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14 results for “Functional homogenization”
Data from: Temperature seasonality drives taxonomic and functional homogenization of tropical butterflies
<p>To understand the potential impact of climate change on butterfly assemblages across a tropical island, we used thousands of museum records of diurnal Lepidoptera to model current (1970–2000) and forecast future (2061–2080) species distributions and combined these to test for taxonomic and functional homogenization. We then quantified climatic-mediated effects on current and forecasted taxonomic and functional composition and, specifically, whether temperature was a primary driver, as predicted by the temperature-size rule and the thermal melanism hypotheses. Finally, we measured wing traits important in thermoregulation (size and color) and determined trait-mediated changes in forecasted species distributions over time. Our models projected an increase in taxonomic and functional richness over time, and a decrease in taxonomic and functional turnover – a signature of biotic homogenization. Under future climate scenarios, models projected a decrease in wing length and an increase in wing brightness at higher elevations. One variable, temperature seasonality, was the strongest predicted driver of both the current spatial distribution and the projected percent change over time for not only wing traits, but also taxonomic and functional richness and turnover. This dataset contains wing trait data for 62 butterfly species of Puerto Rico, included in the study, measured on digitized museum specimens. Generally, 10 individuals of each species were measured, allowing for measurements of inter- and intraspecific wing trait variation. Traits include: wing length and width, and color metrics: intensity, hue, saturation, and brightness. </p>
Root-centric β diversity reveals functional homogeneity while phylogenetic heterogeneity in a subtropical forest
<p>Root-centric studies have revealed fast taxonomic turnover across root neighborhoods, but how such turnover is accompanied by changes in species functions and phylogeny (i.e. β diversity), which can reflect the degree of community-wide biotic homogenization, remains largely unknown, hindering better inference of below-ground assembly rules, community structuring, and ecosystem processes. We collected 2480 root segments from 625 0–30 cm soil profiles in a subtropical forest in China. Root segments were identified into 143 species with DNA-barcoding with six root morphological and architectural traits measured per species. By using the mean pairwise (Dpw) and mean nearest neighbor distance (Dnn) to quantify species ecological differences, we tested the non-random functional and phylogenetic turnover of root neighborhoods that would lend more support to deterministic over stochastic community assembly processes, examined the distance-decay pattern of β diversity, and finally partitioned β diversity into geographical and environmental components to infer their potential drivers of environmental filtering, dispersal limitation, and biotic interactions. We found that functional turnover was often lower than expected given the taxonomic turnover, whereas phylogenetic turnover was often higher than expected. Both functional and phylogenetic Dpw (e.g. interfamily species) turnover exhibited a distance-decay pattern, likely reflecting limited dispersal or abiotic filtering that leads to the spatial aggregation of specific plant lineages. Conversely, phylogenetic Dnn (e.g. intrageneric species) exhibited an inverted distance-decay pattern, likely reflecting strong biotic interactions among spatially and phylogenetically close species leading to phylogenetic divergence. While the spatial distance was generally a better predictor of β diversity than environmental distance, the joint effect of environmental and spatial distance usually overrode their respective pure effects. These findings suggest that root neighborhood functional homogeneity may somewhat increase forest resilience after disturbance by exhibiting an insurance effect. Likewise, root neighborhood phylogenetic heterogeneity may enhance plant fitness by hindering the transmission of host-specific pathogens through root networks or by promoting interspecific niche complementarity not captured by species functions. Our study highlights the potential role of root-centric β diversity in mediating community structures and functions largely ignored in previous studies.</p>
Root-centric β diversity reveals functional homogeneity while phylogenetic heterogeneity in a subtropical forest
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Data from: Temperature seasonality drives taxonomic and functional homogenization of tropical butterflies
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Data from: Functional homogenization of flower visitor communities with urbanization
Land-use intensification and resulting habitat loss are put forward as the main causes of flower visitor decline. However, the impact of urbanization, the prime driver of land-use intensification in Europe, is poorly studied. In particular, our understanding of whether and how it affects the composition and functioning of flower visitor assemblages is scant, yet required to cope with increasing urbanization worldwide. Here, we use a nation-wide dataset of plant-flower visitor (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera) interactions sampled by citizen scientists following a standardized protocol to assess macroecological changes in richness and composition of flower visitor communities with urbanization. We measured the community composition by quantifying the relative occurrence of generalist and specialist flower visitors based on their specialisation on flowering plant families. We show that urbanization is associated with reduced flower visitor richness and a shift in community composition toward generalist insects, indicating a modification of the functional composition of communities. These results suggest that urbanization affects not only the richness of flower visitor assemblages but may also cause their large-scale functional homogenization. Future research should focus on designing measures to reconcile urban development with flower visitor conservation.
