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Figure 3 in Fucus vesiculosus adapted to a life in the Baltic Sea: impacts on recruitment, growth, re-establishment and restoration

Figure 3: Boxplot showing number of Fucus vesiculosus juveniles per dm2 surviving from mid-July to early November, 1994 in Askö. Treatments in (A) "Manipulated Fucus" without understorey (diagonal stripes) and "Natural Fucus (control)" with understorey (white) and (B) "Cladophora-covered substratum" (chequered) and "Cleaned substratum" cleared from both Fucus and understorey vegetation (vertical stripes). Note major difference in scales for y-axes in each panel. n = 6 for all treatments. *indicates significant difference in density of juveniles between two treatments at one date (p <0.05). One-way ANOVA of treatments at each date showed a higher number of juveniles in treatments containing Fucus (i.e. Figure 3A) on all dates compared to treatments without Fucus (i.e. Figure 3B; p <0.001).

Figure 1 in Fucus vesiculosus adapted to a life in the Baltic Sea: impacts on recruitment, growth, re-establishment and restoration

Figure 1: Maps showing areas and sites for field experiments presented in this paper. (A) Map of the Baltic Sea showing areas 1–5. (B) Area 1 with Sites A–G outside Trosa town (black) and Area 2 with control Site H near Askö laboratory on Askö island. (C) Area 5 with Sites I–J in Gdansk Bay.

Figure 2 in Fucus vesiculosus adapted to a life in the Baltic Sea: impacts on recruitment, growth, re-establishment and restoration

Figure 2: Fucus vesiculosus increase in size over time during 4 years. Fucus vesiculosus: volume (calculated as a cone from thallus height and circumference) plotted against biomass (g dry weight) with linear regression for (A) 1-year-old, (B) 2-year-old, (C) 3-year-old and (D) 4-year-old thalli grown in the field at Askö during 1991–1994.

Figure 5 in Fucus vesiculosus adapted to a life in the Baltic Sea: impacts on recruitment, growth, re-establishment and restoration

Figure 5: Boxplot showing germination (%) of Fucus vesiculosus zygotes after 7 days of exposure under laboratory conditions to exudates from Cladophora glomerata, Ulva intestinalis, Pylaiella littoralis, Ceramium tenuicorne and Hildenbrandia rubra. All treatments differed (p <0.001) from the control (one way ANOVA). n = 6 for all treatments.

Figure 4 in Fucus vesiculosus adapted to a life in the Baltic Sea: impacts on recruitment, growth, re-establishment and restoration

Figure 4: Boxplot showing number of Fucus vesiculosus juveniles per dm2 on five different types of substratum. (A) Askö, after 5 months, n = 10 except ceramic tile (n = 7) and Hildenbrandia treatment (n = 9). (B) Räfsnäs after 4 months, sample size n = 6. Note major difference in scales for y-axes in each panel. Letters (A–E) above bars show groups that differ significantly (at p = 0.05) within each site according to Tukey HSD post hoc test.

publicFeb 2025View details →

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Population genomic and morphological datasets from: An evolutionary mosaic challenges traditional monitoring of a foundation species in a coastal environment - the Baltic Fucus vesiculosus

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Identification and selection of optimal reference genes for qPCR-based gene expression analysis in Fucus distichus under various abiotic stresses

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publicAug 2021View details →

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Data from: Variation in thermal stress response in two populations of the brown seaweed, Fucus distichus, from the Arctic and subarctic intertidal

It is unclear whether intertidal organisms are 'preadapted' to cope with the increase of temperature and temperature variability or if they are currently at their thermal tolerance limits. To address the dichotomy, we focused on an important ecosystem engineer of the Arctic intertidal rocky shores, the seaweed Fucus distichus and investigated thermal stress responses of two populations from different temperature regimes (Svalbard and Kirkenes, Norway). Thermal stress responses at 20°C, 24°C and 28°C were assessed by measuring photosynthetic performance and expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes (shsp, hsp90 and hsp70). We detected population-specific responses between the two populations of F. distichus, as the Svalbard population revealed a smaller decrease in photosynthesis performance but a greater activation of molecular defence mechanisms (indicated by a wider repertoire of HSP genes and their stronger upregulation) compared with the Kirkenes population. Although the temperatures used in our study exceed temperatures encountered by F. distichus at the study sites, we believe response to these temperatures may serve as a proxy for the species' potential to respond to climate-related stresses.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

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Data from: Divergence within and among seaweed siblings (Fucus vesiculosus and F. radicans) in the Baltic Sea

Closely related taxa provide significant case studies for understanding evolution of new species but may simultaneously challenge species identification and definition. In the Baltic Sea, two dominant and perennial brown algae share a very recent ancestry. Fucus vesiculosus invaded this recently formed postglacial sea 8000 years ago and shortly thereafter Fucus radicans diverged from this lineage as an endemic species. In the Baltic Sea both species reproduce sexually but also recruit fully fertile new individuals by asexual fragmentation. Earlier studies have shown local differences in morphology and genetics between the two taxa in the northern and western Bothnian Sea, and around the island of Saaremaa in Estonia, but geographic patterns seem in conflict with a single origin of F. radicans. To investigate the relationship between northern and Estonian distributions, we analysed the genetic variation using 9 microsatellite loci in populations from eastern Bothnian Sea, Archipelago Sea and the Gulf of Finland. These populations are located in between earlier studied populations. However, instead of bridging the disparate genetic gap between N-W Bothnian Sea and Estonia, as expected from a simple isolation-by-distance model, the new populations substantially increased overall genetic diversity and showed to be strongly divergent from the two earlier analysed regions, showing signs of additional distinct populations. Contrasting earlier findings of increased asexual recruitment in low salinity in the Bothnian Sea, we found high levels of sexual reproduction in some of the Gulf of Finland populations that inhabit extremely low salinity. The new data generated in this study supports the earlier conclusion of two reproductively isolated but very closely related species. However, the new results also add considerable genetic and morphological complexity within species. This makes species separation at geographic scales more demanding and suggests a need for more comprehensive approaches to further disentangle the intriguing relationship and history of the Baltic Sea fucoids.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

opennotspecifiedAug 2018View details →

Figure 1 in Interactive effects of temperature and light on reattachment success in the brown alga Fucus radicans

