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69 results for “Formica ants”
Fig. 4 in Changes In The Structure Of Nest Complexes Of The Red Wood Ants Formica Rufa And F. Polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In Urban Forests
Fig. 4. Degradation of the Formica rufa complex No. 1 (Feofaniya) in terms of average height (4, A) and diameter (4, B) under conditions of intensive construction and recreation; 4, С, D — diameter and height near the nest complex of F. polyctena No. 4 (surroundings of the Observatory), under conditions of felling of the shrub layer and processing of fallen trunks and branches into wood chips.
Figure 4 in Changes In The Structure Of Nest Complexes Of The Red Wood Ants Formica Rufa And F. Polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In Urban Forests
Figure 4 shows the degradation trends for the nest complexes of F. rufa No. 1 (4, A, B), F. polyctena No. 4 (4, C, D). For F. rufa No. 1, there was a sharp decrease in the average diameter of anthills in 2014, and on the contrary, an increase since 2015 (fig. 4, A). In 2016, this indicator remained at approximately the same level, and in 2021 it decreased again. In 2022, this nest complex
Fig. 1 in Changes In The Structure Of Nest Complexes Of The Red Wood Ants Formica Rufa And F. Polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In Urban Forests
Fig. 1. Location of nest complexes of Formica rufa (diamonds), F. polyctena (triangles) on the territory of the city of Kyiv (Ukraine). The city limits are marked by a red line, the forest areas by dark grey. The numbers correspond to the serial number of each complex.
Pathogen prevalence modulates medication behavior in ant Formica fusca
<p><span>Ants face unique challenges regarding pathogens, as the sociality which has allowed them to form large and complex colonies also raises the potential for transmission of disease within these colonies. To cope with the threat of pathogens, ants have developed a variety of behavioral and physiological strategies. One of these strategies is self-medication, in which animals use biologically active compounds to combat pathogens in a way which would be harmful in the absence of them. <em>Formica fusca</em> ants are to date the only species of ants proven to successfully self-medicate against an active infection caused by a fungal pathogen by supplementing their diet with food containing hydrogen peroxide. Here, we build on that research by investigating how the prevalence of disease in colonies of <em>F. fusca</em> affects the strength of the self-medication response. We exposed either half of the workers of each colony or all of them to a fungal pathogen and offered them different combinations of diets. We see that workers of <em>F. fusca</em> engage in self-medication behavior even if exposed to a low lethal dose of a pathogen, and that the strength of that response is affected by the prevalence of the disease in the colonies. We also saw that the infection status of the individual foragers did not significantly affect their decision to forage on either control food or medicinal food as uninfected workers were also foraging on hydrogen peroxide food, which opens up the possibility of kin medication in partially infected colonies. Our results further affirm the ability of ants to self-medicate against fungal pathogens, shed new light on plasticity of self-medication and raise new questions to be investigated on the role self-medication has in social immunity.</span></p>
Figure 3 in Effects of genetic relatedness, spatial distance, and context on intraspecific aggression in the red wood ant Formica pratensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 3. Correlation between spatial distance and aggression levels in the field. Open circles correspond to monodomous colonies and filled circles correspond to the polydomous one.
Figure 1. Map showing the localities where F in Effects of genetic relatedness, spatial distance, and context on intraspecific aggression in the red wood ant Formica pratensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 1. Map showing the localities where F. pratensis colonies were sampled for the analysis of genetic relatedness and tested for their aggressive behavior towards each other. The numbers denote the localities. 1: Balaban village (N 41°49ʹ18ʺ, E 27°40ʹ44ʺ) containing three nests; B1, B2, and B3, 2: Asilbeyli village (N 41°39ʹ32ʺ, E 27°13ʹ50ʺ), one nest (As), 3: Ulukonak village (N 41°39ʹ35ʺ, E 27°01ʹ52ʺ) one nest (U), 4: Doğanköy village (N 41°56ʹ12ʺ, E 26°41ʹ20ʺ) one nest (D), and 5: Ahmetler village (N 42°00ʹ37ʺ, E 27°11ʹ12ʺ), three nests; Ah1, Ah2, and Ah3.
Fig. 4 in Red wood Ants (Formica rufa-group) prefer mature pine forests in Variscan granite environments (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 4 – Numbers of RWA nests versus medium tree age of primary tree species (TS) for a) MGBSF and b) FBBSF
Fig. 2 in Red wood Ants (Formica rufa-group) prefer mature pine forests in Variscan granite environments (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 2 – Tectonic setting of both study areas with a, major tectonic units, faults (black lines) taken from literature (see list under reference section geological maps), b, detailed geologic setting of the Münchsgrün (MG), and c, Falkenberg (FB) study areas with FB forest sections (1-8). In MG area, the older Mitterteich/Steinwald Granite is overlain by Miocene/Pliocene basin-filling sediments.
Fig. 3 in Red wood Ants (Formica rufa-group) prefer mature pine forests in Variscan granite environments (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 3 – In total mapped areas (MG tot; FB tot) and mapped areas within the borders of BSF (MGBSF; FBBSF) for a) MG and b) FB study area.
