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Figure 8 in Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores

Figure 8. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) sensu stricto. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view); (B) lateral view of segments I–V. (C and D) Clitellum in dorsal (C) and ventrolateral views (D); the elliptical contour in (D) shows the midventral granular field behind the male pores; (E) chylus cells in segment XIV; (F) shallow dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing the conspicuous epidermal gland cells; (G) midventral close-up of clitellum revealing the I-shaped male slits and the granular field behind them (contour); (H) dorsal view of segments IV–VI, showing the bent tail of a peptonephridium, the spermathecae and the pharyngeal glands. I, coelomocytes. (A) to (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens, (E) to (I) from live specimens. Anterior to the right, except in (G) and (H) where anterior is to the top.

Figure 1 in Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores

Figure 1. Achaeta borbonica sp. nov. (A) Anterior body half in a dorsal view. Note the intestinal loop in IX; (B) lateral view of segments IV–V, showing the right spermatheca; asterisks indicate the oesophageal dorsal ridge; (C) ventral view of segment V, revealing the closely spaced spermathecal pores; (D) sperm funnel in segment X; (E) lateral view of nephridium in segment VIII; (F) coelomic cavity of caudal segments (lateral view), showing the coarse granulation of the chloragogenous cells and the small size of coelomocytes as compared with the flask-shaped glands. (G and H) Lateral views of clitellum, in vivo (G) and after fixation (H). All except (H) from live specimens. In (A), (D) and (E) anterior to the top; in all others, anterior to the right.

Figure 3 in Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores

Figure 3. Achaeta giustii sp. nov. (A) Cephalic region (lateral view); (B) dorsolateral view of segments I–VIII, showing the well-developed pharyngeal glands; (C) dorsal view of clitellum. Note the granular cells bordering the middorsal interruption (dg); (D) shallow lateral view of body wall (segment IX), revealing the lozenge pattern of the longitudinal muscle fibres; (E) lateral view of clitellum, showing the reticulate pattern of the gland cells; (F) lateral view of same clitellum in a deeper optical section, documenting its midventral continuity and middorsal gap; (G) ectal portion of the spermatheca; (H) sperm funnel. All from permanent wholemounted specimens, anterior to the left.

Figure 7 in Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores

Figure 7. Fridericia meridiana sp. nov. (A) Anterior body segments (dorsal view). The white arrow points to the small spur of the last pharyngeal glands into VII; (B) clitellum (dorsal view); (C) male pores and midventral interruption of clitellum between and before them; (D) lateral view of clitellum and male opening after fixation; (E) coelomic cavity of segments XI–XII, showing the minute sperm funnel; (F) dorsolateral view of segments IV–V, showing first two pairs of pharyngeal glands and the right spermatheca; (G) coelomocytes; (H) peptonephridium. (A) and (D) from permanent whole-mounted specimens; all others from live specimens. In all, anterior to the right.

Fig. 6 in The Enchytraeid Fauna (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata) Of The Rax Mountain (Austria) With Description Of Two New Species And Comparison Of Fridericia Discifera Healy, 1975 And F. Alpica Sp. N.

Fig. 4 in The Enchytraeid Fauna (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata) Of The Rax Mountain (Austria) With Description Of Two New Species And Comparison Of Fridericia Discifera Healy, 1975 And F. Alpica Sp. N.

Fig. 4. Micrograph of Fridericia raxiensis sp. n. A = epidermal glands, B = clitellar glands dorsally (weakly developed), C = brain, D = second nephridium preclitellarly, E–F = coe- lomocytes, G = pharyngeal glands dorsal view (the additional ventral lobes in VII marked with arrows), H = chylus cells in XIV–XV of holotype, I = male copulatory organ (marked with white arrow) and the small subneural gland in XIII (marked with black arrow). (A–B, E in vivo, C–D, F–I fixed, stained; scale bars = 50 Μm)

Fig. 1 in The Enchytraeid Fauna (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata) Of The Rax Mountain (Austria) With Description Of Two New Species And Comparison Of Fridericia Discifera Healy, 1975 And F. Alpica Sp. N.

Fig. 1. Micrograph of Fridericia alpica sp. n. A = clitellar glands dorsally, B = clitellar glands ventrally, C–D = brain, E–F = pharyngeal glands (marked with white arrows, * = ventral

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Fig. 1. Fridericia glandifera. A in New record of three aquatic species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Korea

Fig. 1. Fridericia glandifera. A. shape of brain; B. a ventral chaetal bundle; C. clitellum; D. oesophageal appendages; E. spermatheca (Scale bars: A, B = 10 μm, E, F = 20 μm, H-J = 10 μm).

