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Fig. 4 in Changes In The Structure Of Nest Complexes Of The Red Wood Ants Formica Rufa And F. Polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In Urban Forests

Fig. 4. Degradation of the Formica rufa complex No. 1 (Feofaniya) in terms of average height (4, A) and diameter (4, B) under conditions of intensive construction and recreation; 4, С, D — diameter and height near the nest complex of F. polyctena No. 4 (surroundings of the Observatory), under conditions of felling of the shrub layer and processing of fallen trunks and branches into wood chips.

Figure 4 in Changes In The Structure Of Nest Complexes Of The Red Wood Ants Formica Rufa And F. Polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In Urban Forests

Figure 4 shows the degradation trends for the nest complexes of F. rufa No. 1 (4, A, B), F. polyctena No. 4 (4, C, D). For F. rufa No. 1, there was a sharp decrease in the average diameter of anthills in 2014, and on the contrary, an increase since 2015 (fig. 4, A). In 2016, this indicator remained at approximately the same level, and in 2021 it decreased again. In 2022, this nest complex

Fig. 1 in Changes In The Structure Of Nest Complexes Of The Red Wood Ants Formica Rufa And F. Polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In Urban Forests

Fig. 1. Location of nest complexes of Formica rufa (diamonds), F. polyctena (triangles) on the territory of the city of Kyiv (Ukraine). The city limits are marked by a red line, the forest areas by dark grey. The numbers correspond to the serial number of each complex.

Figure 4 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;

Figure 4. Average diameter (4A, 4B) and height (4C, 4D) of F. rufa and F. polyctena anthills depending on the status: single, 2-5 anthills, 6- 10 anthills, 11-20 anthills, 21-50 anthills, 51-100 anthills in the nest complex (colony). Kyiv andregion, Ukraine.

Figure 7 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;

Figure 7. Estimates of pair correlation function g(r) plotted against distance r for anthills of F. rufa (7A) and F.polyctena (7B).

Figure 6 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;

Figure 6. Average number of trails depending on the size class of the anthill F. rufa taking into account the diameter (6A) and height (6B), F. polyctena - also taking into account the diameter (6C) and height (6D), Kyiv and region, Ukraine.

Fig. 3 in Changes In The Structure Of Nest Complexes Of The Red Wood Ants Formica Rufa And F. Polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In Urban Forests

Fig. 3. Dynamics of changes in total volume (3, A) and number of anthills (3, B) in nest complexes by year of observation. 2017 is not included in the graphs due to the low number of nest complexes observed in that year.

Figure 2 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;

Figure 2. Fragment of a map of the nest complex of red wood ants on the territory of Kyiv and Kyiv region. Anthills are marked with yellow circles. The symbols in the circles represent the size classes of the anthills.

Figure 5 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;

Figure 5. Average number of trails depending on anthill status in F. rufa (5A) and F. polyctena (5B) (single or colonial, from 2 to 51 and more anthills), Kyiv and region, Ukraine.

Figure 3 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;

Figure 3. Average diameter and height (in meters, m) of nests of red wood ants from different locations: Diameter (3A) and height (3B) of Formica lugubris, F. aquilonia, F. polyctena anthills, included in nest complexes (c). Ur - Ural, Irk - Irkutsk (Cis-Baikal, Russia). Diameter (3C) and height (3D) of F. rufa, F. polyctena anthills, Kyiv and Kyiv region (Ukraine), c - colonial forms (nest complexes), s - single anthills. Legend in Figures 2–5. "Whiskers" vertical lines within color-filled areas include Whisker length (one sigma), mean (horizontal line across the box) and standard error of mean, color-filled boxes up and down from the vertical line indicate the variability of the mean, quartile method - interpolation; in violins filled regions are colored.