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Fig. 3 in Archaic Dialect Of Chaffinch, Fringilla Coelebs (Passeriformes, Fringillidae), Song In The Lower-Dnipro Area (South Ukraine) And Its Territorial Relations

Fig. 3. Dendrogram of territorial complexes Lower-Dnipro Area (localities are described in table 1).

Fig. 1 in Archaic Dialect Of Chaffinch, Fringilla Coelebs (Passeriformes, Fringillidae), Song In The Lower-Dnipro Area (South Ukraine) And Its Territorial Relations

Fig. 1. Components of Chaffinch song structure: 1 — phrase; 2 — inserted element; 3 — pre-flourish; 4 — flourish. a — element; b — sub-element.

Fig. 2 in Archaic Dialect Of Chaffinch, Fringilla Coelebs (Passeriformes, Fringillidae), Song In The Lower-Dnipro Area (South Ukraine) And Its Territorial Relations

Fig. 2. Study area and Lower-Dnipro dialect territory:> 50 — localities with more than 50 % specific dialectal Lower Dnipro song types in song complex; 26–50 — specific dialectal types constitute 26–50 % of song complex; 5–25 — dialectal types constitute 5–25 %; 0 — specific dialectal types were not found.

Fig. 5 in Archaic Dialect Of Chaffinch, Fringilla Coelebs (Passeriformes, Fringillidae), Song In The Lower-Dnipro Area (South Ukraine) And Its Territorial Relations

Fig. 5. Specific "southern" elements in Lower-Dnipro dialect. Elements found in song complexes of South Ukraine: LD — Lower-Dnipro dialect; SE — South-East sub-dialect of Left-bank dialect; Cr — Crimean dialect; Da — Danube dialect; Cp — Carpathian dialect.

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Fig. 2 in The canary Serinus canaria (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) as a new host for Isospora bioccai in Mexico

Fig. 2. Isospora bioccai from the duodenum of a canary Serinus canaria. Meronts (arrowheads) surrounded by its parasitophorous vacuole. Scale-bar: 10μm.

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Fig. 1 in The canary Serinus canaria (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) as a new host for Isospora bioccai in Mexico

Fig. 1. Oöcyst of Isospora bioccai. A & B. Photomicrographs. Scale-bar: 10μm. ∗ Corresponding author. CIESA-FMVZ-UAEM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 12, Toluca, 50200, Mexico. E-mail address: soriano@uaemex.mx (E. Soriano-Vargas).

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Fig. 3 in The canary Serinus canaria (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) as a new host for Isospora bioccai in Mexico

Fig. 3. Duodenum histological sections of a naturally Isospora bioccai-infected canary Serinus canaria. A. Meronts surrounded by its parasitophorous vacuole. B. A sexual stage. Photomicrographs. Scale-bar: 10μm.

Figure 9 in The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa

Figure 9. Distribution of measurements of the angle of the mandibular symphysis to the internal ramus. See character 31.

Figure 8 in The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa

Figure 8. Method of measuring the angle of the mandibular symphysis to the internal ramus. Mandibles, in lateral view, are of Telespiza ypsilon USNM 254736 – subparallel (A), Vangulifer mirandus USNM 445808 – deflected (B), and Aidemedia zanclops BBM-X 155160 holotype – deflected (C). See character 31.

Figure 11 in The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa

Figure 11. Illustration of states for mandible characters 38, 40, 43, and 44. Mandibles of Passer domesticus USNM 561838 (A) and Telespiza cantans USNM 289278 (B) in lateral view, illustrating the concave vs. straight dorsal profile (character 38). The articular end of the mandible in Oreomystis bairdi USNM 553183 (C) and Sicalis flaveola USNM 556091 (D) in dorsal view, illustrating presence (D) vs. absence (C) of lateral inflation anterior to the lateral cotyla (character 40). The articular end of the mandible in Pooecetes gramineus USNM 555444 (E) and Leucosticte tephrocotis USNM 501466 (F) in dorsal view, illustrating the deep vs. shallow development of bone below the lateral cotyla (character 43). The articular end of the mandible in Cardinalis cardinalis USNM 554219 (G) and Telespiza cantans USNM 561510 (H) in anterodorsal view, illustrating a prominent intercotylar tubercle vs. a weakly developed one (character 44).