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Fig. 5. Fridericia bulboides. A in New descriptions of enchytraeid species (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Korea

Fig. 5. Fridericia bulboides. A. Oesophageal appendage; B. Sperm funnel; C. Coelomocytes; D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Fig. 6 in Two new species of Fridericia (Annelida: Enchytraeidae) from Hungarian caves

Fig. 6. Maximum likelihood (ML) trees of studied Fridericia species based on the ITS region (A), CO1 (B) and H3 genes (C). Bootstrap values greater than 50 are shown at the nodes. Sequences from new species described here appear in bold. A. ML tree of the ITS region based on 821 nucleotide positions. B. ML tree of the CO1 gene based on 388 nucleotide positions. C. ML tree of the H3 gene based on 202 nucleotide positions.

Fig. 1. A–D in Two new species of Fridericia (Annelida: Enchytraeidae) from Hungarian caves

Fig. 1. A–D. Fridericia baradlana sp. nov. A–B. Spermathecae. C. Oesophageal appendage. D. Coelomocytes. E–F. Fridericia spelaeophila sp. nov. E. Coelomocytes. F. Spermathecae. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Fig. 2 in Two new species of Fridericia (Annelida: Enchytraeidae) from Hungarian caves

Fig. 2. Micrograph of Fridericia baradlana sp. nov. A. Brain. B–D. Coelomocytes (C. several large lenticytes). E. Detached chaetae in coelom. F. Thick body wall, thin cuticle. G. Pharyngeal glands (marked with arrows). H. Subneural glands in XIII–XIV (marked with arrows). I–K. Sperm funnels (funnel's body marked with black arrows, sperm head marked with white arrows). (B–C, F, I–K in vivo, A, F, H fixed, stained, D, G fixed, not stained. Scale bars: 50 μm, in D 20 μm. B, E from holotype.)

Fig. 5 in Two new species of Fridericia (Annelida: Enchytraeidae) from Hungarian caves

Fig. 5. Micrograph of Fridericia spelaeophila sp. nov. A. Sperm funnel. B, H. Spermathecal ampullae (sperm in ampulla marked with arrows). C–G. Spermathecae. (In C, diverticula marked with black arrows, ectal glands with white arrow. D–E. Fused proximal parts marked with white arrows, ectal glands with black arrows. F. Ectal duct marked with white arrow, ectal glands with black arrows. G. Ectal glands marked with white arrow, the refractive sperm in ampullar distal part marked with black arrow). All pictures fixed and stained. E from holotype. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Fig. 7 in Two new species of Fridericia (Annelida: Enchytraeidae) from Hungarian caves

Fig. 7. Concatenated phylogenetic tree of the two new and other Fridericia species based on 1447 nucleotid positions (which comprise the CO1, H3 genes and the ITS region). Posterior probabilities greater than 50 are shown at the nodes. Sequences from new species described here appear in bold.

Fig. 4 in Two new species of Fridericia (Annelida: Enchytraeidae) from Hungarian caves

Fig. 4. Micrograph of Fridericia spelaeophila sp. nov. A. Brain. B. Head pore (marked with arrow). C. Chaetae in V–VII. D. Clitellar glands, dorsal view. E. Chaetae in VII–VIII. F. Detached chaetae in coelom. G. Coelomocytes. H. Nephridium at 7/8 (pre- and postseptale marked with arrows). I. Fragments of decaying wood in the intestine (marked with arrow). J. Male copulatory organs, lateral view. K–L. Sperm funnels. (A, K in vivo, B–J, L fixed, stained. Scale bars: 50 μm. B, G from holotype, K from DNA 1283.)

Fig. 3 in Two new species of Fridericia (Annelida: Enchytraeidae) from Hungarian caves

Fig. 3. Micrograph of Fridericia baradlana sp. nov. A. Sperm funnels (marked with arrows). B–C. Male copulatory organs (marked with arrows). D. Bursal slit (marked with arrow). E–H, K–L. Spermathecae. I–J. Spermathecal ectal glands (marked with arrows). (A, C, E–F in vivo, B, J, K–L fixed, stained, D, G, H–I fixed, not stained). Scale bars: 50 μm, in H, J–L 20 μm, J–L from holotype.

