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FIG. 2. — Asterolepis alticristata n in Asterolepis alticristata n. sp. (Antiarchi) from the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) of Nunavut, Canada, and a report on the antiarch diversity of the Fram Formation

FIG. 2. — Asterolepis alticristata n. sp., NUFV 897, holotype, anterior median dorsal plate in visceral (A, photograph; A', labeled illustration), cranial (B), left lateral (C), and dermal (D) views. Abbreviations: cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r oblique posterolateral ridge. Scale bar: 5 cm.

Fig. 10 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 10. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, anterior dorso-lateral (A–D, F, left; E, right) and left mixilateral (G–I, right) plates of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/116 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/111. C. IG KSC 155/61. D. IG KSC 155/60. E. IG KSC 155/136. F. IG KSC 155/112. G. IG KSC 155/110. H. Incomplete IG KSC 155/144. I. IG KSC 155/115. B–E, G–I, in dorsal views; F, in lateral view. Abbreviations: ADL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; AMD, anterior median dorsal plate; AVL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; cf.AMD, area overlapping AMD; dlg2, posterior oblique dorsal sensory line groove; dlr, dorso-lateral ridge of trunk armour; dxp, dorso-ventral pit-line groove; lcg, main lateral line groove; oa.ADL, oa.AMD, oa.AVL, oa.PMD, area overlapped by ADL, AMD, AVL or PMD respectively; PMD, posterior median dorsal plate; pnoa, postnuchal ornamented corner of ADL; pro, processus obstans of trunk armour.

Fig. 12 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 12. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, posterior ventro-lateral plates, left (A) and right (B, C) of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/4 in ventral (A1) and lateral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/16 in ventral view. C. IG KSC 155/78 in ventral view.

Fig. 14 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 14. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), reconstruction of the head, the trunk armour and the pectoral fins in ventral view, based on IG KSC 155/10-1, IG KSC 155/10-2, and IG KSC 155/10- 3. Abbreviations: AVL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; Cv1–4, ventral central plate 1 to 4; Ifg, inferognathal plate; La, lateral plate; Ml2–5, lateral marginal plates 2 to 5; Mm4, mesial marginal plate 4; MV, median ventral plate; Prl, prelateral plate; Prm, premedian plate; PVL, posterior ventro-lateral plate; SM, semilunar plate; SMg, submarginal plate; T, terminal plate.

Fig. 8 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 8. Reconstruction of the head shield of antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), based on partial head shield (IG KSC 71/1-87), left (IG KSC 155/15), and right (IG KSC 155/65) lateral plates. Abbreviations: cir, semicircular pit-line groove; csl, central sensory line groove; d.end, opening of canal for endolymphatic duct; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital sensory line; ifc2, branch of infraorbital sensory line diverging on La; La, lateral plate; mp, middle pit-line groove; Nu, nuchal plate; Pmg, postmarginal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate; Prm, premedian plate; prh, preorbital recess of head shield; soc, anterior section of the supraorbital sensory line; socc, supraoccipital cross-commissural pit-line groove.

Fig. 7 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 7. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), paranuchal (A) and postpineal and nuchal (B), plates of the head shield. A. IG KSC 155/117 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. Articulated plates IG KSC 155/154 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views.Abbreviations: cr.o, median occipital crest of head shield; cr.pm, paramarginal crest of head shield; cr.pto, postorbital crest of head shield; cr.tv, transverse nuchal crest of head shield; csl, central sensory line groove; d.end, opening of canal for endolymphatic duct; g, paired pits on Pp; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital sensory line; mp, middle pit-line groove; nm, obtected nuchal area of head shield; Nu, nuchal plate; ood, otico-occipital depression of head shield; Pp, postpineal plate; socc, supraoccipital cross-commissural pit-line groove; sot, supraotic thickening of head shield.

Fig. 5 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 5. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), lateral (A–G, I) and premedian (H) plates of the head shield. A. IG KSC 155/15 in dorsal view. B. IG KSC 155/67 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/129 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/74 in dorsal view. E. IG KSC 155/65 in dorsal view. F. IG KSC 155/66 in dorsal (F1) and visceral (F2) views. G. IG KSC 155/69 in dorsal view. H. IG KSC 155/114 in dorsal view. I. IG KSC 155/64 in dorsal view. Abbreviations: a1Sm and a2Sm, anterior and posterior attachment areas on lateral plate for submarginal plate; a.Prl, attachment area on lateral plate for prelateral plate; cir, semicircular pit-line groove; csl, central sensory line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital sensory line; ifc2, branch of infraorbital sensory line diverging on La; nprl, prelateral notch of head shield; p, lateral pit of head shield; prh, preorbital recess of head shield; pr.po, antero-lateral corner of otico-occipital depression; soc, anterior section of the supraorbital sensory line; spg, spiracular groove of head shield.

