren, and C. C. Cleveland. Reburning before recovery: Effects of short-interval fire on subalpine forest nitrogen stocks and fluxes. Ecosystems (In press)
Identifying functional impacts of heat-resistant fungi on boreal forest recovery after wildfire
<p>Fungi play key roles in carbon (C) dynamics of ecosystems: saprotrophs decompose organic material and return C in the nutrient cycle, and mycorrhizal species support plants that accumulate C through photosynthesis. The identities and functions of extremophile fungi present after fire can influence C dynamics, particularly because plant-fungal relationships are often species-specific. However, little is known about the function and distribution of fungi that survive fires. We aim to assess the distribution of heat-resistant soil fungi across burned stands of boreal forest in the Northwest Territories, Canada, and understand their functions in relation to decomposition and tree seedling growth. We cultured and identified fungi from heat-treated soils and linked sequences from known taxa with high throughput sequencing fungal data (Illumina MiSeq, ITS1) from soils collected in 47 plots. We assessed functions under controlled conditions by inoculating litter and seedlings with heat-resistant fungi to assess decomposition and effects on seedling growth, respectively, for black spruce (Picea mariana), birch (Betula papyrifera), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana). We also measured litter decomposition rates and seedling densities in the field without inoculation. We isolated seven taxa of heat-resistant fungi and found their relative abundances were not associated with environmental or fire characteristics. Under controlled conditions, Fayodia gracilipes and Penicillium arenicola decomposed birch, but no taxa decomposed black spruce litter significantly more than the control treatment. Seedlings showed reduced biomass and/or mortality when inoculated with at least one of the fungal taxa. Penicillium turbatum reduced growth and/or caused mortality of all three species of seedlings. In the field, birch litter decomposed faster in stands with greater pre-fire proportion of black spruce, while black spruce litter decomposed faster in stands experiencing longer fire-free intervals. Densities of seedlings that had germinated since fire were positively associated with ectomycorrhizal richness while there were fewer conifer seedlings with greater heat-resistant fungal abundance. Overall, our study suggests that extremophile fungi present after fires have multiple functions and may have unexpected negative effects on forest functioning and regeneration. In particular, heat-resistant fungi after fires may promote shifts away from conifer dominance that are observed in these boreal forests.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: A changing climate is snuffing out post-fire recovery in montane forests
Aim: <p>Climate warming is increasing fire activity in many of Earth's forested ecosystems. Because fire is an important catalyst for change, investigation of post-fire vegetation response is crucial for understanding the potential for future conversions from forest to non-forest vegetation types. To better understand effects of wildfire and climate warming on forest recovery, we assessed the extent to which climate and terrain influence spatiotemporal variation in past and future post-fire tree regeneration.</p> Location: <p>Montane forests, Rocky Mountains, USA</p> Time Period: <p>1981-2099</p> Taxa Studied: <p><i>Pinus ponderosa</i>; <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i></p> Methods: <p>We developed a network of dendrochronological samples (n = 717) and field plots (n = 1301) from post-fire environments spanning a range of topographic and climatic settings. We then used boosted regression trees to predict annual suitability for post-fire seedling establishment and generalized linear mixed models to predict total post-fire seedling abundances, reconstructing recent trends in post-fire recovery and projecting future dynamics using three general circulation models (GCMs) under moderate and extreme emission scenarios.</p> Results: <p>Though 1981-2015 declines in growing season (April-September) precipitation were associated with declining suitability for seedling establishment, 2021-2099 trends in precipitation were widely variable among GCMs, leading to mixed projections of future establishment suitability. In contrast, climatic water deficit (CWD), strongly tied to warming temperature and increased evaporative demand, was projected to increase throughout our study area. Our projections strongly suggest that future increases in CWD and an increased frequency of extreme drought will reduce post-fire seedling abundances.</p> Main Conclusions: <p>Our findings highlight the key roles of warming and drying in declines in forest resilience to wildfire. The striking differences in projections of post-fire recovery between moderate and extreme emissions scenarios suggest that the most extreme impacts on forest resilience in the latter part of the 21<sup>st</sup> century may be mitigated with aggressive emissions reductions in the next two decades.</p>
Rapid ant community re-assembly in a Neotropical forest: recovery dynamics and land-use legacy
