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25 results for “Forest understorey”
Acoustic lures increase tropical forest understorey bat captures
<p>Data used in the publication "Effectiveness of acoustic lures for increasing tropical forest understorey bat captures".</p>
Fig. 6 in The Impact Of Forest Harvesting Machines On Understorey Vegetation In Hylocomiosa Forest Type In Zemgale, Latvia
Fig. 6. The proportion of evergreen and summer green plant species in the herbaceous' layer.
Fig. 4 in The Impact Of Forest Harvesting Machines On Understorey Vegetation In Hylocomiosa Forest Type In Zemgale, Latvia
Fig. 4. The projective coverage of herbaceous' and moss' layers (mean values are shown ± SE).
Fig. 3 in The Impact Of Forest Harvesting Machines On Understorey Vegetation In Hylocomiosa Forest Type In Zemgale, Latvia
Fig. 3. The number of species of herbaceous and moss layers (mean values are shown ± SE).
Trees out-forage understorey shrubs for nitrogen patches in a subarctic mountain birch forest
<p>Nitrogen (N), acquired by roots and mycorrhizal fungi and supplied to plant foliage, is a growth-limiting nutrient at the subarctic treeline. Due to this limitation, interspecific competition and acquisition of N is an important control on plant community composition and distribution. The ability of trees and shrubs to access N shapes community dynamics at this ecotone undergoing species range shifts and changes in primary productivity driven by climate change. Using <sup>15</sup>N soil labelling, we investigate the fate of soil inorganic N, and spatial distances over which trees and understorey shrubs access soil N, in a treeline forest. <sup>15</sup>N was injected into soil rooting zones, and foliar samples were collected from trees between 1 and 50 m away and understorey shrubs between 0.5 and 11 m away from labelled soil. The <sup>15</sup>N label was found in mountain birch trees up to 5 m and in understorey shrubs up to 2 m away from labelled soil. We estimate that 1.27% of pulse-derived N was found in foliage of birch trees, compared to 1.16% in the understorey. However, mountain birch trees contributed only 31% of ecosystem leaf area index (LAI), thus there was a disproportionate allocation of added label to the birch canopy compared with its contribution to ecosystem LAI. The difference in root and mycorrhizal exploration distances and community N partitioning between mountain birch trees and understorey shrubs may confer competitive advantage to trees, which may alter plant community structures within these forests. This is particularly important considering predicted climate-driven tree and tall shrub expansion in subarctic regions, with likely consequences for ecosystem N and carbon (C) cycling, as well as for community composition and biodiversity.</p>
Trees out-forage understorey shrubs for nitrogen patches in a subarctic mountain birch forest
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Predation on artificial caterpillars following understorey fires in human-modified Amazonian forests
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Pulse labelling of deep soil layers in forest with 13CH4: testing a new method for tracing methane in the upper horizons, understorey vegetation and tree stems using laserbased spectrometry
<p>Methane is one the main greenhouse gases and upland forests are one of its main biological sinks. However, vegetation could reduce this sink by allowing a direct path for the methane produced in deep soils to escape into the atmosphere. By tracing emissions with <sup>13</sup>CH<sub>4</sub>, we show for the first time that methane emitted by trees in upland forest could have a deep soil origin even though the soil is an overall methane sink. However, we found that the trees and understorey vegetation at our site had only a small impact on the methane budget.</p>
Data from: Genet dynamics of a regenerating dwarf bamboo population across heterogeneous light environments in a temperate forest understorey
Despite the advantage of plant clonality in patchy environments, studies focusing on genet demography in relation to spatially heterogeneous environments remain scarce. Regeneration of bamboos in forest understoreys after synchronous die-off provides an opportunity for assessing how they come to proliferate across heterogeneous light environments. In a Japanese forest, we examined genet demography of a population of Sasa kurilensis over a 7-year period starting 10 years after die-off, shortly after which some genets began spreading horizontally by rhizomes. The aboveground biomass was estimated and genets were discriminated in 9-m2 plots placed under both canopy gaps and closed canopies. Overall, the results suggest that the survival and spread of more productive genets and the spatial expansion of genets into closed canopies underlie the proliferation of S. kurilensis. Compared to canopy gaps, the recovery rate of biomass was much slower under closed canopies for the first 10 years after the die-off, but became accelerated during the next seven years. Genet survival was greater for more productive genets (with greater initial number of culms), and the spaces occupied by genets that died were often colonized afterward by clonal growth of surviving genets. The number of genets decreased under canopy gaps due to greater mortality, but increased under closed canopies where greater number of genets colonized clonally from outside the plots than genets died. The colonizing genets were more productive (having larger culms) than those originally germinated within the plots, and the contribution of colonizing genets to the biomass was greater under closed canopies. Our study emphasizes the importance of investigating genet dynamics over relevant spatio-temporal scales to reveal processes underlying the success of clonal plants in heterogeneous habitats.