Fig. 3 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 3. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, separate plates and parts of articulated head shields. A. Articulated Nu, left Pn and left La plates IG KSC 155/90 in dorsal view. B. Disarticulated plates of the head shield IG KSC 155/150 in dorsal view. C. Part of articulated head shield IG KSC 155/162 in dorsal view. D. Imprint of the ventral wall of trunk armour and some skeletal elements of the head armour IG KSC 155/10-3 in ventral view showing suborbital and infragnathal bones. Abbreviations: AVL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; cir, semicircular pit-line groove; csl, central sensory line groove; d.end, opening of canal for endolymphatic duct; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital sensory line; IG, inferognathal; La, lateral plate; Nu, nuchal plate; mp, middle pit-line groove; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate; Prm, premedian plate; SO, suborbital plate; socc, supraoccipital cross-commissural pit-line groove.

Fig. 4 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 4. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, lateral A–G), premedian (H), and left postmarginal (I) plates of the head shield. A. IG KSC 155/15 in dorsal view. B. IG KSC 155/67 in dorsal (B1) and visceral B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/129 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/65 in visceral (D1) and dorsal (D2) views. E. IG KSC 155/66 in dorsal (E1), right lateral (E2), and visceral (E3) views. F. IG KSC 155/69 in dorsal view. G. IG KSC 155/64 in dorsal view. H. IG KSC 155/114 in dorsal (H1) and anterior (H2) views.. Plate disconnected from the partial head shield IG KSC 155/161, in dorsal view.

Fig. 2 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 2. Lithology and stratigraphy of the Sosnogorsk locality. "Fish-dolomite", bed No. 40 is located about 8 m above the base of the section. Abbreviations: D3f, Upper Devonian, Frasnian; D3fm, Upper Devonian, Famennian.

Fig. 1 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 1. Geographical and geological setting of the type locality of Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900): sketch-maps of Russia (A) and Komi Republic (B) and geological map of Ukhta-Sosnogorsk area, from Yukhtanov et al. (2008), amended (C). The Natural Geological Monument Sosnovskiy" (Sosnogorsk fossil site) is marked by the black square. Abbreviations: D3f1, Upper Devonian, lower Frasnian; D3f2, Upper Devonian, middle Frasnian; D3f3, Upper Devonian, upper Frasnian; D3fm1, Upper Devonian, lower Famennian; C1, Carboniferous, Mississippian; J2, Middle Jurassic.

Fig. 11 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 11. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, partial ventral wall (A, B), anterior ventro-lateral (AVL) (C, D, left; E, right), and median ventral (F–J) plates of the trunk armour, and elements of pectoral fin. A. Impression of partial ventral wall of the trunk armour, inferognathals, and suborbitals IG KSC 155/10-2 in ventral view. B. Partial ventral wall of the trunk armour with articulated pectoral fin armour IG KSC 155/10-1 in ventral view. C. IG KSC 155/151 (C1) and enlargened part of the ventral lamina with pathologies (C2, arrows). D. IG KSC 155/122 in ventral view. E. IG KSC 155/123 in ventral view. F. IG KSC 155/104 with the bite mark (arrow) → in ventral (F1) and visceral (F2) views. G. IG KSC 155/76 in ventral view. H. IG KSC 155/77 in ventral view. I. IG KSC 155/133 in ventral view. J. IG KSC 155/106 in ventral view. Abbreviations: AVL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; Cd1–2, dorsal central plates 1 and 2; Cv1, ventral central plate 1; cit1, crista transversalis interna anterior; cit2, transverse thickening on the visceral surface of AVL; ds, distal segment of the pectoral fin armour; Ifg, inferognathal; Ml2, lateral marginal plate 2; Mm2, mesial marginal plate 2; MV, median ventral plate; PVL, posterior ventro-lateral plate; SO, suborbital plate.

Fig. 6 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 6. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, postpineal A–C, E, G), nuchal (D–G, I, K–M), and paranuchal (H, J, L, M) plates of the head shield. A. IG KSC 155/54-2, disconnected from the Nu IG KSC 155/54-1, in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/146 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/155 in dorsal (C1) and visceral C2) views. D. IG KSC 155/58 in dorsal view. E. Articulated plates IG KSC 155/118 in dorsal view. F. IG KSC 155/53 in dorsal (F1), visceral (F2), and posterior (F3) views. G. Articulated plates IG KSC 155/154 in dorsal (G1) and visceral (G2) views. H. IG KSC 155/55 in dorsal (H1) and visceral (H2) views. I. IG KSC 155/54-1 from the same individual as plate in A, in dorsal view. J. IG KSC 155/119 in dorsal view. K. IG KSC 155/56 in dorsal view. L. IG KSC 155/117 in visceral (L1) and dorsal (L2) views. M. IG KSC 155/125 in dorsal view.

