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196 results for “Free-ranging”
Data: An experimental sound exposure study at sea: No spatial deterrence of free-ranging pelagic fish
<p>Data abstract:</p> <p>All data and scripts to replicate all plots and statistical results of the paper mentioned below. The data are sound recordings and processed echosounder data (raw echosounder data is available on request but > 100 GB in size and require specialized software).</p> <p> </p> <p>Paper reference:</p> <p>Jeroen Hubert<span>, </span>Jozefien M. Demuynck<span>, </span>M. Rafa Remmelzwaal<span>, </span>Carlota Muñiz<span>, </span>Elisabeth Debusschere<span>, </span>Benoit Berges<span>, </span>Hans Slabbekoorn; An experimental sound exposure study at sea: No spatial deterrence of free-ranging pelagic fish. <em>J. Acoust. Soc. Am.</em> 1 February 2024; 155 (2): 1151–1161. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0024720" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0024720</a></p> <p> </p> <p>Paper abstract:</p> <p>Acoustic deterrent devices are used to guide aquatic animals from danger or toward migration paths. At sea, moderate sounds can potentially be used to deter fish to prevent injury or death due to acoustic overexposure. In sound exposure studies, acoustic features can be compared to improve deterrence efficacy. In this study, we played 200–1600 Hz pulse trains from a drifting vessel and investigated changes in pelagic fish abundance and behavior by utilizing echosounders and hydrophones mounted to a transect of bottom-moored frames. We monitored fish presence and tracked individual fish. This revealed no changes in fish abundance or behavior, including swimming speed and direction of individuals, in response to the sound exposure. We did find significant changes in swimming depth of individually tracked fish, but this could not be linked to the sound exposures. Overall, the results clearly show that pelagic fish did not flee from the current sound exposures, and we found no clear changes in behavior due to the sound exposure. We cannot rule out that different sounds at higher levels elicit a deterrence response; however, it may be that pelagic fish are just more likely to respond to sound with (short-lasting) changes in school formation.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Sex differences in the relationship between maternal and foetal glucocorticoids in a free-ranging large mammal
<p><strong>Description</strong><br> <br> This registration contains the data and scripts used for the analysis in the manuscript "Sex differences in the relationship between maternal and neonate cortisol in a free-ranging large mammal" (https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.04.538920). All versions and additional material are posted on the OSF project page: https://osf.io/4ymc8/ </p> <p>Important to note: this is an updated registration from a previous version (www.osf.io/wynke). OSF currently does not allow to change the files that were uploaded previously, which is why we switched to Zenodo. Future updates to the dataset and scripts will take place here. </p> <p><br> <strong>Changes to previous version</strong></p> <p>Following our review process at PCI Ecology, we made some changes (mostly additions) to the previous version. This includes the addition of more raw data. </p> <p>Changes to the previous version include: </p> <p>- We added the raw faecal data (“Raw_faecal_data.csv) along with a script (“Faecal exploration .R”), which loads the raw faecal datafile and does some minor investigations on it. These include checking whether the sampling time or day matter, and calculating a repeatability estimate.<br> - In “Faecal exploration.R”, we highlight the outlier that we removed. <br> - We have added the t-test reported in the manuscript to the script “Analysis.R”.<br> - In “Analysis.R”, we now also run the analysis both with as well as without the outlier. We also have adapted our code to plot the outlier in the figure along with the other values. <br> - We have updated the README file to include a description of both the data files and the scripts. <br> </p>
Determinants of microbiome composition: Insights from free-ranging hybrid zebras (Equus quagga × grevyi)
<p>The composition of mammalian gut microbiomes is highly conserved within species, yet the mechanisms by which microbiome composition is transmitted and maintained within lineages of wild animals remain unclear. Mutually compatible hypotheses exist, including that microbiome fidelity results from inherited dietary habits, shared environmental exposure, morphophysiological filtering, and/or maternal effects. Interspecific hybrids are a promising system in which to interrogate the determinants of microbiome composition because hybrids can decouple traits and processes that are otherwise co-inherited in their parent species. We used a population of free-living hybrid zebras (<em>Equus quagga</em> × <em>grevyi</em>) in Kenya to evaluate the roles of these four mechanisms in regulating microbiome composition. We analyzed fecal DNA for both the <em>trn</em>L-P6 and the 16S rRNA V4 region to characterize the diets and microbiomes of the hybrid zebra and of their parent species, plains zebra (<em>E. quagga</em>) and Grevy's zebra (<em>E. grevyi</em>). We found that both diet and microbiome composition clustered by species, and that hybrid diets and microbiomes were largely nested within those of the maternal species, plains zebra. Hybrid microbiomes were less variable than those of either parent species where they co-occurred. Diet and microbiome composition were strongly correlated, although the strength of this correlation varied between species. These patterns are most consistent with the maternal-effects hypothesis, somewhat consistent with the diet hypothesis, and largely inconsistent with the environmental-sourcing and morphophysiological-filtering hypotheses. Maternal transmittance likely operates in conjunction with inherited feeding habits to conserve microbiome composition within species.</p>
Fig. 3 in Non-invasive detection of Orthohalarachne attenuata (Banks, 1910) and Orthohalarachne diminuata (Doetschman, 1944) (Acari: Halarachnidae) in free-ranging synanthropic South American sea lions Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800)
Fig. 3. Non-invasive diagnostic techniques for the detection of Orthohalarachne spp. (A) Sampling of sneezed mucus droplets and mucous nasal discharges from substrates of resting places. (B) Metal clothes hanger bent to form a square frame, covered with clingfilm and mounted on a telescopic rod and (C) sterile petri dishes mounted on a telescopic rod to directly collect sputum samples from the animals.