Data from: Demographic stimulation of the obligate understorey herb, Panax quinquefolius L., in response to natural forest canopy disturbances
1.Natural and anthropogenic forest canopy disturbances significantly alter forest dynamics and lead to multi-dimensional shifts in the forest understorey. An understorey plant's ability to exploit alterations to the light environment caused by canopy disturbance leads to changes in population dynamics. The purpose of this work was to determine if population growth of a species adapted to low light increases in response to additional light inputs caused by canopy disturbance, or alternatively, declines due to long-term selection under low light conditions. 2.To address this question, we quantified the demographic response of an understorey herb to three contrasting forest canopy disturbances (ice storms, tent caterpillar defoliation and lightning strikes) that encompass a broad range of disturbance severity. We used a model shade-adapted understorey species, Panax quinquefolius, to parameterize stage-based matrix models. Asymptotic growth rates, stochastic growth rates and simulations of transient dynamics were used to quantify the population-level response to canopy disturbance. Life table response experiments were used to partition the underlying controls over differences in population growth rates. 3.Population growth rates at all three disturbed sites increased in the transition period immediately after the canopy disturbance relative to the transition period prior to disturbance. Stochastic population models revealed that growth rates increased significantly in simulations that included disturbance matrices relative to those simulations that excluded disturbance. Additionally, transient models indicated that population size (n) was larger for all three populations when the respective disturbance matrix was included in the model. 4.Synthesis Obligate shade species are most likely to be pre-adapted to take advantage of canopy gaps and light influx to a degree, and this pre-adaptation may be due to long-term selection under dynamic old growth forest canopies. We propose a model whereby population performance is represented by a parabolic curve where performance is maximized under intermediate levels of canopy disturbance. This study provides new evidence to aid our understanding of the population-level response of understorey herbs to disturbances whose frequency and intensity are predicted to increase as global climates continue to shift.
Post-drought community turnover and functional redundancy in a tropical forest understorey
<p>Drought events are increasingly frequent, threatening the biodiversity of tropical forests. The understorey comprises a large fraction of the total plant species richness of these systems with the presence of Individual plants of some highly diverse Angiosperm families are patchily organized in the understorey of these communities. Here we quantified the effects of a drought on abundance and functional structures and on the ecosystem functioning of these patches Rubiaceae assemblages along a topographic gradient. We show that swarms of species can maintain biological diversity and stability in ecosystem functioning under drought in the understorey of a tropical forest. (Published in Journal Vegetation Science; Funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo, FAPES).</p> <p>If you have any query, write to: karinnasantos0@gmail.com</p>
Figure 2 in Diet of understorey birds in two Atlantic Forest areas of southeast Brazil
Figure 2. Principal structures observed in the faecal contents of the captured birds: Heads of: Hemiptera Heteroptera (1), Hymenoptera non-Formicidae (2), Hemiptera non-Heteroptera (3), Formicidae (4, 5), Coleoptera Curculionidae (6), Blattariae (7), mandibles of: Blattariae (8), Hymenoptera non-Formicidae (9), Formicidae (10), Mantodea (11), Orthoptera (12), Coleoptera (13), insect larvae (Lepidoptera, 14 and 15), Coleoptera (16), Isoptera (17); others structures: thorax of Hymenoptera non-Formicidae, dorsal vision (18), wing of Hymenoptera non-Formicidae (19), body segment of Diplopoda (20), chelicerae of Araneae (21), fang of Araneae (22), abdominal extremity of Dermaptera (23), cerci (forceps) of Dermaptera (24), elytrum of Coleoptera (25), scutellum of Hemiptera Heteroptera (26), leg of Araneae (27), leg of Hemiptera non-Heteroptera (28), petiole of Hymenoptera non-Formicidae, dorsal and lateral visions (29), bones of amphibian (30), thorax of Formicidae, lateral vision (31), apodeme (internal ridge on an arthropod exoskeleton that forms the attachments for muscles and organs) of Hemiptera non-Heteroptera (32), pedipalp of Pseudoscorpiones (33); seeds of: Zanthoxylum sp. (Rutaceae, 34), Myrtaceae (35), Myrsinaceae (spherical format, 36), Loranthaceae (37), Rudgea recurva (encapsulated by forehead, 38), Psychotria sp. (Rubiaceae, 39), Psychotria suterella (Rubiaceae, 40), Urera baccifera (Urticaceae, 41), Melastomataceae (42), Miconia pusilliflora (Melastomataceae, 43), Cecropia sp. (Cecropiaceae, 44), Lauraceae (45), Alchornea sp. (Euphorbiaceae, 46), Xylopia brasiliensis (Annonaceae, 47), Talauma ovata (Magnoliaceae, 48), Casearia sylvestris (Flacourtiaceae, 49).