Fig. 13 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 13. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, plates of the pectoral fin armour. A. Left Cv1 plate IG 155/6 in visceral (A1) and ventral (A2) views. B. Right Cv1 plate IG KSC 155/134 in ventral view. C. Left Ml2 plate IG KSC 155/149 in ventral view. D. Right Ml2 plate IG 155/137 in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views. E. Right distal segment of the pectoral fin armour IG KSC 155/21 in dorsal (E1) and ventral (E2) views. F. Mm1 plate IG KSC 155/85 in mesial view. Abbreviations: Cd3–5, dorsal central plates 3 to 5; Cv4, ventral central plate 4; Ml4–5, lateral marginal plates 4 and 5; Mm4–6, mesial marginal plates 4 to 6; T, terminal plate.

→ Fig. 9. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, anterior median dorsal (A–G) and posterior median dorsal (H–M) plates of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/5 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/108 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/97 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/113 in dorsal (D1) and visceral (D2) views. E. IG KSC 155/140 in dorsal (E1) and visceral (E2) views. F. Impression of the dorsal surface of IG KSC 155/42. G. IG KSC 155/44 in dorsal view. H. Fragment of IG KSC 155/7 in dorsal view. I. IG KSC 155/1 in dorsal (I1) and visceral (I2) views. J. IG KSC 155/71 in dorsal view. K. Slightly deformed IG KSC 155/70 in dorsal (K1) and visceral (K2) views. L. IG KSC 155/158 in dorsal view. M. IG KSC 155/157 in dorsal (M1) and visceral (M2) views. Abbreviations: ADL, anterior dorso-lateral plate; alr, postlevator thickening; AMD, anterior median dorsal plate; cf.ADL, cf.AMD, and cf.MxL, area overlapping ADL, AMD or MxL respectively; cr.tp, posterior transversal internal crest; dlg1 and dlg2, anterior and posterior oblique dorsal sensory line groove; dma, tergal angle; dmr, dorsal median ridge; f.retr, levator fossa; grm, ventral median groove; l, lateral corner; mvr, median ventral ridge; MxL, mixilateral plate; npn, postnuchal notch; oa.ADL, oa.MxL and oa.PMD, area overlapped by ADL, MxL or PMD respectively; pa, posterior corner; pma, posterior marginal area; PMD, posterior median dorsal plate; pr.p, posterior process of AMD; pr.pl, external postlevator process; prv2, posterior ventral process of dorsal wall of trunk armour; pt1 and pt2, anterior and posterior ventral pit; pua, posterior unornamented area of PMD; rf, "round fossula"; sna, supranuchal area; tb, ventral tuberosity. in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

→ Fig. 9. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, anterior median dorsal (A–G) and posterior median dorsal (H–M) plates of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/5 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/108 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/97 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/113 in dorsal (D1) and visceral (D2) views. E. IG KSC 155/140 in dorsal (E1) and visceral (E2) views. F. Impression of the dorsal surface of IG KSC 155/42. G. IG KSC 155/44 in dorsal view. H. Fragment of IG KSC 155/7 in dorsal view. I. IG KSC 155/1 in dorsal (I1) and visceral (I2) views. J. IG KSC 155/71 in dorsal view. K. Slightly deformed IG KSC 155/70 in dorsal (K1) and visceral (K2) views. L. IG KSC 155/158 in dorsal view. M. IG KSC 155/157 in dorsal (M1) and visceral (M2) views. Abbreviations: ADL, anterior dorso-lateral plate; alr, postlevator thickening; AMD, anterior median dorsal plate; cf.ADL, cf.AMD, and cf.MxL, area overlapping ADL, AMD or MxL respectively; cr.tp, posterior transversal internal crest; dlg1 and dlg2, anterior and posterior oblique dorsal sensory line groove; dma, tergal angle; dmr, dorsal median ridge; f.retr, levator fossa; grm, ventral median groove; l, lateral corner; mvr, median ventral ridge; MxL, mixilateral plate; npn, postnuchal notch; oa.ADL, oa.MxL and oa.PMD, area overlapped by ADL, MxL or PMD respectively; pa, posterior corner; pma, posterior marginal area; PMD, posterior median dorsal plate; pr.p, posterior process of AMD; pr.pl, external postlevator process; prv2, posterior ventral process of dorsal wall of trunk armour; pt1 and pt2, anterior and posterior ventral pit; pua, posterior unornamented area of PMD; rf, "round fossula"; sna, supranuchal area; tb, ventral tuberosity.

Fig. 18 in Frasnian gastropod synecology and bio-events in the Dyminy reef complex of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland

Fig. 18. Frasnian taxonomic composition changes of gastropod associations from the Holy Cross Mountains (after Krawczyński 1998).

