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8 results for “Fryxell Basin”
Metacommunity simulations for diatom assemblages residing in benthic cyanobacterial mats in Fryxell Basin in Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Here, we use MCSim, a spatially explicit metacommunity simulation package for R, to test alternative hypotheses about the roles of dispersal and species sorting in maintaining the biodiversity of diatom assemblages residing in black and orange mats in Fryxell Basin in Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. The spatial distribution and patchiness of cyanobacterial mat habitats was characterized by remote imagery of the Lake Fryxell sub-catchment in Taylor Valley collected in January 2015. The available species pool for diatom metacommunity simulation scenarios was informed by the Antarctic Freshwater Diatoms Database, maintained by the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program, representing samples collected between January 1994 and January 2013. We used simulation outcomes to test the plausibility of alternative community assembly hypotheses to explain empirically observed patterns of freshwater diatom biodiversity in the long-term record. The most plausible simulation scenarios suggest species sorting by environmental filters, alone, was not sufficient to maintain biodiversity in the Fryxell Basin diatom metacommunity. The most plausible scenarios included either (1) neutral models with different immigration rates for diatoms in orange and black mats or (2) species sorting by a relatively weak environmental filter, such that dispersal dynamics also influenced diatom community assembly, but there was not such a strong disparity in immigration rates between mat types. The results point to the importance of dispersal for understanding current and future biodiversity patterns for diatoms in this ecosystem, and more generally, provide further evidence that metacommunity theory is a useful framework for testing hypotheses about microbial community assembly. This dataset supports the paper: Sokol, E. Et al, 2020. Evaluating Alternative Metacommunity Hypotheses for Diatoms in the McMurdo Dry Valleys Using Simulations and Remote Sensing Data
Spectral and biological characteristics of microbial mats and mosses across Fryxell Basin, Taylor Valley, Antarctica (2018-2019)
An intensive field campaign was conducted during the 2018-2019 austral summer to assess spectral and biological characteristics of multiple microbial mat types, as well as mosses, across nine ephemeral glacial meltwater streams in the Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley, located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. In addition to biological sample collection, hyperspectral visible/near-infrared (VNIR) measurements were conducted using an ASD FieldSpec4 spectrometer, corrected and averaged across each mat, moss, and soil type, and downsampled to the multispectral resolution of the WorldView-2 satellite. This package contains a detailed sample archive, associated images, biological characteristics that include ash free dry mass (AFDM), chlorophyll-a, and pigment concentrations, as well as hyperspectral and multispectral reflectance spectra.
Ash-free dry mass data from drift net experiments in glacial-melt streams of Fryxell Basin, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, during the 2022-2023 austral summer
During the 2022-2023 austral summer, 12 drift net experiments were conducted in four glacial-melt streams—Aiken Creek, Green Creek, Lost Seal Stream, and Von Guerard Stream—to quantify particulate organic matter (POM) flux from streams to downstream lakes. Streams are located in Fryxell Basin, within Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Drift nets were deployed near the mouth of each stream and sampled every 4 to 12 hours to collect POM. Collected as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER project, these data provide insight into the temporal variability of organic material transport in polar desert ecosystems.
Hyperspectral reflectance values and biophysicochemical properties of biocrusts and soils in the Fryxell Basin, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2019)
This data package includes ecological parameters of biocrust and soil from samples collected in-situ within the Lake Fryxell Basin of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica during December of 2019. Parameters include biological (ash-free dry mass, pigment concentration, and counts of soil invertebrates), physical (water content, electrical conductivity, and pH), and chemical properties (inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorous, total nitrogen, and total organic carbon) of the surface soil, biocrust, and underlying soil. This data package also contains reflectance measurements of biocrust, soil, and granite samples acquired in a laboratory using a hyperspectral spectrometer. Included are hyperspectral reflectance measurements of a laboratory study using a variety of mixtures of soil and biocrust (0 – 100% biocrust), as well as reflectance measurements of individual grab samples collected from each of the field plots. These data aid our understanding of the ecological structure and functioning of biocrust microhabitats as well as the location of these communities throughout the Lake Fryxell Basin. This work also aims to assist in understanding the carbon budget of the basin and highlight the importance of these snowpack-fed biocrust communities, which are understudied but likely an important piece of the overall carbon budget in this region.