<p>Regrowing secondary forests dominate tropical regions today, and a mechanistic understanding of their recovery dynamics provides important insights for conservation. In particular, land-use legacy effects on the fauna have rarely been investigated. One of the most ecologically dominant and functionally important animal groups in tropical forests are ants. Here, we investigated the recovery of ant communities in a forest – agricultural habitat mosaic in the Ecuadorian Chocó region. We used a replicated chronosequence of previously used cacao plantations and pastures with 1 – 34 years of regeneration time to study the recovery dynamics of species communities and functional diversity across the two land use legacies. We compared two independent components of responses on these community properties: resistance, which is measured as the proportion of an initial property that remains following the disturbance; and resilience, which is the rate of recovery relative to its loss. We found that compositional and trait structure similarity to old-growth forest communities increased with regeneration age, whereas ant species richness remained always at a high level along the chronosequence. Land-use legacies influenced species composition, with former cacao plantations showing higher resemblance to old-growth forests than former pastures along the chronosequence. While resistance was low for species composition and high for species richness and traits, all community properties had similarly high resilience. In essence, our results show that ant communities of the Chocó recovery rapidly, with former cacao reaching predicted old-growth forest community levels after 21 years and pastures after 29 years. Recovery in this community was faster than reported from other ecosystems and was likely facilitated by the low-intensity farming in agricultural sites and their proximity to old-growth forest remnants. Our study indicates the great recovery potential for this otherwise highly threatened biodiversity hotspot.</p>
Data from: Active restoration accelerates recovery of tropical forest bird assemblages over two decades
<p>Choosing effective methods to restore habitat for the diverse faunal assemblages of tropical forests is hampered by lack of long-term data comparing multiple restoration treatments. We conducted area counts of bird assemblages over 12 years (~5-17 years since restoration) in a blocked experiment with two active planted treatments (tree plantations and applied nucleation) and a passive restoration treatment (natural regeneration) replicated at 11 sites in Costa Rica. We also surveyed six pastures and five remnant forest sites to assess recovery of avian species richness, composition, forest specialists, and range-restricted species in restoration plots relative to degraded and reference systems. Restoration treatments showed increased resemblance of avian assemblages to remnant forest over time. Applied nucleation proved equally effective as plantation, despite a reduced planted area, whereas natural regeneration recovered more slowly. Assemblage-level trends in avian species richness and compositional similarity to reference forest are underpinned by reductions in use by pasture birds and by gradual increases in richness of forest-affiliated species. Because forest-affiliated species tend to have narrower distributions than the open-country species they replace, forest restoration can reduce biotic homogenization at the local scale. Restoration practitioners should consider applied nucleation as an alternative to standard plantations if seeking rapid recovery of bird assemblages. However, the ecological return on investment from natural regeneration increases over a couple of decades. Managers should monitor trends in forest-affiliated and range-restricted species to track the recovery of the full avian assemblages, since coarse metrics like species richness and overall compositional similarity may plateau relatively quickly.</p>
Fig. 1 in Assessing the potential for avifauna recovery in degraded forests in Indonesia
Fig. 1. NMDS ordination biplots of bird species (e.g., sp1) that show a significant difference in their densities between less and highly degraded forest with the habitat variables (text) superimposed. Bird species code: (sp1) yellow-bellied bulbul Alophoixus phaeocephalus; (sp2) hairy-backed bulbul Tricholestes criniger; (sp3) green iora Aegithina viridissima; (sp4) scaly-crowned babbler Malacopteron cinereum; (sp5) chestnut-rumped babbler Stachyris maculata; (sp6) rufous-tailed shama Trichixos pyrrhopygus; (sp7) blue-winged leafbird Chloropsis cochincinensis; (sp8) greater racket-tailed drongo Dicrurus paradiseus; (sp9) short-tailed babbler Malacocincla malaccensis; (sp10) black-capped babbler Pellorneum capistratum; (sp11) blue-eared barbet Psilopogon duvaucelii; (sp12) brown barbet Calorhamphus hayii; (sp13) black-headed bulbul Pycnonotus atriceps; (sp14) spectacled bulbul Pycnonotus erythropthalmos; (sp15) olive-winged bulbul Pycnonotus plumosus; (sp16) cream-vented bulbul Pycnonotus simplex; (sp17) sooty-capped babbler Malacopteron affine; (sp18) fluffybacked tit-babbler Macronous ptilosus; (sp19) purple-naped sunbird Hypogramma hypogrammicum.