Table 2 in Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores

<p>Table 2. Key morphological characters distinguishing <i>Fridericia rara</i> sp. nov. from <i>F. bulbosa</i> sensu stricto, the only known quadrisetose congener possessing adiverticulate spermathecae, hyaline coelomocytes and short, simple peptonephridia. Measurements in this table refer to live specimens, except where specified by (f), meaning fixed material.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><th><i>F. rara</i> sp. n.</th><th><i>F. bulbosa</i> sensu Rota, 1995</th><th><i>F. bulbosa</i> – urban SI</th><th><i>F. bulbosa</i> – urban NA</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Length</th><td>5 mm</td><td>7–9 mm</td><td>6 mm</td><td>5–7 mm</td></tr><tr><th>Width (at clitellum)</th><td>0.25 mm</td><td>0.23–0.28 mm</td><td>0.23 mm</td><td>0.22–0.26 mm</td></tr><tr><th>Segments</th><td>27–32</td><td>39–41</td><td>27–37</td><td>24–36</td></tr><tr><th>Chaetal formula</th><td>0,2 – 2: 2,3,4 – 2</td><td>2,3,4– 4,3,2: 2,3,4–4,3,2</td><td>2,3,4 – 2: 2,3,4 – (4,3),2</td><td>2,3,4 – 2: 2,3,4 – 4,3,2</td></tr><tr><th>Chaetal length precl.</th><td>24–27 μm (lat.); 27-35 μm (v.)</td><td>up to 45 μm</td><td>up to 42 μm</td><td>up to 40 μm</td></tr><tr><th>length postcl.</th><td>26–35 μm (lat. & v.)</td><td>50 μm</td><td>up to 42 μm</td><td>40 μm</td></tr><tr><th>Clitellar pattern</th><td>regular rows, chequered, interr. ventrally in XII; cells mostly hyaline, large</td><td>regular rows, ventr. absent between &male; pores, granular behind them, mosaic in XIII; hyaline cells large</td><td>regular rows, absent between &male; pores, granular behind them, mosaic in XIII; hyaline cells large</td><td>regular rows, absent between &male; pores, granular behind them, mosaic in XIII; hyaline cells large</td></tr><tr><th>Male openings</th><td>longitudinal, glandular duct end</td><td>longitudinal</td><td>longitudinal</td><td>longitudinal</td></tr><tr><th>Peptonephridia</th><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td></tr><tr><th>Coelomocytes:</th></tr><tr><th>nucleated</th><td>Type a,.24–30 μm long(f)</td><td>Type a, up to 30 μm long</td><td>Type a</td><td>Type a, 32–40 μm long</td></tr><tr><th>anucleate</th><td>small (2.5–6 μm)(f)</td><td>small (4–10 μm)</td><td>small</td><td>small (4–6 μm)</td></tr><tr><th>Chylus cells</th><td>XII–XIV</td><td>XIII–XIV</td><td>XIII–XIV</td><td>XIII–XIV</td></tr><tr><th>Dorsal vessel from</th><td>XV</td><td>XVI–XVII</td><td>XVI</td><td>XV–XVII</td></tr><tr><th>Preclitellar nephridia</th><td>3 pairs (6/7–8/9) midventral</td><td>5 pairs (6/7–10/11)</td><td>5 pairs (6/7–10/11) subterminal</td><td>5 pairs (6/7–10/11)</td></tr><tr><th>Sperm funnels l: w</th><td>88: 50 μm</td><td>152–184: 65 μm 112: 50(f)</td><td>80: 32 μm (f)</td><td>75–100: 42–50 μm</td></tr><tr><th>Penial bulb length</th><td>50 μm(f)</td><td>120 μm, soft, 80(f)</td><td>50–58 μm(f)</td><td>60–64 μm(f)</td></tr><tr><th>Spermathecal ampulla w;</th><td>45 μm; 32(f)</td><td>30 μm; 26(f)</td><td>30 μm; 26–28(f)</td><td>32 μm; 24–29(f)</td></tr><tr><th>ental ducts;</th><td>adjacent;</td><td>adjacent;</td><td>adjacent, on one side;</td><td>merging;</td></tr><tr><th>ectal duct l: w;</th><td>112: 10 μm(f);</td><td>245: 12 μm;</td><td>225: 15 μm;</td><td>175: 15 μm;</td></tr><tr><th>glands at pore</th><td>one, small, 8 μm long(f)</td><td>one, 28 μm long</td><td>one, small, 13 μm long</td><td>one, small, 10 μm long(f)</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 1 in Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores

