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12 results for “Fungicide Resistance”
Plant community richness and foliar fungicides impact soil Streptomyces inhibition, resistance, and resource use phenotypes
Data associated with "Plant community richness and foliar fungicides impact soil Streptomyces inhibition, resistance, and resource use phenotypes" (DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1452534). These data include soil resource measurements and various phenotypic measurements of associated Streptomyces isolates/populations. Specifically, these data note population level inhibition phenotypes according to Herr's Assays, isolate level antibiotic resistance phenotypes against 9 standard antibiotics, and isolate level resource use phenotypes quantified with Biolog SF-P2 96 well plates.
I alternate therefore I generalize: how the intrinsic resistance risk of fungicides counterbalances their durability
<p>The evolution of resistance to pesticides is a major burden in agriculture. Resistance management involves maximizing selection pressure heterogeneity, particularly by combining active ingredients with different modes of action. We tested the hypothesis that alternation may delay the build-up of resistance not only by spreading selection pressure over longer periods, but also by decreasing the rate of evolution of resistance to alternated fungicides, by applying an experimental evolution approach to the economically important crop pathogen <i>Zymoseptoria tritici. </i>Our results show that alternation is either neutral or slows the evolution of resistance, relative to continuous fungicide use, but results in higher levels of generalism in evolved lines. We demonstrate that the relative risk of resistance intrinsic to fungicide alternation probably underlies a trade-off between the number of fungicides and the frequency of alternation. This trade-off is also dynamic over the course of resistance evolution. These findings open up new possibilities for tailoring resistance management effectively while optimizing interplay between alternation components.</p>
I alternate therefore I generalize: how the intrinsic resistance risk of fungicides counterbalances their durability
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Supplementary Data for: Whole genome sequencing elucidates the species-wide diversity and evolution of fungicide resistance in the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani
<p>Supplementary Data for: Whole genome sequencing elucidates the species-wide diversity and evolution of fungicide resistance in the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani</p> <p>This repository contains:</p> <p>SNP call data / VCF file</p> <p>Scripts for all processing steps from mapping up to PCA and phylogenetic analyses (script.ts)<br> Scripts for population genomic analyses with LEA and PopGenome (scripts.SE)<br> All script names are self explanatory.</p>
Data from: Soft selective sweeps in fungicide resistance evolution: recurrent mutations without fitness costs in grapevine downy mildew
Adaptation produces hard or soft selective sweeps depending on the supply of adaptive genetic polymorphism. The evolution of pesticide resistance in parasites is a striking example of rapid adaptation that can shed light on selection processes. Plasmopara viticola, which causes grapevine downy mildew, forms large populations, in which resistance has rapidly evolved due to excessive fungicide use. We investigated the pathways by which fungicide resistance has evolved in this plant pathogen, to determine whether hard or soft selective sweeps were involved. An analysis of nucleotide polymorphism in 108 field isolates from the Bordeaux region revealed recurrent mutations of cytb and CesA3 conferring resistance to quinone outside inhibiting (QoI) and carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides, respectively. Higher levels of genetic differentiation were observed for nucleotide positions involved in resistance than for neutral microsatellites, consistent with local adaptation of the pathogen to fungicide treatments. No hitchhiking was found between selected sites and neighbouring polymorphisms in cytb and CesA3, confirming multiple origins of resistance alleles. We assessed resistance costs, by evaluating the fitness of the 108 isolates through measurements of multiple quantitative pathogenicity traits under controlled conditions. No significant differences were found between sensitive and resistant isolates, suggesting that fitness costs may be absent or negligible. Our results indicate that the rapid evolution of fungicide resistance in P. viticola has involved a soft sweep.
Plant diversity ameliorates the evolutionary development of fungicide resistance in an agricultural ecosystem
<p>1. Evolution of fungicide resistance in agricultural and natural ecosystems is associated with the biology of pathogens, the chemical property and a<span class="fontstyle01"><span>pplication strategies of the fungicides</span></span>. The influence of ecological factors such as host diversity on the evolution of fungicide resistance has been largely overlooked but is highly relevant to social and natural sustainability. In this study, we used an experimental evolution approach to understand how host population heterogeneity may affect the evolution of fungicide resistance in the associated pathogens.</p> <p>2. Potato populations with six levels of genetic heterogeneity were grown in the same field and naturally infected by <i>Phytophthora infestans.</i> Pathogen isolates (~1200) recovered from the field experiment were molecularly genotyped. Genetically distinct isolates were selected form each population and 142 isolates were assayed for their tolerance to two fungicides differing in the mode of action. Tolerance was determined by calculating the relative growth rate of the isolates in the presence and absence of fungicides and the effective concentration for 50% inhibition.</p> <p>3. The evolution of fungicide resistance in <i>P. infestans</i> was affected by the genetic variation of host populations. Higher potato diversification increased the sensitivity of <i>P. infestans</i> to both fungicides and reduced genetic variation of the pathogen available for the development of fungicide resistance. These mitigating effects are independent of biochemical properties of fungicides and are likely caused by host selection for pathogen strains differing in the ability of fungicide influxes, effluxes or detoxification rather than mutations in fungicide target genes.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: Increased fungicide sensitivity and diminished evolutionary potential of fungicide resistance associated with higher host diversification reduce the fungicide dose and application frequency needed to achieve the same extent of disease control, relaxing the selection pressure acting on the pathogen populations and retarding the evolution of fungicide resistance. Together with benefits documented in other studies, our results indicate that host diversification is an eco-friendly approach that not only ameliorate fungicide resistance but also help achieve social and ecological sustainability by balancing the interaction among food security, socioeconomic development and ecological resilience.</p>
Data from: Soft selective sweeps in fungicide resistance evolution: recurrent mutations without fitness costs in grapevine downy mildew
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Plant diversity ameliorates the evolutionary development of fungicide resistance in an agricultural ecosystem
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Data from: Evolution of cross-resistance to medical triazoles in Aspergillus fumigatus through selection pressure of environmental fungicides
Resistance to medical triazoles in Aspergillus fumigatus is an emerging problem for patients at risk of aspergillus diseases. There are currently two presumed routes for medical triazole-resistance selection: (i) through selection pressure of medical triazoles when treating patients and (ii) through selection pressure from non-medical sterol-biosynthesis-inhibiting (SI) triazole fungicides which are used in the environment. Previous studies have suggested that SI fungicides can induce cross-resistance to medical triazoles. Therefore, to assess the potential of selection of resistance to medical triazoles in the environment, we assessed cross-resistance to three medical triazoles in lineages of A. fumigatus from previous work where we applied an experimental evolution approach with one of five different SI fungicides to select for resistance. In our evolved lines we found widespread cross-resistance indicating that resistance to medical triazoles rapidly arises through selection pressure of SI fungicides. All evolved lineages showed similar evolutionary dynamics to SI fungicides and medical triazoles, which suggests that the mutations inducing resistance to both SI fungicides and medical triazoles are likely to be the same. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that a variety of mutations were putatively involved in the resistance mechanism, some of which are in known target genes.
Data from: Evolution of cross-resistance to medical triazoles in Aspergillus fumigatus through selection pressure of environmental fungicides
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Fungicide resistance RNA-seq on two isolates of Penicillium
GEO Series GSE145355. Penicillium expansum; Penicillium crustosum. 16 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Data from: Variable competitive effects of fungicide resistance in field experiments with a plant pathogenic fungus
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