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Data from: "Little evidence of inbreeding depression for birth mass, survival and growth in Antarctic fur seal pups"
<p>This data repository contains:</p> <ul> <li><span>"msats_growth_individuals.xlsx" - Microsatellite data (39 loci) of Antarctic fur seals<br></span></li> <li><span>"pup_growth_2017-2020.xlsx" - Birth weight and tagging weight data for pups collected in 2017-2020.<br></span></li> <li><span>"Rebeccas_Samples_Mendel_OriginalPedigree" - SNP array data (75k SNPs) in PLINK format for a subset of individuals<br></span></li> <li><span>"GrowthRM_BI1820_Day60.new.csv" - Repeated weight measures for a subset of individuals</span></li> </ul> <p><strong><br>Manuscript abstract</strong></p> <p><span>Inbreeding depression, the loss of offspring fitness due to consanguineous mating, is generally detrimental for individual performance and population viability.<span> </span>We therefore investigated inbreeding effects in a declining population of Antarctic fur seals (<em>Arctocephalus gazella</em>) at Bird Island, South Georgia.<span> </span>Here, localised warming has reduced the availability of the seal’s staple diet, Antarctic krill, leading to a temporal increase in the strength of selection against inbred offspring, which are increasingly failing to recruit into the adult breeding population.<span> </span>However, it remains unclear whether selection operates before or after nutritional independence at weaning.<span> </span>We therefore used microsatellite data from 885 pups and their mothers, and SNP array data from 98 mother-offspring pairs, to quantify the effects of individual and maternal inbreeding on three important neonatal fitness traits: birth mass, survival and growth.<span> </span>We did not find any clear or consistent effects of offspring or maternal inbreeding on any of these traits.<span> </span>This suggests that selection filters inbred individuals out of the population as juveniles during the time window between weaning and recruitment.<span> </span>Our study brings into focus a poorly understood life-history stage and emphasises the importance of understanding the ecology and threats facing juvenile pinnipeds.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Funding</span></strong></p> <p><span>This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) priority programme “Antarctic Research with Comparative Investigations in Arctic Ice Areas” SPP 1158 (project number 424119118) and the SFB TRR 212 (NC³) (Project Numbers 316099922 & 396774617). This work contributes to the Ecosystems project of the British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, and is part of the Polar Science for Planet Earth Programme.</span></p>
Data set for paper on Australian fur seal prey capture and foraging efficiency
<p>Data set for paper on Australian fur seal prey capture and foraging efficiency</p>
Fig. 6 in Prevalence Of Hookworms, Uncinaria Lucasi (Anсylostomatidae), In Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus Ursinus) On St. Paul Island, Alaska
Fig. 6. Prevalence of Uncinaria lucasi parasitic L3 observed in the blubber of subadult NFS males on St. Paul Island since 1963.
Fig. 5 in Prevalence Of Hookworms, Uncinaria Lucasi (Anсylostomatidae), In Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus Ursinus) On St. Paul Island, Alaska
Fig. 5. Prevalence of Uncinaria lucasi adult nematodes observed in dead NFS pups on St. Paul Island since 1955.
Fig. 3 in Prevalence Of Hookworms, Uncinaria Lucasi (Anсylostomatidae), In Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus Ursinus) On St. Paul Island, Alaska
Fig. 3. Parasitic third stage hookworm larvae (L3) from the blubber of a northern fur seal male: A — general view of entire L3; B — anterior part of L3, lateral view; C — anterior part of L3, dorsal view.
Fig. 2 in Prevalence Of Hookworms, Uncinaria Lucasi (Anсylostomatidae), In Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus Ursinus) On St. Paul Island, Alaska
Fig. 2. Life cycle of Uncinaria lucasi (drawing adapted after Olsen, 1962): L1, L2 and L3 — free-living larvae of 1st, 2nd and 3rd stages.
Fig. 1. Uncinaria lucasi adults from a in Prevalence Of Hookworms, Uncinaria Lucasi (Anсylostomatidae), In Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus Ursinus) On St. Paul Island, Alaska
Fig. 1. Uncinaria lucasi adults from a northern fur seal pup Callorhinus ursinus: A — anterior end, dorsal view; B — anterior end, lateral view; C — male tail; D — female tail.
Fig. 3 in The cestode community in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on St. Paul Island, Alaska
Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of cestodes from the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus). Scoleces of adults of Adenocephalus pacificus (A–D, F). Scoleces of adults of Diplogonoporus tetrapterus (I–P). Gonopores of D. tetrapterus (O). Unidentified plerocercoids (E, G, H, R).
Fig. 2 in The cestode community in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on St. Paul Island, Alaska
Fig. 2. Distribution of cestodes in the northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) (A) and between sub-populations inhabiting separate haul-outs (B) from St. Paul Island, Alaska.
Fig. 1 in The cestode community in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on St. Paul Island, Alaska
Fig. 1. Map showing the areas at which helminths of the northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) have been studied by previous authors (gray circles) and the present authors (black circle) in the Bering Sea. The detailed map of St. Paul Island, Alaska with sampling sites (rookeries) is enlarged.
Fig. 2 in First Satellite Tagging of the Northern Fur Seals () on the Tyuleniy Island, the Sea of Okhotsk.
Fig. 2. Autumn-winter transitions of NFS females #55015 (straight underlined font) and #55019 (Italic font). Pivot dates are the working datum closest to the beginning of each month (provided for clarity). The land contour for this map was obtained from Open Street (OpenStreet 2019) and the bathymetry was obtained from GEBCO Maps (GEBCO 2020).
Fig. 3 in First Satellite Tagging of the Northern Fur Seals () on the Tyuleniy Island, the Sea of Okhotsk.