Figure 1 in Diet of understorey birds in two Atlantic Forest areas of southeast Brazil
Figure 1. Location of the two sampled areas in the Minas Gerais State, southeast Brazil: (1) Mata Grande, 90 ha; (2) Fazenda Continente forest, 56 ha (showing roads in the edge and interior forest). The internal traces represent the sampling net lines.
Figure 3 in Diet of understorey birds in two Atlantic Forest areas of southeast Brazil
Figure 3. Proportions of faecal samples of birds by area with only fruits, only invertebrates and fruits plus invertebrates.
Figure 4 in Diet of understorey birds in two Atlantic Forest areas of southeast Brazil
Figure 4. Relative frequency (counting of a particular item/counting of all items) and relative occurrence (number of samples in which the taxa occurred/counting of all samples) of each invertebrate group in the samples.
Data from: Forest-associated understorey birds persist in agroforestry orchards within tropical rubber and oil palm landscapes
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Data from: Demographic stimulation of the obligate understorey herb, Panax quinquefolius L., in response to natural forest canopy disturbances
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Data from: Genet dynamics of a regenerating dwarf bamboo population across heterogeneous light environments in a temperate forest understorey
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Diurnal foraging ant–tree co-occurrence networks are similar between canopy and understorey in a Neotropical rain forest
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Data from: Linking resource availability and heterogeneity to understorey species diversity through succession in boreal forest of Canada
Understorey vegetation hosts the majority of species diversity and contributes greatly to ecosystem functioning in natural systems. Although patterns of understorey abundance, species diversity and composition associated with forest stand development are well researched, mechanisms driving these patterns remain largely speculative. We sampled fire origin stands of varying stand ages and overstorey compositions on mesic sites of the boreal forest of Canada and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to link time since fire (stand age), light availability and heterogeneity, substrate heterogeneity and soil nitrogen to understorey vegetation cover and species diversity. The most parsimonious model for total understorey cover showed a positive direct effect of stand age (r = 0.43) and an indirect effect via mean light level (0.18) and shrub cover (-0.11), with a positive total effect (0.50); the percent broadleaf canopy had a direct negative effect (-0.22) and an indirect effect via shrub cover (-0.11). The model for total understorey species richness showed an indirect effect of stand age via mean light (0.24), light heterogeneity (0.10), and substrate heterogeneity (0.07), with a positive total effect (0.52); percent broadleaf canopy had an indirect effect via light heterogeneity (0.09), and substrate heterogeneity (-0.10). Soil nitrogen did not significantly influence either understorey cover or species richness. The models for vascular plants followed similar trends to those for total understorey cover and species richness; however, there was an opposite indirect effect of light heterogeneity for both cover and species richness of non-vascular plants. Shrub cover had positive direct and negative direct and indirect effects on both vascular and non-vascular cover and species richness. Our findings indicate that understorey cover and species diversity are driven by time since disturbance, light availability as influenced by overstorey and shrub layers, but with important additional effects mediated by light and substrate heterogeneity. Non-vascular understorey vegetation is more strongly determined by time since disturbance than vascular vegetation, and negatively affected by broadleaf tree abundance. The overall results highlight the importance of colonization, light availability and heterogeneity, substrate specialization and growth dynamics in determining successional patterns of boreal forest understorey vegetation.
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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