Fig. 1 in Non-invasive detection of Orthohalarachne attenuata (Banks, 1910) and Orthohalarachne diminuata (Doetschman, 1944) (Acari: Halarachnidae) in free-ranging synanthropic South American sea lions Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800)
Fig. 1. Sampling area of Orthohalarachne spp. of South American sea lions in Valdivia, Chile. The exact sampling location is shown in the section (upper-left) as a red-framed black star. Map created with QGIS (https://qgis.org/en/site/) and map data used from OpenStreetMap (openstreetmap.org/copyright). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 5 in Non-invasive detection of Orthohalarachne attenuata (Banks, 1910) and Orthohalarachne diminuata (Doetschman, 1944) (Acari: Halarachnidae) in free-ranging synanthropic South American sea lions Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800)
Fig. 5. Haplotype (TCS) networks of Orthohalarachne diminuata and Orthohalarachne attenuata based on 16S rDNA sequences. (A) Network analysis based on countries of origin, (B) network analysis based on the pinniped host species (CSL=California sea lion, GFS = Guadalupe fur seal, NFS=Northern fur seal, SAS=South American sea lion). For better visualization a combined network analysis of Or. attenuata and Or. diminuata sequences is shown, however, the calculated distance (48 mutations) between species was clipped. Or. attenuata haplotypes are encircled in black boxes with dashed lines, whereas Or. diminuata haplotypes are encircled in light grey boxes with dashed lines based on estimated MOTUs by ABGD.
Fig. 2 in Non-invasive detection of Orthohalarachne attenuata (Banks, 1910) and Orthohalarachne diminuata (Doetschman, 1944) (Acari: Halarachnidae) in free-ranging synanthropic South American sea lions Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800)
Fig. 2. Nasal discharge in three individuals (A, B, C) of the "urban" colony of South American sea lions Otaria flavescens in Valdivia, Chile.
Fig. 4 in Non-invasive detection of Orthohalarachne attenuata (Banks, 1910) and Orthohalarachne diminuata (Doetschman, 1944) (Acari: Halarachnidae) in free-ranging synanthropic South American sea lions Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800)
Fig. 4. Larval stages of (A) Orthohalarachne attenuata and (B) Orthohalarachne diminuata showing distinct differences in idiosoma length.
Fig. 4 in The threat of free-ranging domestic dog to native wildlife: implication for conservation in Southeast Asia
Fig. 4. The spatial distribution of perceived risk from domestic dog (Canis familiaris) across mainland Southeast Asia. Excluded human settlements and water bodies have been marked in white.
Fig. 3 in The threat of free-ranging domestic dog to native wildlife: implication for conservation in Southeast Asia
Fig. 3. Percentage perceived risk in Avian and Mammalian orders. Height of peaks represent number of species scaled to 2, see Supplementary Materials 4 and 5. Orders with two or less species, including Otidiformes, Dermoptera, Perissodactyla, Pholidota, and Proboscidea, were removed for visualisation.
Fig. 2 in The threat of free-ranging domestic dog to native wildlife: implication for conservation in Southeast Asia
Fig. 2. Percentage perceived risk in Red List categories. Height of peaks represent number of species scaled to 2, see Supplementary Materials 4 and 5.
Fig. 1 in The threat of free-ranging domestic dog to native wildlife: implication for conservation in Southeast Asia
Fig. 1. Bayesian networks modelling (a) perceived risk to carnivore mammalian species, (b) perceived risk to non-carnivore mammalian species, (c) perceived risk to Avian species and, (d) the spatial distribution of perceived risk from domestic dogs in mainland Southeast Asia.
