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19 results for “Funariaceae”
Vindication of Physcomitrium pygmaeum (Funariaceae), an elusive and endangered moss from North America's Great Basin
<p><em>Physcomitrium</em> <em>pygmaeum</em> is an ephemeral moss described in 1871 from a single collection from Utah, currently considered conspecific with <em>Physcomitrium</em> <em>pyriforme</em>. The interpretation of the taxon has been problematic due to its rarity in the field, the elusiveness of the type material, and an extremely scattered and inconsistent collection record. Here we present a comprehensive description and assessment of the taxon following the identification of the original material and lectotype designation, the examination of all herbarium specimens existing to the best of our knowledge, the collection of fresh material in Nevada, and the molecular barcoding of the latter using four plastid and two nuclear loci. Available information, albeit scant, suggests that this member of the North American bryoflora should be considered critically endangered following IUCN criteria.</p>
Phylogenomics resolves the Himalayan endemic Brachymeniopsis gymnostoma (Bryophyta, Funariaceae), rediscovered after almost a century, as a species of Entosthodon
<p>Traits of the spore-bearing generation have historically provided the basis for systematic concepts across the phylogenetic spectrum and depth of mosses. Whether taxa characterized by a simple sporophytic architecture are closely related or emerged from independent reduction is often ambiguous. Phylogenomic inferences in the Funariaceae, which hold the model taxon <em>Physcomitrium</em> <em>patens</em>, revealed that several such shifts in sporophyte complexity occurred, mostly within the Entosthodon-Physcomitrium complex. Here, we report the rediscovery, nearly 100 years after its description, of the Chinese endemic and monospecific genus <em>Brachymeniopsis</em>, which is characterized by, among other traits, its short sporophytes lacking the sporangial peristome teeth controlling spore dispersal. Phylogenomic inferences reveal that its sole species, <em>B. gymnostoma</em> arose within the clade of <em>Entosthodon</em> sensu stricto, a genus with typically long-exerted capsules. We therefore propose to transfer <em>B. gymnostoma</em> to the genus <em>Entosthodon</em>, as <em>E. gymnostomus</em>. Furthermore, <em>Clavitheca poeltii</em>, the sole species of the genus, is morphologically highly similar to <em>E. gymnostomus</em>, and should also be transferred to <em>Entosthodon</em>, but is retained as a distinct taxon, <em>E. poeltii</em>, until additional populations allow for testing the robustness of the observed divergence in costa and seta length between the Nepalese and Chinese populations.</p>
Data from: Frequent allopolyploidy with distant progenitors in the moss genera Physcomitrium and Entosthodon (Funariaceae) identified via subgenome phasing of targeted nuclear genes
<p>Polyploids represent a new frontier in species discovery among embryophytes. Within mosses, polyploid discovery is challenged by low morphological complexity. The rapid expansion of sub-genome sequencing approaches in addition to computational approaches to identifying whole genome duplication using allelic variation among nuclear markers has allowed for increased polyploid discovery among mosses. We confirm the intergeneric hybrid nature of <em>E. hungaricus</em>, and the allopolyploid origin of <em>P. eurystomum </em>and of one population of <em>P. collenchymatum</em>. We also reveal that hybridization gave rise to <em>P. immersum, </em>as well as to yet unrecognized lineages sharing the phenotype of <em>P. pyriforme</em>,<em> P. sphaericum</em> and <em>P. collenchymatum. </em>Our findings and methods demonstrate the utility of a novel approach to allele phasing and subgenome assignment, called homologizer, when working with polyploid genomes, and its value in identifying progenitor species using target capture data.</p>
Data from: Frequent allopolyploidy with distant progenitors in the moss genera Physcomitrium and Entosthodon (Funariaceae) identified via subgenome phasing of targeted nuclear genes
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Vindication of Physcomitrium pygmaeum (Funariaceae), an elusive and endangered moss from North America’s Great Basin
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Phylogenomics resolves the Himalayan endemic Brachymeniopsis gymnostoma (Bryophyta, Funariaceae), rediscovered after almost a century, as a species of Entosthodon
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FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic treatment of the Funariaceae from Brazil
FIGURE 3. Physcomitrium subsphaericum (Paiva s.n. SP385998) A. Gametophyte and sporophyte. B–C. Leaves. D. Distal cells of the leaf. E. Exothecial cells of the capsule. Physcomitrium thieleanum (F. Sellow s.n. Type BM) F. Gametophyte and sporophyte. G–H. Leaves. I. Distal cells of the leaf. J. Exothecial cells of the capsule. Physcomitrium umbonatum (Peralta 11992 SP) K. Gametophyte and sporophyte. L–M. Leaves. N. Distal cells of the leaf. O. Exothecial cells of the capsule.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic treatment of the Funariaceae from Brazil
FIGURE 2. Funaria calvescens (Munhoz et al. 1791 SP) A. Gametophyte and sporophyte. B–C. Leaves. D. Peristome teeth. Funaria hygrometrica (Wasum s.n. SP372321) E. Gametophyte and sporophyte. F–G. Leaves. H. Peristome teeth. Physcomitrium capillipes (Ule 630-1432 Type R) I. Gametophyte and sporophyte. J–K. Leaves. L. Distal cells of the leaf. M. Exothecial cells of the capsule. G–L. Physcomitrium falcifolium (Ule 1531 Type H) N. Gametophyte and sporophyte. O–Q. Leaves. R. Distal cells of the leaf. S. Exothecial cells of the capsule.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic treatment of the Funariaceae from Brazil
FIGURE 1. Entosthodon bonplandii (Peralta 8437 SP): A. Gametophyte and sporophyte. B–C. Leaves. D. Distal cells of the leaf. E. Exothecial cells of the capsule. Entosthodon obtusifolius (Mathews 960): F. Gametophyte and sporophyte. G–H. Leaves. I. Distal cells of the leaf. J. Exothecial cells of the capsule Entosthodon puiggarii (Puiggari 236 Type W) K. Gametophyte and sporophyte: L–M. Leaves. N–O. Distal cells of the leaf. P. Exothecial cells of the capsule. Entosthodon ramulosus (Yano 9906) Q. Gametophyte and sporophyte. R–S. Leaves. T. Distal cells of the leaf. U. Exothecial cells of the capsule.
