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34 results for “Frontonia”
Fig. 7 in Studies on Three Diverse Frontonia Species (Ciliophora, Peniculida), with Brief Notes on 14 Marine or Brackish Congeners
Fig. 7. BI tree inferred from small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Numbers near the branches represent BI posterior probabilities and nonparametric maximum likelihood bootstrap values. All branches are drawn to scale. The scale bar corresponds to 5 substitutions per 100 nucleotide position. The subclass Peniculia is highlighted in gray. The species newly sequenced in this work is in bold. ZH – Zhuhai population of F. magna, QD – Qingdao population of F. magna.
Fig. 4 in Studies on Three Diverse Frontonia Species (Ciliophora, Peniculida), with Brief Notes on 14 Marine or Brackish Congeners
Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm.
Fig. 2 in Studies on Three Diverse Frontonia Species (Ciliophora, Peniculida), with Brief Notes on 14 Marine or Brackish Congeners
Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm.
Fig. 3 in Studies on Three Diverse Frontonia Species (Ciliophora, Peniculida), with Brief Notes on 14 Marine or Brackish Congeners
Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm.
Figure 3 in Frontonia anatolica n. sp., a new peniculid ciliate (Protista, Ciliophora) from Lake Van, Turkey
Figure 3. General morphology and oral field of Frontonia spp. F. elliptica (a–d, g), F. fusca (e, f). a, b, g, from Dragesco and Dragesco-Kernéis (1986); c, from Kahl (1931); d, from Foissner (1996); e, f, from Fokin (2008). Cs = Somatic kinety; Cv1–4 = Vestibular kinety 1–4; P1–3 = Peniculus 1–3; Pa = Parorale membrane; Vc = Excretory pores; Large arrow in e marks pigment granules; Small arrow in e marks micronuclei; Arrows in white area in e mark contractile vacuole; Arrows in f mark excretory pores.
FIGURE 10 in Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida)
FIGURE 10. Frontonia species from living cells (C, D, G, I, K, O, Q) and after silver nitrate impregnations (B, E, F, H, J, L, N, P). (A, B) F. azerbaijanica Alekperov, 2005 (after Alekperov 2005). (C) F. bullingtoni Dragesco, 1960 (after Dragesco 1960). (D) F. c a n e t i Dragesco, 1960 (after Dragesco 1960). (E, F) F. elongata Burkovsky, 1970 (after Burkovsky 1970b). (G, H) F. frigida Petz et al., 1995 (after Petz et al. 1995). (I, J) F. l y n n i Long et al. 2005 (after Long et al. 2005). (K, L) F. m a r i n a Fabre-Domergue, 1891 (K after Dragesco 1960; L after Roque 1961). (M, N) F. m a r i s a l b i Burkovsky, 1970 (after Burkovsky 1970a). (O, P) F. s a l m a s t r a Dragesco and Dragesco-Kernéis, 1986 (after Dragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis 1986). (Q) F. vacuolata Dragesco, 1960 (after Dragesco 1960). (R) F. vernalis Bullington, 1939 (after Bullington 1939). (S) F. canadensis Roque and Puytorac, 1972 (after Roque & Puytorac 1972). Scale bars in (C) = 25 µm; in (M) = 30µm; in(S) =50 µm; in (E) =60 µm; in (G) =90 µm; in (D,K, Q, R)= 100 µm; in (A)= 150 µm.
FIGURE 11 in Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida)
FIGURE 11. Small subunit rRNA gene sequence of Frontonia lynni (F. l y n n i) aligned with the sequence of F. d i d i e r i (F. didieri) and F. tchibisovae (F. t c h i b i s o.). Numbers at the end of lines indicate the number of nucleotides. The differences in sequence length were compensated for by introducing alignment gaps (-) in the sequences. Matched sites are marked with dots.
FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida)
FIGURE 7. The Chinese population (except D and E) of Frontonia tchibisovae from living cells (A), after silver nitrate
FIGURE 9 in Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida)
FIGURE 9. The population of Frontonia tchibisovae in China after silver carbonate (A, E) and silver nitrate (B–D, F–J) impregnations. (A, F, G) Dorsal views, to show the CVP (arrowheads). (B, C) Buccal area, to show the oral apparatus, arrowheads in B mark the vestibular kineties. (D) Ventral view of a cell ingesting food. (E, J) Pellicle and silverline system structure. (H) Ventral view of a whole cell. (I) To show the paroral membrane (arrow) and the argentophilic line (arrowhead). Scale bars in (A) = 60 µm; in (H) = 80 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida)
FIGURE 8. The Chinese population of Frontonia tchibisovae from life (A–H). (A, B) Ventral views of two typical specimens. (C–E, G, H) To show the densely-arranged extrusomes (arrowheads). Arrows in C, G mark the buccal field. (F) Arrow indicates an ingested large alga in the cytoplasm. Scale bars in (A) = 65 µm; in (B) = 80 µm.
FIGURE 4. Frontonia multinucleata n in Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida)
FIGURE 4. Frontonia multinucleata n. sp. from living cells (A, B), after silver nitrate (C, F, H, K), silver carbonate (I, J) and protargol (D, E, G) impregnations. (A, B) Ventral views of typical specimens. (C) Dorsal view, to show the contractile vacuole pore (arrowhead). (D, E) Side views, to show the fibers connected with the buccal and postoral suture area. Note the contractile vacuole is near the dorsal side. (F) Detailed structure of the peniculus 3. (G) To show the different situation of the macronuclear nodules. (H) The oral apparatus, note the two-rowed paroral membrane (PM) and the vestibular kineties (VK), in which the anterior part consists of monokinetids. (I, J) The infraciliature of ventral and dorsal (ventral-to-dorsal) side of the same specimen, to show the postoral suture (arrows in I and J), and the contractile vacuole. (K) Ventral view, note the long cytopyge (arrowheads). SL = silver line. Scale bars = 30 µm.