Active restoration fosters better recovery of tropical rainforest birds than natural regeneration in degraded forest fragments
<ol> <li>Ecological restoration has emerged as a key strategy for conserving tropical forests and habitat specialists, and monitoring faunal recovery using indicator taxa like birds can help assess restoration success. Few studies have examined, however, whether active restoration achieves better recovery of bird communities than natural regeneration, or how bird recovery relates to habitat affiliations of species in the community.</li> <li>In rainforests restored over the past two decades in a fragmented landscape (Western Ghats, India), we examined whether bird species richness and community composition recovery in 23 actively restored (AR) sites was significantly better than recovery in paired naturally regenerating (NR) sites, relative to 23 undisturbed benchmark (BM) rainforests. We measured 8 habitat variables and tested whether bird recovery tracked habitat recovery, whether rainforest and open-country birds showed contrasting patterns, and assessed species-level responses to restoration.</li> <li>We recorded 92 bird species in 460 point-count surveys. Rainforest bird species richness was highest in BM, intermediate in AR, and lowest in NR. Contrastingly, open-country bird species richness was least in BM, intermediate in AR, and highest in NR.</li> <li>Bird community composition varied significantly across treatment types with composition in AR in transition from NR to BM. Bird community dissimilarity between sites was positively related to dissimilarity in habitat structure and floristics, and geographic distance between sites. Variance partitioning indicated that structural and floristic dissimilarity explained 90% of the variation in community composition.</li> <li>Indicator species analysis revealed significant associations of 34 species with one or more treatment types. Species associated with BM and AR treatment types were all rainforest species, while only 38% of species associated with AR and NR treatment types were rainforest species.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>: We show that active restoration of degraded fragments benefits rainforest birds and reduces the infiltration of open-country birds, and highlight the importance of considering rainforest and open-country species separately. In human-modified tropical rainforest landscapes, active restoration of degraded fragments fosters partial recovery and complements protection of mature forests for bird conservation.</li> </ol>
Supporting biophysical data for "The ecosystem wilting point defines drought response and recovery of a Quercus-Carya forest"
<p>The data in this product support analyses in the paper titled "The ecosystem wilting point defines drought response and recovery of a Quercus-Carya forest".</p> <p>The data in this submission include leaf area index (LAI_MOFLUX_2008_2009_2012.csv) and soil water retention curves (MOFLUX_SWRC_data.csv).</p> <p><strong>Leaf area index</strong></p> <p>Each data record in LAI_MOFLUX_2008_2009_2012.csv consists of transect level mean single-sided leaf area index (LAI) values for 5 transects measured during the growing seasons of years 2008, 2009, and 2012. Records are uniquely identified by Year and DOY (day of year). Data were collected using a plant canopy analyzer (model LAI-2000). Data columns are defined by headers. Missing data are represented by values of -9999.</p> <p>Table 1. Header definitions of LAI_MOFLUX_2008_2009_2012.csv data file.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Column</td> <td>Header name</td> <td>Definition</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Year</td> <td>Year of observation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>DOY</td> <td>Day of year of observation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>LAI_SE</td> <td>Mean LAI of southeast transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>LAI_S</td> <td>Mean LAI of south transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>LAI_SW</td> <td>Mean LAI of southwest transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>LAI_W</td> <td>Mean LAI of west transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>LAI_NW</td> <td>Mean LAI of northwest transect</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Soil water retention curves</strong></p> <p>Soil water retention curves for two soil depth ranges (0-30 cm and >30 cm) are reported in MOFLUX_SWRC_data.csv. Soil samples were collected near the MOFLUX tower. Samples were evaluated periodically for soil water potential using a dewpoint potentiometer (Decagon Devices, Model WP4C) and a pressure plate as they dried over time.</p> <p>There are 4 columns of data in MOFLUX_SWRC_data.csv. The first two columns contain data for the 0-30 cm depth range, and the second columns contain data for the >30 cm depth range. Each curve is defined by volumetric water content (VWC, %) and soil water potential (SWP, MPa). Missing data are represented by values of -9999.</p> <p> </p>
Tropical cyclones facilitate recovery of forest leaf area from dry spells in East Asia
<p>This online repository copies the source code and the download link of the input data for the research work of analyzing forest leaf area change due to the TC activities in the west pacific ocean basin. </p> <p><strong>TC Track data, mask, climate reanalysis, leaf area, ERA5 (wind speed, surface pressure data), and SPEI dataset: </strong></p> <p><a href="http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/YizTR8HPR">http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/YizTR8HPR</a></p> <p>password:bg-2022-115</p> <p>File size: 373G</p> <p><strong>The path for downloading the source code/script for analyzing the LAI changes:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/JC2AGt9Kh">http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/JC2AGt9Kh</a></p> <p>password:bg-2022-115</p> <p>File size: 880M</p> <p><strong>Data table for all events used in this study:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/MqA4YFBHk">http://YYCdb.synology.me:5833/sharing/MqA4YFBHk</a></p> <p>password:bg-2022-115</p> <p>Filesize:824K</p>