<p>Table 1. Key morphological characters distinguishing <i>Fridericia meridiana</i> sp. nov. from the known quadrisetose congeners possessing adiverticulate spermathecae, peripherally granular coelomocytes and short, simple peptonephridia. Measurements in this table refer to live specimens, except where specified by (f), meaning fixed material.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><th><i>F. meridiana</i> sp. nov.</th><th><i>F. bretscheri</i> Southern, 1907</th><th><i>F. schmelzi</i> Cech & Dózsa-Farkas, 2005</th><th><i>F. composti</i> Schmelz, 2003</th><th><i>F. semisetosa</i> Dózsa-Farkas, 1970</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Length</th><td>5–6 mm</td><td>5–10 mm</td><td>5–7.7 mm</td><td>6–8 mm</td><td>5–7 mm</td></tr><tr><th>Width (at clitellum)</th><td>0.19–0.20 mm</td><td>0.25–0.32 μm</td><td>0.22–0.29 mm</td><td>0.30 mm</td><td>0.15–0.24 μm</td></tr><tr><th>Segments</th><td>28–36</td><td>30–42</td><td>34–37</td><td>33–36</td><td>24–34</td></tr><tr><th>Chaetal formula</th><td>2,3 – 2: 2,3,4 – (3),2</td><td>(2,3),4 – 4,3,2: 3,4 – 4,3,2</td><td>(2),3,4 – (3),2: 3,4 – (4),2</td><td>0,1,2,(3,4)</td><td>1,0 – 0: 2,3,4 – (3),2,1</td></tr><tr><th>Chaetal length precl.</th><td>25–40 μm</td><td>up to 40 μm</td><td>up to 29 μm</td><td>up to 40 μm</td><td>20–30 μm</td></tr><tr><th>Max length postcl.</th><td>50 μm</td><td>65 μm</td><td>?</td><td>40 μm</td><td>up to 30 μm</td></tr><tr><th>Clitellar pattern</th><td>regular rows, interrupted ventrally in XII; cells mostly hyaline, large</td><td>irregular; complete; rows of granular cells between male pores</td><td>regular rows, often double, interrupted ventr. in XII; hyaline cells large</td><td>irregular; complete; rows of granular cells between male pores</td><td>regular rows, interrupted dorsally and ventrally; hyaline cells larger</td></tr><tr><th>Male openings</th><td>T-shaped</td><td>longitudinal (staple)</td><td>transversal</td><td>L or T-shaped</td><td>T-shaped</td></tr><tr><th>Peptonephridia</th><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td></tr><tr><th>Coelomocytes:</th></tr><tr><th>nucleated</th><td>Type b, 18–30 μm long</td><td>Type b, 30–36 μm long</td><td>Type b, 24–34 μm</td><td>Type b, 22–25 μm</td><td>Type b, 20 μm(f)</td></tr><tr><th>anucleate</th><td>small (5–10 μm)</td><td>small (6–10 μm)</td><td>large (8–12 μm)</td><td>large (8–12 μm)</td><td>large (9–12 μm)(f)</td></tr><tr><th>Chylus cells</th><td>IX–X or X–XI</td><td>XII–XV</td><td>IX–X, X–XI or XI–XII</td><td>X–XII</td><td>XII–XIII or XI–XII</td></tr><tr><th>Dorsal vessel from</th><td>XIII–XIV</td><td>XV–XVIII</td><td>XIV–XVI</td><td>XIV</td><td>XIV–XVI</td></tr><tr><th>Preclitellar nephridia</th><td>4 pairs (6/7–9/10) midventral</td><td>4 pairs (6/7–9/10) midventral</td><td>5 pairs (6/7–10/11) midventral</td><td>5 pairs (6/7–10/11) subterminal</td><td>5 pairs (6/7–10/11) midventral</td></tr><tr><th>Sperm funnels l: w</th><td>75: 38 μm</td><td>90–200: 50–100 μm</td><td>48–62: 29–34 μm</td><td>80: 35 μm</td><td>70–110: 37–65 μm</td></tr><tr><th>Penial bulb length</th><td>55 μm</td><td>80–120 μm</td><td>110 μm</td><td>62 μm</td><td>70–90 μm(f)</td></tr><tr><th>Spermathecal ampulla w; ental ducts; ectal</th><td>20 μm(f); separate or adjacent; 175 μm</td><td>43–49 μm; adjacent or merging;</td><td>22–25 μm; merging dorsally;</td><td>25–28 μm(f); merging dorsally;</td><td>22 μm; merging dorsally;</td></tr><tr><th>duct l: w</th><td></td><td>250: 15 μm</td><td>130–160: 10 μm</td><td>100–120: 10 μm(f)</td><td>100: 10 μm(f)</td></tr><tr><th>glands at pore</th><td>1, small, 8–10 μm long(f)</td><td>1or 2, large, 60 μm long</td><td>1, 20–30 μm</td><td>1, 20 μm long(f)</td><td>1, 20–22 μm long</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Fig. 3 in The Enchytraeid Fauna (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata) Of The Rax Mountain (Austria) With Description Of Two New Species And Comparison Of Fridericia Discifera Healy, 1975 And F. Alpica Sp. N.

Fig. 3. Micrograph of Fridericia discifera. A = clitellar glands dorsally, B = clitellar glands

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Fig. 2 in The Enchytraeid Fauna (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata) Of The Rax Mountain (Austria) With Description Of Two New Species And Comparison Of Fridericia Discifera Healy, 1975 And F. Alpica Sp. N.

Fig. 2. Micrograph of Fridericia alpica sp. n. A = midgut pars tumida in XXX–XXXI, lateral