Figure 1: A schematic description of the experimental setting. The experiment consisted of four such units equipped with a heater, a cooler and a water pump. Each jar (cylinder) represents a pseudoreplicate (n = 8) for a true replicate (n = 3). A tile with four fragments was placed in each jar (the small embedded figure).

opennotspecifiedAug 2018View details →

Figure 2 in Interactive effects of temperature and light on reattachment success in the brown alga Fucus radicans

Figure 2: Fucus radicans. Percentage (±standard error) of re-attached fragments after 7 weeks cultivation in four different treatment combinations. The x-axis indicates the temperature treatment (4°C or 14°C) while the gray and white bars indicate the low (ca. 33 µmol m−2 s−1, 6 h:18 h light:dark regime) and high light level (ca. 100 µmol m−2 s−1, 16 h:8 h light:dark regime) treatments, respectively. n = 3 (with eight pseudoreplicates each) for each treatment combination.

Figure 6 in Development and function of plasmodesmata in zygotes of Fucus distichus

Figure 6: Microinjection of fluorescent tracers into sporophytes of Fucus distichus 10 days after fertilization. (A, C, E) Differential interference contrast microscope images of injected sporophytes. Arrows show the injected cells (B, D, F). Fluorescence microscope images of same sporophytes as in (A), (C), and (E). (A, B) Sporophyte injected with 3 kDa FITC-dextran. (C, D) Sporophyte injected with 10 kDa FITCdextran. (E, F) Sporophyte injected with 40 kDa FITC-dextran. Scale bar=100 µm.

Figure 2 in Development and function of plasmodesmata in zygotes of Fucus distichus

Figure 2: Germling of Fucus distichus 3 days after fertilization. (A) Overview of thallus and part of rhizoid. Arrow indicates the first division plane, and double arrows the border between thallus and rhizoid. (B) First cell division plane. Arrows indicate plasmodesmata. (C) Border between thallus and rhizoid. (D) Septum cell wall in the rhizoid tip. Scale bars=10 µm (A), 200 nm (B–D).

Figure 1 in Development and function of plasmodesmata in zygotes of Fucus distichus

Figure 1: The first cell division of a zygote of Fucus distichus. (A) Whole zygote. Arrow indicates the first division plane. (B) First cell division plane. Scale bars= 10 µm (A), 1 µm (B).

Figure 5 in Development and function of plasmodesmata in zygotes of Fucus distichus

Figure 5: Mature sporophyte of Fucus distichus from the field. (A) Medulla layer. Large vacuoles occupy centers of cells, and other organelles are appressed to the edge. Rectangle indicates area with pit field. (B) Cortex and meristoderm layers. Cells in the cortex contain vacuoles with different contents. (C) Pit field in wall between cortex cells (indicated by rectangle). (D–G) Consecutive serial sections of pit field shown in (C). Ovals in (D) and (F) indicate branched plasmodesmata. (H) Branched plasmodesmata from (D). (I) Branched plasmodesmata from (F). Scale bars=5 µm (A), 10 µm (B), 2 µm (C), 200 nm (D–G), 500 nm (H, I).

Figure 4 in Development and function of plasmodesmata in zygotes of Fucus distichus

Figure 4: Sporophyte of Fucus distichus 10 days after fertilization. (A) Overview of thallus. Beginning of differentiation of cell layers can be seen. (B) Outer and inner cell layers. N, nucleus. Rectangle indicates area of wall with pit field. (C) Enlarged image of pit field in cross wall between cells of outer layer (rectangle in B). (D) Pit fields in cell wall between outer and inner cell layers. (E) Pit field divided in two by an orthogonal cell wall. Scale bars=10 µm (A), 2 µm (B), 200 nm (C), 1 µm (D), 500 nm (E).

Figure 3 in Development and function of plasmodesmata in zygotes of Fucus distichus

Figure 3: Germling of Fucus distichus 5 days after fertilization. (A) Part of thallus. Nuclei (N) are seen in the centers of cells. Arrow indicates first cell division plane. Rectangles indicate areas shown in (B–D). (B) Longitudinal section of plasmodesmata. Arrows show plasmodesmata. (C) Transverse section of plasmodesmata. (D) Magnified image of (C). Scale bars=10 µm (A), 200 nm (B), 2 µm (C), 500 nm (D).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Data on Fucus vesiculosus tip growth, seaweed branching, wave exposure and fragmentation level – a mesocosm experiment in 2022

Data on Fucus vesiculosus tip growth, seaweed branching, the wave exposure and fragmentation level in each basin, and the weeks of monitoring. Tip growth was measured as increases in tip length over the study (the linear regression slope value), branching as the change in number of apices recorded per seaweed individual during the experiment (June to September 2022).