Figure 4 in The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa

Figure 4. Method of measuring degrees of arc of the premaxilla, illustrated on the skull of Himatione sanguinea (MVZ 118858). See character 5.

Figure 14 in The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa

Figure 14. Phylogram showing one of two optimal trees for matrix B (length 193 steps, consistency index 0.42). Eleven clades are identified, and illustrated in Figures 14 and 15. Bremer support (roman numbers) and bootstrap support>50% (italic numbers in parentheses) are indicated. Daggers identify taxa that became extinct in historic times; double daggers identify extinct fossil taxa. The branch lengths were determined with accelerated transformation of states. *These taxa may also be extinct.

Figure 7 in The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa

Figure 7. Distribution of logarithmic ratios of the length to height of the narial opening. See character 22.

Figure 2 in The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa

Figure 2. Osteological terminology illustrated on the skull and mandible of Loxops stejnegeri (USNM 502195).

Figure 10 in The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa

Figure 10. Distribution of logarithmic ratios of the height at the coronoid processes to the height at the lateral cotyla. See character 33.

Figure 6 in The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa

Figure 6. Distribution of measurements of the relative breadth of the supranasal bar. See character 11.

Figure 5 in The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa

Figure 5. Distribution of measurements of the degrees of arc of the premaxilla. Taxa with greater>40∞ omitted. See character 5.

Figure 15 in The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa

Figure 15. Crania of selected representatives of clades 1 to 4, from Figure 13. Lateral view of the skull and mandible in Loxioides bailleui MVZ 122621 (1a), Telespiza cantans USNM 502223 (1b), Chloridops kona AMNH 453677 (2a), Rhodancanthis flaviceps AMNH 453644 (2b), Xestospiza fastigialis (3; composite drawing, see material examined), and Melamprosops phaeosoma AMNH 810456 (4). Scale bar = 2 cm.

Figure 1 in The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa

Figure 1. Map of the Hawaiian Islands showing the principal collecting localities for fossil drepanidines. From west to east, the localities are (1) the Makawehi Dunes (Olson & James, 1982; Hearty et al., 2000), (2) Mahaulepu Cave (Burney et al., 2001), (3) sediments of mixed origin exposed near Ohikilolo Point (Storrs Olson, pers. comm.), (4) karstic solution pits and caves on the Ewa Plain near Barber's Point (Olson & James, 1982; Athens et al., 2002), (5) Pleistocene wetland sediments at Ulupau Head (James, 1987), (6) perched dunes at Ilio Point (Olson & James, 1982; Hearty et al., 2000), (7) the Moomomi Dunes (Olson & James, 1982; Hearty et al., 2000), (8) Puu Naio Cave (James et al., 1987), (9) Puu Makua Cave (Olson & James, 1991), (10) Lua Lepo Cave (Olson & James, 1991), (11) Auwahi Cave (Olson & James, 1991), (12) Crystal Cave (Olson & James, 1991), (13) Pukamoa (Medeiros, Loope & James, 1989), (14) Owl Cave (Jon Giffin, pers. comm.), (15) Umii Manu (Giffin, 1993), and (16) Petrel Cave (James & Olson, 2003). Localities (8) to (16) are lava tubes.

Figure 16 in The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa

Figure 16. Crania of selected representatives of clades 5 to 11, from Figure 13. Lateral view of the skull and mandible in Pseudonestor xanthophrys BMNH S/1961-11-40 (5), Vangulifer mirandus USNM 445807 (holotype) and USNM 445808 (6), Paroreomyza montana USNM 502188 (7), Loxops sagittirostris USNM AMNH 453236 (8), Akialoa stejnegeri USNM 19094 (9a), Hemignathus wilsoni MVZ 122610 (9b), Loxops v. virens USNM 553210 (10), Vestiaria coccinea USNM 502204 (11a), and Ciridops anna MCZ 10995 (11b). Scale bar = 2 cm.