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13 results for “Formica fusca”
Pathogen prevalence modulates medication behavior in ant Formica fusca
<p><span>Ants face unique challenges regarding pathogens, as the sociality which has allowed them to form large and complex colonies also raises the potential for transmission of disease within these colonies. To cope with the threat of pathogens, ants have developed a variety of behavioral and physiological strategies. One of these strategies is self-medication, in which animals use biologically active compounds to combat pathogens in a way which would be harmful in the absence of them. <em>Formica fusca</em> ants are to date the only species of ants proven to successfully self-medicate against an active infection caused by a fungal pathogen by supplementing their diet with food containing hydrogen peroxide. Here, we build on that research by investigating how the prevalence of disease in colonies of <em>F. fusca</em> affects the strength of the self-medication response. We exposed either half of the workers of each colony or all of them to a fungal pathogen and offered them different combinations of diets. We see that workers of <em>F. fusca</em> engage in self-medication behavior even if exposed to a low lethal dose of a pathogen, and that the strength of that response is affected by the prevalence of the disease in the colonies. We also saw that the infection status of the individual foragers did not significantly affect their decision to forage on either control food or medicinal food as uninfected workers were also foraging on hydrogen peroxide food, which opens up the possibility of kin medication in partially infected colonies. Our results further affirm the ability of ants to self-medicate against fungal pathogens, shed new light on plasticity of self-medication and raise new questions to be investigated on the role self-medication has in social immunity.</span></p>
Pathogen prevalence modulates medication behavior in ant Formica fusca
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FIGURE 5 in Mites of the family Scutacaridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) associated with Formica fusca L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Western Siberia, Russia
FIGURE 5: Scutacarus rotundus (Berlese, 1903), female: A – solenidia of tibiotarsus I, B – leg IV in ventral view.
FIGURE 3 in Mites of the family Scutacaridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) associated with Formica fusca L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Western Siberia, Russia
FIGURE 3: Scutacarus karafiati Khaustov n. sp., female: A – leg III in dorsal view, B – leg IV in ventral view.
FIGURE 2 in Mites of the family Scutacaridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) associated with Formica fusca L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Western Siberia, Russia
FIGURE 2: Scutacarus karafiati Khaustov n. sp., female: A – leg I in dorsal view, B – leg II in dorsal view.
Formica fusca: Queen fecundity, worker entourage, and cuticular chemistry in the ant Formica fusca
<p><span>Cooperative breeding entails conflicts over reproductive shares that may be settled in different ways. In ants, where several queens simultaneously reproduce in a colony, both queens and workers may influence the reproductive apportionment and offspring quality. Queens may vary in their intrinsic fecundity, which may influence the size of the worker entourage attending individual queens, and this may eventually dictate the reproductive output of a queen. We tested whether the reproductive success of queens is affected by the size of their worker entourage, their fecundity at the onset of the reproductive season, and whether the queen cuticular hydrocarbon profile carries information on fecundity. We show that in the ant <em>Formica fusca</em> both queen fecundity and egg hatching success increase with the size of their entourage, and that initially highly fecund queens lay larger eggs. Furthermore, higher relatedness among workers increased queen fecundity. Finally, the queens that received a large worker entourage differed in the cuticular chemistry from those that received a small worker entourage. Our results thus show that workers play a pivotal role in determining queen fitness that high intracolony relatedness among workers enhances the overall reproductive output in the colony, and that queen fecundity is reflected in their cuticular hydrocarbon profile.</span></p>
Formica fusca ants use aphid supplemented foods to alleviate effects during the acute phase of a fungal infection
<p>The modulation of nutritional intake by animals to combat pathogens is a behaviour which is getting increasing attention. Ant studies using isolated compounds or nutrients in artificial diets have revealed a lot of the dynamics of the behaviour, but natural sources of medicine are yet to be confirmed. Here we explored whether Formica fusca ants exposed to a fungal pathogen can use an artificial diet containing foods spiked with different concentrations of crushed aphids for a medicinal benefit. We show that pathogen exposed colonies adjusted their diet to include more aphid supplemented foods during the acute phase of the infection, reducing the mortality caused by the disease. However, the benefit was only attained when having access to a varied diet, suggesting that while aphids contain nutrients or compounds beneficial against infection, it is a part of a complex nutritional system where costs and benefits of compounds and nutrients need to be moderated.</p>
Formica fusca: Queen fecundity, worker entourage, and cuticular chemistry in the ant Formica fusca
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Formica fusca ants use aphid supplemented foods to alleviate effects during the acute phase of a fungal infection
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Fig. 35. Acidopore. A. Formica fusca group. B in A phylogenetic analyis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromoprh subfamilies
Fig. 35. Acidopore. A. Formica fusca group. B. Oecophylla smaragdina. Abbreviations: Cr, coronula; VIIS, hypopygium; VIIT, pygidium; Vr, verticillus.
FIGURE 6 in Mites of the family Scutacaridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) associated with Formica fusca L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Western Siberia, Russia
FIGURE 6: Scanning electron micrograph of Scutacarus rotundus (Berlese, 1903), female: dorsum.
FIGURE 4 in Mites of the family Scutacaridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) associated with Formica fusca L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Western Siberia, Russia
FIGURE 4: Scutacarus rotundus (Berlese, 1903), female: A – idiosomal dorsum, B – idiosomal venter.
FIGURE 1 in Mites of the family Scutacaridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) associated with Formica fusca L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Western Siberia, Russia
FIGURE 1: Scutacarus karafiati Khaustov n. sp., female: A – idiosomal dorsum, B – idiosomal venter.
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