Fig. 3. Autumn-spring transitions of the male NFS #55024. Notations as in figure 2. The land contour for this map was obtained from Open Street (OpenStreet 2019) and the bathymetry was obtained from GEBCO Maps (GEBCO 2020).
Fig. 1 in First Satellite Tagging of the Northern Fur Seals () on the Tyuleniy Island, the Sea of Okhotsk.
Fig. 1. Tagging of NFSs at Tyuleniy Island with SPOT-293A satellite tags. A, Capturing of NFS male into a hoop net (photoed by Sergeev AF). B, Satellite tag 55024 / 17U1712 fixed to the fur in the crown area of NFS male. C, NFS male with satellite tag attached to his head. D, Releasing of a tagged NFS female from hoop net (photoed B–D by Ryazanov SD).
Fig. 1 in The life history strategy of a fur seal hookworm in relation to pathogenicity and host health status
Fig. 1. Life cycle of Uncinaria sp. in South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis). Pups get infected through ingestion of colostrum that contains infective stage 3 larvae (L3s). Within 2-weeks, hookworms reach adulthood in the small intestine and shed eight-celled eggs in the pup's feces. Eggs larvate in the rookery soil and larvae develop into sheathed infective L3s which penetrate the skin and reach the subcutaneous tissues of all animals in the rookery. However, Uncinaria sp. larvae only have a chance to reach the next definitive host in females, which give birth and produce colostrum once a year, repeating the cycle. It is very likely that female pups can keep larvae in their tissues until they reach maturity and pass them to their pup (blue arrow). All males are dead end hosts. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 5 in The life history strategy of a fur seal hookworm in relation to pathogenicity and host health status
Fig. 5. South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) pups that suffer the worst consequences of hookworm (Uncinaria sp.) infection contribute to most of the egg shedding in the environment. Hookworm egg shedding represents the product of the median number of eggs per fecal smear and the number of days a pup was infected with hookworms (Burden * infectious period). (a) Anemic pups shed on average more hookworm eggs compared to nonanemic pups (GLM with negative binomial distribution, Anemic pups = 1.36 ± 0.23, Z = 5.92, P = 3.09 × 10 −9). (b) Fur seal pups that died due to hookworm disease shed on average more hookworm eggs when compared to pups that survived (GLM with negative binomial distribution, Pups died = 1.40 ± 0.22, Z = 6.16, P = 7.24 × 10 −10).
Fig. 4 in The life history strategy of a fur seal hookworm in relation to pathogenicity and host health status
Fig. 4. Anemia and mortality are driven by parasite burden. (a) Survival rates of pups with severe hookworm infection was 44.4%, compared to 90.6% survival of pups with mild hookworm infection and 93.4% survival of pups treated with the antiparasitic ivermectin (Log-rank Mantel-Cox test, Χ2 = 44.43, df = 2, P = 5.41 × 10−10). (b) Hemoglobin concentrations were markedly lower in the group with high parasitic burden (severe infection) (ANOVA, F = 31.47, df = 2, P = 2.12 × 10−12). Whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 2 in The life history strategy of a fur seal hookworm in relation to pathogenicity and host health status
Fig. 2. Hookworm prevalence, egg shedding and abundance of larvae in the soil are correlated with adult females and pup density. (a) Prevalence reach over 90% when pups are between 20 and 30 days old, then substantially decline and by 75 days-old on average, all pups have cleared hookworm infection. Numbers in parenthesis indicate sample size. Bars represent binomial confidence intervals (b) Mean fecal hookworm egg count follow a similar curve with the highest number of eggs being shed when the number of adult fur seal females in the rookery is still high, between December 30 and January 15th, when pups are on average 15 to 30 days-old. (c) The soil from areas of the rookery with higher pup density had larger numbers of hookworm larvae (GLM, X2 = 1303, df = 3, P = 2.2 × 10−16). Whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 3 in The life history strategy of a fur seal hookworm in relation to pathogenicity and host health status
Fig. 3. Correlations between hookworm burden, egg shedding and extraction of host resources. (a) Hookworm burden is highly correlated with egg shedding in pup's feces (third order polynomial regression, adj-r2 = 0.921, P = 2.2 × 10−16). (b) Hemoglobin concentration decreases as the number of hookworm eggs in pup's feces increase (second order polynomial regression, adj-r2 = 0.401, P = 2.09 × 10−14), suggesting that extraction of host resources depends on parasitic burden. (c) Female hookworms harbor similar number of eggs in their uterus regardless of parasitic burden (linear regression, adj- r2 = −0.03, F = 1.01, df = 36, P = 0.321), suggesting that there is no decline in egg output even at high hookworm densities. The solid lines represent the best fit model with 95% confidence intervals (dashed lines).
Fig. 5 in Subcutaneous merocercoids of Clistobothrium sp. in two Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus)
Fig. 5. Suggested life cycle of Phyllobothriidea and the potential way of infection in the present cases.
Fig. 2 in Subcutaneous merocercoids of Clistobothrium sp. in two Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus)
Fig. 2. Histological section of subcutaneous adipose tissue of a 25- year–old, female fur seal (case No. 1) containing metacestode tapeworms with associated inflammation (box). The parasitic structures are characterized by a tegument (arrow) and centrally a parenchymatous matrix (asterisks) is present (A, bar = 1000 μm). Within the parenchymatous matrix of the parasite, numerous calcareous corpuscles stained with the "von Kossa" –method are present (B, bar = 100 μm). The parasite is surrounded by an inflammatory reaction composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and neutrophils (C, bar = 100 μm). A, C = hematoxylin and eosin.
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