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4 results for “GAARlandia”
From Gondwana to GAARlandia: Evolutionary history and biogeography of ogre‐faced spiders (Deinopis)
Aim <p>We explore the evolutionary history of the ogre‐faced spiders (<i>Deinopis</i>) from their Early Cretaceous origins to present day. Specifically, we investigate how vicariance and dispersal have shaped distribution patterns of this lineage. Within the Caribbean, we test the role of GAARlandia, a hypothesized land bridge that connected South America to the Greater Antilles during the Eocene–Oligocene transition (~35–33 Ma), in the biogeography of <i>Deinopis</i>.</p> Taxon <p>Araneae: Deinopidae: <i>Deinopis</i>.</p> Location <p>Caribbean islands, with additional global exemplars.</p> Methods <p>Combining standard Sanger sequence data with an Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) phylogenomic dataset, we use Bayesian inference to estimate the phylogenetic relationships of <i>Deinopis</i>. "BioGeoBEARS" is used to test the GAARlandia hypothesis, and to pinpoint major dispersal events in the biogeographic history of <i>Deinopis</i>.</p> Results <p>The phylogeny supports the nesting of a Caribbean clade within a continental grade. Model comparisons indicate GAARlandia as the best fitting model, and the biogeographic analyses reflect the geologic history within the Caribbean. Ancient and recent overwater dispersal events are also indicated within this lineage. There is also an ancient 113 Ma split into Old and New World clades.</p> Main Conclusions <p>The <i>Deinopis</i> phylogeny corresponds well with geography. This is reflected in the support for the GAARlandia land bridge hypothesis and the phylogenetic relationships within and among Caribbean islands mirroring nuances of Caribbean geologic history. Overwater dispersal also plays an important role in the biogeographic history of this lineage as implicated in the colonization of the volcanic and sedimentary Lesser Antilles and in a "reverse" colonization of North America. The spider family Deinopidae is an ancient lineage with origins dating back to Gondwana. While overwater dispersal has clearly played a role in the biogeography of the genus, the <i>Deinopis</i> phylogeny bears a strong signature of ancient geological events.</p>
From Gondwana to GAARlandia: Evolutionary history and biogeography of ogre‐faced spiders (Deinopis)
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Data from: Historical biogeography of endemic seed plant genera in the Caribbean: did GAARlandia play a role?
The Caribbean archipelago is a region with an extremely complex geological history and an outstanding plant diversity with high levels of endemism. The aim of this study is to better understand the historical assembly and evolution of endemic seed plant genera in the Caribbean, by first determining divergence times of endemic genera to test whether the hypothesized Greater Antilles and Aves Ridge (GAARlandia) land bridge played a role in the archipelago colonization, and second by testing South America as the main colonization source as expected by the position of landmasses and recent evidence of an asymmetrical biotic interchange. We reconstructed a dated molecular phylogenetic tree for 625 seed plants including 32 Caribbean endemic genera using Bayesian inference and ten calibrations. To estimate the geographic range of the ancestors of endemic genera we performed a model selection between a null and 2 complex biogeographical models that included timeframes based on geological information, dispersal probabilities and directionality among regions. Crown ages for endemic genera ranged from Early Eocene (53.1 Ma) to Late Pliocene (3.4 Ma). Confidence intervals for divergence times (crown and/or stem ages) of 22 endemic genera occurred within the GAARlandia time frame. Contrary to expectations, the Antilles appears as the main ancestral area for endemic seed plant genera and only five genera had a South American origin. In contrast with patterns shown for vertebrates and other organisms and based on our sampling we conclude that GAARlandia did not act as a colonization route for plants between South America and the Antilles. Further studies on Caribbean plant dispersal at the species and population levels will be required to reveal finer-scale biogeographic patterns and mechanisms.
Data from: Historical biogeography of endemic seed plant genera in the Caribbean: did GAARlandia play a role?
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