Fig. 5 in Red wood Ants (Formica rufa-group) prefer mature pine forests in Variscan granite environments (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 5 – Nest height classes[m] versus type of nest material (%) for a, c, spruce, and b, d, pine as primary tree species (TS) in MGBSF and FBBSF.
Fig. 1 – a in Red wood Ants (Formica rufa-group) prefer mature pine forests in Variscan granite environments (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 1 – a, Position of both study areas within Germany close to the Czech border; b, detailing location in the Oberpfälzer Lake district in Tirschenreuth county, NE Bavaria.
Fig. 8 – a in Red wood Ants (Formica rufa-group) prefer mature pine forests in Variscan granite environments (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 8 – a, Spatial distribution of mapped RWA nests in FBBSF based on the 1m DTM provided by the LDBV (2008/2009). Black square indicates a striking radial nest distribution pattern that can be explained by b, "onion-like" joints forming in the granite, as can be seen in the former quarry beneath the ruin Flossenbürg castle, approx. 14.5 km southeast of the FB Study area. Photo credit: M. Gibhardt.
Figure 4 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;
Figure 4. Average diameter (4A, 4B) and height (4C, 4D) of F. rufa and F. polyctena anthills depending on the status: single, 2-5 anthills, 6- 10 anthills, 11-20 anthills, 21-50 anthills, 51-100 anthills in the nest complex (colony). Kyiv andregion, Ukraine.
Figure 7 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;
Figure 7. Estimates of pair correlation function g(r) plotted against distance r for anthills of F. rufa (7A) and F.polyctena (7B).
Figure 6 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;
Figure 6. Average number of trails depending on the size class of the anthill F. rufa taking into account the diameter (6A) and height (6B), F. polyctena - also taking into account the diameter (6C) and height (6D), Kyiv and region, Ukraine.
Pathogen prevalence modulates medication behavior in ant Formica fusca
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Blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, reduce predation risk by eavesdropping on communication signals of Formica oreas thatching ants
<p>Ticks spend most of their life inhabiting leaf litter and detritus where they are protected from sun but preyed upon by ants. Ants secrete chemical communication signals to coordinate group tasks such as nest defense. Ticks that avoid ant semiochemicals – as indicators of ant presence – would reduce predation risk by ants. We tested the hypotheses that (1) chemical deposits from the thatching ant <em>Formica</em> <em>oreas</em> deter blacklegged ticks,<em> Ixodes scapularis</em>, (2) deterrent semiochemicals originate from the ants' poison and/or Dufour's gland(s), and (3) tick-deterrent semiochemicals serve as alarm-recruitment pheromone components in <em>F. oreas</em>. In two-choice olfactometer bioassays, filter paper soiled with ant chemical deposits significantly deterred female and male ticks. Poison and Dufour's gland extracts deterred ticks in combination but not alone. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses of gland extracts revealed formic acid as the major constituent in the poison gland and 8 hydrocarbons as constituents in the Dufour's gland. Synthetic formic acid and hydrocarbons deterred ticks only when combined. <em>F. oreas</em> workers sprayed both formic acid and hydrocarbons when distressed. A synthetic blend of these compounds elicited alarm-recruitment responses by <em>F. oreas</em> in behavioural bioassays. All results combined indicate that ticks eavesdrop on the ants' communication system.</p>
Formica exsecta comparison of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes of nest material and the ants
<p>This study explores the microbiome of the ant <em>Formica exsecta,</em> and compares this to the microbiome found in the nest material. We found fundamental differences in both the bacterial and the fungal communities between ants and their nest material, but no significant differences in the bacterial and fungal communities among colonies. Species diversity, species richness, and evenness were all significantly lower for bacteria in ants than in nest material, whereas for fungi only species richness was lower in ants, than in nest material. No such differences were found among ants from diffrent colonies.</p>
Formica fusca: Queen fecundity, worker entourage, and cuticular chemistry in the ant Formica fusca
<p><span>Cooperative breeding entails conflicts over reproductive shares that may be settled in different ways. In ants, where several queens simultaneously reproduce in a colony, both queens and workers may influence the reproductive apportionment and offspring quality. Queens may vary in their intrinsic fecundity, which may influence the size of the worker entourage attending individual queens, and this may eventually dictate the reproductive output of a queen. We tested whether the reproductive success of queens is affected by the size of their worker entourage, their fecundity at the onset of the reproductive season, and whether the queen cuticular hydrocarbon profile carries information on fecundity. We show that in the ant <em>Formica fusca</em> both queen fecundity and egg hatching success increase with the size of their entourage, and that initially highly fecund queens lay larger eggs. Furthermore, higher relatedness among workers increased queen fecundity. Finally, the queens that received a large worker entourage differed in the cuticular chemistry from those that received a small worker entourage. Our results thus show that workers play a pivotal role in determining queen fitness that high intracolony relatedness among workers enhances the overall reproductive output in the colony, and that queen fecundity is reflected in their cuticular hydrocarbon profile.</span></p>
Fig. 6 in Red wood Ants (Formica rufa-group) prefer mature pine forests in Variscan granite environments (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 6 – Preferred terrain exposure of RWA nests in a, MG (n=2,328) and b, FB (n=2,829) study area.
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