Data for: Stratification and recovery time jointly shape ant functional re-assembly in a Neotropical forest
<p>Microhabitat differentiation of species communities such as vertical stratification in tropical forests contributes to species coexistence and thus biodiversity. However, little is known about how the extent of stratification changes during forest recovery and influences community reassembly. Environmental filtering determines community reassembly in time (succession) and in space (stratification), hence functional and phylogenetic composition of species communities are highly dynamic. It is poorly understood if and how these two concurrent filters – forest recovery and stratification – interact.</p> <p>In a tropical forest chronosequence in Ecuador spanning 34 years of natural recovery, we investigated the recovery trajectory of ant communities in three overlapping strata (ground, leaf litter, lower tree trunk) by quantifying 13 traits, as well as the functional and phylogenetic diversity of the ants. We expected that functional and phylogenetic diversity increase with recovery time and that each ant community within each stratum shows a distinct functional reassembly. We predicted that traits related to ant diet show divergent trajectories reflecting an increase in niche differentiation with recovery time. On the other hand, traits related to the abiotic environment were predicted to show convergent trajectories due to a more similar microclimate across strata with increasing recovery age.</p> <p>Most of the functional traits and the phylogenetic diversity of the ants were clearly stratified, confirming previous findings. However, neither functional nor phylogenetic diversity increased with recovery time. Community-weighted trait means had complex relationships to recovery time and the majority were shaped by a statistical interaction between recovery time and stratum, confirming our expectations. However, most trait trajectories converged among strata with increasing recovery time regardless of whether they were related to ant diet or environmental conditions.</p> <p>We confirm the hypothesized interaction among environmental filters during the functional reassembly in tropical forests. Communities in individual strata respond differently to recovery, and possible filter mechanisms likely arise from both abiotic (e.g., microclimate) and biotic (e.g., diet) conditions. Since vertical stratification is prevalent across animal and plant taxa, our results highlight the importance of stratum-specific analysis in dynamic ecosystems and may generalize beyond ants.</p>
Sunflower sea star predation on urchins can facilitate kelp forest recovery
<p>The recent collapse of predatory sunflower sea stars (<em>Pycnopodia helianthoides</em>) due to sea star wasting disease (SSWD) is hypothesized to have contributed to proliferation of sea urchin barrens and losses of kelp forests on the North American West Coast. We used experiments and a model to test whether restored <em>Pycnopodia</em> populations may help recover kelp forests through their consumption of nutritionally poor purple sea urchins (<em>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</em>) typical of barrens. <em>Pycnopodia</em> consumed 0.68 <em>S. purpuratus</em> day<sup>−1</sup>, and our model and sensitivity analysis shows that the magnitude of recent <em>Pycnopodia</em> declines is consistent with urchin proliferation after modest sea urchin recruitment, and even small <em>Pycnopodia</em> recoveries could generally lead to lower densities of sea urchins that are consistent with kelp-urchin coexistence. <em>Pycnopodia</em> seem unable to chemically distinguish starved from fed urchins and indeed have higher predation rates on starved urchins due to shorter handling times. These results highlight the importance of <em>Pycnopodia</em> in regulating purple sea urchin populations and maintaining healthy kelp forests through top-down control. The recovery of this important predator to densities commonly found prior to SSWD, whether through natural means or human-assisted reintroductions, may therefore be a key step in kelp forest restoration at ecologically significant scales.</p>
Capacity for recovery in Bornean orangutan populations if both forest fragmentation and offtake are limited
<p>Spatial layers to run RangeShifter for orangutan populations across Borneo for the three subspecies (<em>Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, P. p. wurmbii </em>and <em>P. p. morio</em>).</p> <p>Each subspecies has four associated layers, defined for two fragmentation scenarios Status quo (current levels of fragmentation) and Extreme fragmentation (fragments less than 5,000 ha removed). 1). Habitat, defines the 1/b values for populations intersecting the specific habitat types. 2). Patches, delineates discrete areas of suitable orangutan habitat, each with a unique ID. 3). Resistance, accumulative cost to an orangutan of moving across that landscape and 4). Start_patches, specifies which patches should be initialised with orangutans present at year 0 of the model run. </p>
Identifying functional impacts of heat-resistant fungi on boreal forest recovery after wildfire
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