Dataset for the manuscript "Homogeneous microenvironmental conditions under nurses promote facilitation". FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
<p>The following directory contains the data necessary to replicate the results obtained in the manuscript entitled '<strong>Homogeneous Microenvironmental Conditions Under Nurses Promote Facilitation</strong>'</p><p>We provided two spreadsheets: 'BD_beneficiaries.xlsx' and 'BD_nurses.xlsx.'</p><p>'BDbeneficiaries.xlsx' contains the data needed to identify beneficiary/non-beneficiary species (sheet: network_<i>data) and the data of functional traits for the tested species (sheet: Beneficiary-Non</i>_beneficiary).</p><p>'BD<i>nurses.xlsx' contains the data needed to identify nurses/non-nurses species (sheet: network_data) and the data of environmental modification provided by nurse/non-nurse species (sheet: nurse-non</i>_nurse effects).</p><p>Both archives contain a metadata sheet describing the meaning of each variable.</p>
Taxonomic and functional homogenization of farmland birds along an urbanization gradient in a tropical megacity
<p>Urbanization is a major driver of land use change and biodiversity decline. While most of the ongoing and future urbanization hot spots are located in the Global South, the impact of urban expansion on agricultural biodiversity and associated functions and services in these regions has widely been neglected. Additionally, most studies assess biodiversity responses at local scale (α-diversity), however, ecosystem functioning is strongly determined by compositional and functional turnover of communities (β-diversity) at regional scales. We investigated taxonomic and functional β-diversity of farmland birds across three seasons on 36 vegetable farms spread along a continuous urbanization gradient in Bangalore, a South Indian megacity. Increasing amount of grey area in the farm surroundings was the dominant driver affecting β-diversity and resulting in taxonomic and functional homogenization of farmland bird communities. Functional diversity losses were higher than expected from species declines (i.e. urbanization acts as an environmental filter), with particular losses of functionally important groups such as insectivores of crop pests. Moreover, urbanization reduced functional redundancy of bird communities, which may further weaken ecosystems resilience to future perturbations. Our study underscores urbanization as a major driver of taxonomic and functional homogenization of species communities in agricultural systems, potentially threatening crucial ecosystem services for food production.</p>
Raw NMR for Selective and Quantitative Functionalization of Unprotected -Amino Acids Using a Recyclable Homogeneous Catalyst
<p>Raw NMR data for the article "Selective and Quantitative Functionalization of Unprotected -Amino Acids Using a Recyclable Homogeneous Catalyst"</p>
Boreal forest fertilization leads to functional homogenization of ground beetle assemblages
<p>1. Intensive fertilization of young spruce forest plantations (i.e. "nutrient optimization") has the potential to meet increasing demands for carbon sequestration and biomass production from boreal forests. However, its effects on biodiversity, other than the homogenization of ground-layer plant communities, are widely unknown.</p> <p>2. We sampled ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in young spruce forest plantations of southern Sweden, within a large-scale, replicated ecological experiment initiated in 2012, where half of forest stands were fertilized every second year. We assessed multi-scale effects of forest fertilization on ground beetle diversity and community assembly, four years after commencement of the experiment.</p> <p>3. We found that nutrient optimization had negative effects on ground beetle diversity at multiple spatial scales, despite having negligible effects on species richness. At the local scale, ground beetle species had lower variation in body size at fertilized sites, resulting in within-site functional homogenization. At the landscape scale, fertilized sites, with higher basal area and lower bilberry cover, filtered carabid traits composition to larger body sizes, generalist predators, and summer breeding species.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Fertilization of young spruce plantations is a strong filter for ground beetle assemblages, leading to functionally homogeneous communities in the short term, without changes in species richness. The large-scale functional impoverishment of carabid communities because of fertilization may have negative consequences on system resilience and on ecosystem service provision by this functionally diverse group. Large-scale establishment of nutrient optimization threatens ground beetle diversity in young conifer plantations, underlining the risks of introducing more intensive management schemes in already heavily managed forest landscapes.26-Feb-2021</p>
Taxonomic and functional homogenization of farmland birds along an urbanization gradient in a tropical megacity
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Data from: Functional homogenization of flower visitor communities with urbanization
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Boreal forest fertilization leads to functional homogenization of ground beetle assemblages
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The Cryptic impacts of invasion: functional homogenization of tropical ant communities by invasive fire ants
<p>The diversity and distribution of traits in an ecological community shapes its responses to change and the ecosystem processes it modulates. This 'functional diversity', however, is not necessarily a direct outcome of taxonomic diversity. Invasions by exotic insects occur in ecosystems worldwide, but there is limited understanding of how they impact functional diversity. We present the first comprehensive trait-based investigation of the impacts of an ant invasion, and the first incorporating intraspecific polymorphisms in species-level functional diversity. The fire ant <em>Solenopsis invicta</em> is an invasive species with a global distribution. Focusing on invaded and uninvaded plots in tropical grasslands of Hong Kong, we investigated how the presence of <em>S. invicta</em> affects the diversity and distribution of ant species and traits within and across communities, the functional identities of communities, and functionally unique species. Using trait probability density functions, we built trait spaces for 29 species, and scaled up these components to calculate functional diversity at community and landscape levels. We found that invasion had limited effects on species and functional richness but pronounced effects on functional composition. Specifically, invaded communities had fewer functionally-unique individuals, and were characterized by species with narrower heads and bodies and shorter mandibles. Moreover, invaded communities showed substantially higher levels of functional redundancy (+56%) due to a clustering of trait values. Consequently, across the landscape, invaded communities displayed 23% less functional turnover than uninvaded communities despite showing comparable levels of taxonomic turnover – a result confirming theoretical predictions of the effects of high local functional redundancy. In sum, the presence of <em>S. invicta</em> alters the functional properties of multiple local communities selectively, resulting in functional homogenization across the landscape. The disparities between taxonomic and functional impacts of invasion highlight the need to consider how trait diversity across ecological scales shapes biodiversity and its responses to change.</p>
The Cryptic impacts of invasion: functional homogenization of tropical ant communities by invasive fire ants
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.