Fig.11 in Frasnian gastropod synecology and bio-events in the Dyminy reef complex of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland

Fig.11.Distributionoftranslation(H/W)andofaperturalshape(Ha/Wa)indexesof Kowalatrochus sanctacrucensis gen.etsp.nov.fromtheearlytomiddle Frasnian of the upper Sitkówka Beds.

Fig. 10 in Frasnian gastropod synecology and bio-events in the Dyminy reef complex of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland

Fig. 10. Distribution of translation index (Hw/Ww) of Loxoplocus (Donaldiella) karczewskii sp. nov. from the late Frasnian of Panek (set B3).

Fig. 5 in Frasnian gastropod synecology and bio-events in the Dyminy reef complex of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland

Fig. 5. Grabinopsis guerichi association of the Stachyodes Assemblage from the upper Sitkówka Beds, Grabina, set B, middle Frasnian. A–F. Grabinopsis guerichi gen. et sp. nov. A, B. Apertural views of shells with well visible columellar fold. A. Holotype, GIUS 4−981/Gr−113, × 8. B. GIUS 4−974/Gr−106/1, × 6. C. Apertural view of shell with narrow umbilicus, GIUS 4−984/Gr−112/2, × 7. D. Lateral view of shell. E, F. Lateral and apical views of shell, GIUS 4−978/Gr−110/1, × 8. G, H. Liospira sp., apertural and apical views of shell, GIUS 4−953/Gr−85, × 3. I. Palaeozygopleura (Rhenozyga) sp. A, lateral view of spire, GIUS 4−979/Gr−111/4, × 10. J. Gen. et sp. ex fam. Subulitidae indet., lateral view of shell, GIUS 4−969/Gr−101/2, × 6. K. Murchisonia (Murchisonia) nerinea (Sandberger and Sandberger, 1850–1856), latral view of spire fragment, GIUS 4−969/Gr−101/8, × 5. L. Roemeriella cyclostomoides (Roemer, 1854), lateral view of spire, GIUS 4−982/Gr−114, × 3. M. Palaeozygopleura (Rhenozyga) cf. retrostriata (Kirchner, 1915), lateral view of spire, GIUS 4−974/Gr−106/4, × 6.

Fig. 4 in Frasnian gastropod synecology and bio-events in the Dyminy reef complex of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland

Fig. 4. Late Frasnian gastropod associations: Straparollus (Straparollus) circularis of the Actinostroma Assemblage and Naticopsis (Naticopsis) excentrica of the Frechastrea pentagona Assemblage (the Detrital Beds). A, B. Straparollus (Straparollus) circularis (Phillips, 1841), both natural size. A. Axial section with visible septation of spire, GIUS 4−1463/Pan−80. B. Apical view of poorly preserved shell with septation of spire, GIUS 4−1440/Pan−57. C. Westerna subcostata (Schlotheim, 1820) comb. nov., apertural view of poorly preserved shell, GIUS 4−854/Pan−1, natural size. D. Murchisonia sp., axial section, GIUS 4−1444/Pan−61, × 2. E. Straparollus (Straparollus) serpens (Phillips, 1841), lateral view of shell, GIUS 4−877/Gr−9/2, × 3. F. Murchisonia (Murchisonia) nerinea (Sandberger and Sandberger, 1850–1856), fragment of spire, GIUS 4−999/Gr−131/4, × 4. G. Villmaria ventricosa Heidelberger, 2001, lateral view of shell(GIUS4−1010/Gr−142/1),×4.5. H, I. Roemeriella octocincta (Roemer,1843),lateralviewsofspires,SzczukowskieGórkiquarry. H.Coeloconoidalshell with change of ornamentation, GIUS 4−1203/SzG−8, × 2. I. Juvenile spire, GIUS 4−1204/SzG−10, × 4. J. Palaeozygopleura (Rhenozyga) sp. B, lateral view of shell, GIUS 4−906/Gr−38, × 4. K. Palaeozygopleura (Rhenozyga) sp. A, base of shell with ornamentation, GIUS 4−1005/Gr−137/1, × 7. L. Porcellia bifida (Sandberger and Sandberger, 1850–1856), lateral view of spire, GIUS 4−877/Gr−9/10, × 3. M. Lahnospira taeniata (Goldfuss, 1844), lateral view of juvenile shell, GIUS 4−1004/Gr−136/5, × 8. N. Naticopsis (Naticopsis) excentrica (Roemer, 1843), apertural view of shell with well preserved ornamentation, GIUS 4−902/Gr−34, × 3. O. Naticopsis (Naticopsis) inflata (Roemer, 1843), lateral view of spire, GIUS 4−876/Gr−8/1, × 3.5. P. Naticopsis (Naticopsis) protogaea (Goldfuss, 1844), apical view of poorly preserved shell, GIUS 4−900/Gr−32, × 3. A–D. Panek, set B2. E–G, J–P. Grabina, set C.