Biophysicochemical properties and hyperspectral reflectance values of biocrust and soil samples, Fryxell Basin, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2022)
This data package includes biophysicochemical properties of biocrust and soil samples collected in-situ within the Lake Fryxell basin of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica during December 2022 at 64 different terrestrial locations. These parameters include biological (ash-free dry mass, pigment concentration, soil invertebrate counts), physical (gravimetric water content, electrical conductivity, pH), and chemical (inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorous, total nitrogen, soil organic carbon) properties of the surface soil, biocrust, and underlying soil. This package also contains reflectance measurements of individual grab samples of biocrust, soil, and rock collected from each of the field sites, acquired in a laboratory using a hyperspectral spectrometer. Additionally, this package contains parameters derived solely from geospatial data for each of the field sites, including aspect, slope, elevation, gravimetric water content, and snow frequency. These data were used to model habitat suitability of biocrusts in the Fryxell Basin using both in-situ field survey data and geospatial parameters. They aid in our understanding of the ecology of biocrust communities, where they are located throughout the Fryxell basin, and the structure and functioning of these microhabitats as well as improving understanding of the regional carbon budget. These data also highlight the importance of snow patch-associated biocrust communities, which are understudied but likely an important piece of the overall carbon budget in this region.
Distribution models of microbial mats and mosses across Fryxell Basin, Taylor Valley, Antarctica (2018-2019)
Long-term ecological field surveys from the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program (MCM LTER) have documented the abundance and diversity of microbial mat types across ephemeral glacial meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. However, field surveys are limited and are incapable of being performed across the entirety of streams within a field season. Therefore, we used remote sensing to examine the distribution of these diverse communities across streams in order to determine whether large scale distribution patterns are similar to those the MCM LTER has already thoroughly studied in situ. As part of our 2018-2019 field campaign, we established two to three 20 x 20 m plots within five different streams (Bowles Creek, McKnight Creek, a relict channel, Canada Stream, and Crescent Stream) in the Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley. We performed point transect and quadrat field surveys of microbial mat and moss cover within each 20 x 20 m plot. We then used hyperspectral measurements of mat and moss collected in the field, previously archived in “Spectral and biological characteristics of microbial mats and mosses across Fryxell Basin, Taylor Valley, Antarctica (2018-2019),” in linear spectral mixing models to determine mat and moss coverage in the same 20 x 20 m plots within an atmospherically corrected WorldView-2 satellite image from Dec. 12, 2018. We ground truthed our modeled mat and moss abundances with our field survey coverages and determined the limitations of our methods. We then modeled mat and moss coverage across Huey Creek and Von Guerard Stream to apply our methods to streams without ground truthing measurements. Our results demonstrate the spatial distribution of moss and black, orange, red, and green microbial mat across Fryxell Basin streams. Observations of mat and moss coverage at the basin-wide scale are similar to those seen in localized stream areas.
Physical and chemical characteristics of stream-associated snow patches in Fryxell Basin, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica during the 2021-2022 austral summer
Snow patches within and adjacent to stream channels in the Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley, Antarctica were sampled during the 2021-2022 austral summer as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program. This data package includes snow pit measurements (snow temperature, depth, density, and water equivalent) as well as chemical characteristics of snow samples that were analyzed for nutrient, cation, and anion concentrations.
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Microbial mat biomass and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from Lake Fryxell Basin, Antarctica, January 2018
This package contains data collected from microbial mat surveys (i.e., percent cover, ash-free dry mass (AFDM), and pigment concentrations – chlorophyll-a, scytonemin, and carotenoids) associated with satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from the Lake Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley, located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare key microbial mat characteristics to NDVI. Data were collected at seven plot locations within the Canada Glacier Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) near Canada Stream, as well as alongside Green Creek and McKnight Creek. NDVI values were derived from a WorldView-2 multispectral satellite image taken of the Lake Fryxell Basin on January 19, 2018, while biological ground surveying and sampling were conducted during the 2nd and 4th weeks of January 2018.
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