FIGURE 5. Frontonia multinucleata n in Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida)
FIGURE 5. Frontonia multinucleata n. sp. from life (A–E). (A, D) Typical individuals. (B) To show the ejected extrusomes. (C) Extrusomes beneath the pellicle. (E) Lateral view, to show the contractile vacuole (arrow). Scale bars in (B) = 15 µm; in (D) = 45 µm; in (A, E) = 50 µm.
FIGURE 6. Frontonia multinucleata n in Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida)
FIGURE 6. Frontonia multinucleata n. sp. after silver carbonate (A–C, E, F) and silver nitrate (D, G, H–N) impregnations. (A, B, E, F, M) Ventral and dorsal views of different cells. Note the macronuclear nodules (arrows). (C) Part of pellicle, arrow marks the extrusome. (D, H) Oral apparatus. Arrowheads mark the posterior ends of kinety rows in P3, which are in different lengths. (G, K) To point the CVP (arrowheads). (I) Detail of the silverline system. (J, L) Buccal area, to show the vestibular kineties (arrowheads) and the paroral membrane (arrow in L). (N) Structures posterior to the oral apparatus. Note the postoral kineties (arrowheads) and the cytopyge (arrow). Scale bars in (M) = 30 µm; in (A, E, F) = 45 µm; in (K) = 50 µm.
FIGURE 3. Frontonia didieri n in Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida)
FIGURE 3. Frontonia didieri n. sp. from living cells (A, B, E, I, J), after silver carbonate (G, H), silver nitrate (C, D, K) and protargol (F) impregnations. (A) Ventral view, to show the typical body shape. (B, G) Anterior ventral part. Note the buccal cavity (arrow) and the extrusomes (arrowheads) in B. (C) Ventral view of a specimen. (D) To show the silverline system, arrow marks the CVP. (E) A pressed cell filled with diatoms. (F) Oral apparatus. Arrows indicate the vestibular kineties, arrowheads mark the posterior ends of kinety rows in P1, while double-arrowheads refer to the paroral membrane. (H) The macronucleus. (I) Arrow marks the CVP. (J) To show the contractile vacuole and the collecting canals (arrowheads). (K) To show the detail of the structure of P3. Note the shortest (arrowhead), the median-long (doublearrowheads) and the longest rows (arrow). Scale bars in (C) = 30 µm; in (J) = 40 µm; in (E) = 50 µm; in (A) = 70 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida)
FIGURE 2. Dorsal-lateral views of Frontonia didieri n. sp. (A–D) and F. t c h i b i s o v a e (E–H) (after silver nitrate impregnation), to show the CVP (arrowheads).
FIGURE 1. Frontonia didieri n in Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida)
FIGURE 1. Frontonia didieri n. sp. from living cells (A), after protargol (B, C, E, G) and silver carbonate impregnations (D, F). (A) Ventral view of a typical specimen. (B) Ventral view of an individual in division. (C, D, F) To show the general infraciliature. (G) To show the oral apparatus, note the long vestibular kineties (VK) and two-rowed paroral membrane (PM). AS = anterior suture; Ma = macronucleus; P1–3 = peniculus 1–3; PK = postoral kineties; PS = postoral suture. Scale bars = 40 μm.
FIGURE 4 in Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Frontonia Ciliate, F. paramagna spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from Harbin, Northeast China
FIGURE 4. ML and BI trees based on SSU rRNA gene sequences (Dataset II) computed with PHYML and MrBayes. The first and second values at the nodes represent bootstrap values for ML and BI analyses, respectively; a '*' indicates a disagreement in topology that could not be represented on the consensus tree. The scale bar represents 5 changes per 100 positions. The sequences of Trimyema munutum and Plagiopyla frontata were used to root the tree. The position of the new species in the phylogenetic trees is marked with an arrow.
FIGURE 2 in Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Frontonia Ciliate, F. paramagna spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from Harbin, Northeast China
FIGURE 2. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, F, G, I) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, E, H, J, K, M) and silver nitrate (C, L). A. Ventral view of a typical individual; arrow marks the contractile vacuole. B. Dorsal view of a typical individual. C. Arrow indicates the contractile vacuole pore. D. The postoral kineties. E. Arrows mark the somatic kineties. F-G. Photomicrographs of buccal field (arrows), showing vestibular kineties, paroral membrane and peniculi 1, 2, 3. H. To show the argentophilic line (the arrow below) and the paroral membrane (the arrow above). I, J. The spindle-shaped trichocyst. K. The macronucleus. L. Arrow indicates the peniculus 3. M. Photomicrograph of peniculi1, 2, 3 (P1, P2, P3). Scale bars in (B, C) = 200 µm; PM, paroral membrane; VK, vestibular kineties; PK, postoral kineties; Ma, macronucleus
FIGURE 1 in Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Frontonia Ciliate, F. paramagna spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from Harbin, Northeast China
FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F–H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P1–3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties.
FIGURE 3 in Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Frontonia Ciliate, F. paramagna spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from Harbin, Northeast China
FIGURE 3. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (A, B, F, G, H) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (C–E). A. SEM photograph of a typical individual. B. Arrowhead shows the buccal field. C, F. Arrowhead shows the spindle-shaped trichocyst. D. Arrowhead shows the mucocyst. E. Arrowhead shows another type of trichocyst. G. Arrowheads show the fibre layers. H. Arrowheads show the vestibular kineties (VK) and the columnar structure. Scale bars in (A) =20µm; in (B) =6µm; in Fig (C, D) = 0.3µm; in Fig. (E, F) =1µm; in Fig. G = 2µm; in Fig. H = 4µm.
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