Resource manipulation reveals interactive phenotype-dependent foraging in free-ranging lizards
<p>Recent evidence suggests that individuals differ in foraging tactics and this variation is often linked to an individual's behavioural type (BT). Yet, while foraging typically comprises a series of search and handling steps, empirical investigations have rarely considered BT-dependent effects across multiple stages of the foraging process, particularly in natural settings.</p> <p>In our long-term sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa) study system, individuals exhibit behavioural consistency in boldness (measured as an individual's willingness to approach a novel food item in the presence of a threat) and aggressiveness (measured as an individual's response to an 'attack' by a conspecific dummy). These BTs are only weakly correlated and have previously been shown to have interactive effects on lizard space use and movement, suggesting that they could also affect lizard foraging performance, particularly in their search behaviour for food.</p> <p>To investigate how lizards' BTs affect their foraging process in the wild, we supplemented food in 123 patches across a 120-ha study site with three food abundance treatments (high, low, and no-food-controls). Patches were replenished twice a week over the species' entire spring activity season and feeding behaviours were quantified with camera traps at these patches. We tracked lizards using GPS to determine their home range (HR) size and repeatedly assayed their aggressiveness and boldness in designated assays.</p> <p>We hypothesised that bolder lizards would be more efficient foragers while aggressive ones would be less attentive to the quality of foraging patches. We found an interactive BT effect on overall foraging performance. Individuals that were both bold and aggressive ate the highest number of food items from the foraging array. Further dissection of the foraging process showed that aggressive lizards in general ate the fewest food items in part because they visited foraging patches less regularly, and because they discriminated less between high and low-quality patches when revisiting them. Bolder lizards, in contrast, ate more tomatoes because they visited foraging patches more regularly, and ate a higher proportion of the available tomatoes at patches during visits.</p> <p>Our study demonstrates that BTs can interact to affect different search and handling components of the foraging process, leading to within-population variation in foraging success. Given that individual differences in foraging and movement will influence social and ecological interactions, our results highlight the potential role of BT's in shaping individual fitness strategies and population dynamics.</p>
Fig. 2 in Factors influencing Dipylidium sp. infection in a free-ranging social carnivore, the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta)
Fig. 2. The effect of prey abundance in spotted hyaena clan territories on the proportion of juveniles infected with Dipylidium sp.
Fig. 1 in Factors influencing Dipylidium sp. infection in a free-ranging social carnivore, the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta)
Fig. 1. (a) A spotted hyaena communal den. (b) Dipylidium sp. egg capsule obtained from a gravid proglottid collected from a spotted hyaena faeces. (c) Spotted hyaena faeces with Dipylidium proglottids present on the surface.
Fig. 4 in Lungworm seroprevalence in free-ranging harbour seals and molecular characterisation of marine mammal MSP
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic tree from maximum likelihood analysis of MSP nucleotide sequences of marine and terrestrial mammal parasitic nematodes including GenBank accession numbers. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated species clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) is shown next to the branches.
Fig. 5 in Lungworm seroprevalence in free-ranging harbour seals and molecular characterisation of marine mammal MSP
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree from maximum likelihood analysis of MSP amino acid sequences of marine and terrestrial mammal parasitic nematodes including GenBank accession numbers. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated species clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) is shown next to the branches. *amino acid sequence translated from EST sequences.
Fig. 3 in Lungworm seroprevalence in free-ranging harbour seals and molecular characterisation of marine mammal MSP
Fig. 3. Alignment of MSP amino acid sequences of marine and terrestrial mammal parasitic nematodes using the Clustal W method.
Fig. 2 in Lungworm seroprevalence in free-ranging harbour seals and molecular characterisation of marine mammal MSP
Fig. 2. Alignment of MSP nucleotide sequences of marine and terrestrial mammal parasitic nematodes using the Clustal W method.
Fig. 1 in Lungworm seroprevalence in free-ranging harbour seals and molecular characterisation of marine mammal MSP
Fig. 1. Anthelmintic treatment pattern, blood sampling time points and corresponding OD values of harbour seals in rehabilitation. Harbour seals (n = 6) were treated twice with ivermectin at arrival (day 1) at the Seal Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Pieterburen, The Netherlands, and 21 days later and once with mebendazole between day 2 and 6. OD values in grey boxes show lungworm-ELISA positive serum samples, those highlighted in blue lungworm-ELISA negative samples. Harbour seal individuals highlighted in dark grey coughed up lungworms one day after arrival. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.