FIGURE 2. Entosthodon pocsii. 1 in Three new species of Entosthodon Schwägr. (Bryopsida, Funariaceae) from sub-Saharan Africa
FIGURE 2. Entosthodon pocsii. 1. Habit, dry (S. Iversen, E. Persson, B. Petterson & T. Pócs, 87145/D, BOL); 2–5. Leaves (2 ‒ as for 1; 3—5 ‒ S. Iversen, E. Persson, B. Petterson & T. Pócs, 87145/N, BOL); 6, 7. Leaf apex (6 ‒ as for 1; 7 ‒ as for 3); 8. Leaf cross-section (as for 3); 9. Capsule, dry (T. Pócs, D. Harrison & J.M. Mushy 90130/UV, (BOL, EGR); 10. Capsule mouth & peristome (as for 3); 11. Operculum (as for 1); 12. Spores (as for 1). Scale bars: A (2–5) = 500 μm; B (10) = 100 μm; C (1, 9) = 1 mm; D (8) = 100 μm; E (12) = 50 μm; F (11) = 100 μm; G (6, 7) = 100 μm.
FIGURE 1. Entosthodon heddersonii. 1 in Three new species of Entosthodon Schwägr. (Bryopsida, Funariaceae) from sub-Saharan Africa
FIGURE 1. Entosthodon heddersonii. 1. Habit, dry; 2–4. Leaves; 5. Leaf apex; 6. Leaf cross-section; 7. Capsule mouth & peristome (teeth missing in image); 8. Operculum; 9. Spores. All from Holotype. Scale bars: A (2–4) = 500 μm; B (5, 7) = 100 μm; C (1) = 1 mm; D (6) = 100 μm; E (9) = 50 μm; F (8) = 100 μm.
FIGURE 3. Entosthodon zygolimbatus. 1 in Three new species of Entosthodon Schwägr. (Bryopsida, Funariaceae) from sub-Saharan Africa
FIGURE 3. Entosthodon zygolimbatus. 1. Habit, dry; 2–4. Leaves; 5. Leaf apex; 6. Leaf cross-section; 7. Capsule mouth & peristome (teeth missing in image); 8. Spores. All from: T. Pócs, R. Ochyra & H. Bednarek‒Ochyra 88108/M, BOL. Scale bars: A (2–4) = 500 μm; B (5, 7) = 100 μm; C (1) = 1 mm; D (6) = 100 μm; E (8) = 50 μm.
FIGURE5 in Entosthodon elimbatus (Bryophyta, Funariaceae), a new species from the subalpine region in Yunnan and E. physcomitrioides new for mainland China
FIGURE5 Entosthodon physcomitrioides (Mont.) Mitt. A, dry plants with sporophytes. B, endostome and spores. C, leaf apex (M. Zang 31681, KUN).
FIGURE4 Entosthodon elimbatus W.Z in Entosthodon elimbatus (Bryophyta, Funariaceae), a new species from the subalpine region in Yunnan and E. physcomitrioides new for mainland China
FIGURE4 Entosthodon elimbatus W.Z. Ma, Shevock & S. He. A. Exothecial cells in upper capsule. B. Stomata in apophysis. C. Transverse section of exothecial cells at mid capsule. (all prepared from the holotype, W.Z. Ma & Shevock 13-5097, KUN).
FIGURE 2 Entosthodon elimbatus W.Z in Entosthodon elimbatus (Bryophyta, Funariaceae), a new species from the subalpine region in Yunnan and E. physcomitrioides new for mainland China
FIGURE 2 Entosthodon elimbatus W.Z. Ma, Shevock & S. He. A, dry plants with sporophytes. B–C, upper leaves. D–F, lower leaves. G, transverse section of a leaf. H, laminal cells in the leaf apex. I, laminal cells at leaf base (all prepared from the holotype, W.Z. Ma & Shevock 13-5097, KUN).
FIGURE 1 in Entosthodon elimbatus (Bryophyta, Funariaceae), a new species from the subalpine region in Yunnan and E. physcomitrioides new for mainland China
FIGURE 1 Maximum-parsimony phylogram based on the plastid rps4 gene. Bootstrap values (≥50%) are given above the branches. Accession numbers of rpss4 sequences obtained from GenBank and generated in the present study are following the species name.
FIGURE3 in Entosthodon elimbatus (Bryophyta, Funariaceae), a new species from the subalpine region in Yunnan and E. physcomitrioides new for mainland China
FIGURE3 SEM images of Entosthodon elimbatus W.Z. Ma, Shevock & S. He. A–B, spores under different magnifications. C, the verrucose papillae over the surface of spore. D, inner surface of an operculum with broken endostome. E, close-up on capsule mouth. F, external surface of an endostome segment. G, inner surface of an endostome (all prepared from the holotype, W.Z. Ma & Shevock 13-5097, KUN).
Data from: Phylogenomic delineation of Physcomitrium (Bryophyta: Funariaceae) based on targeted sequencing of nuclear exons and their flanking regions rejects the retention of Physcomitrella, Physcomitridium and Aphanorrhegma
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Data from: Evolutionary dynamism in bryophytes: phylogenomic inferences confirm rapid radiation in the moss family Funariaceae
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