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Figure 4 in Histological study of the oral teeth and their bony support in the Mexican Jurassic gar †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus (Ginglymodii, Lepisosteidae)

Figure 4. – †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus. A-B: IGM 4902-5. Cross-section (respectively natural and polarized transmitted light) of a small tooth. We can show a crown of dentine (de), with an external crenulated layer of enameloid (arrow-heads). The pulp cavity (pc) is empty and its wall is regular. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Figure 2 in Histological study of the oral teeth and their bony support in the Mexican Jurassic gar †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus (Ginglymodii, Lepisosteidae)

Figure 2. – †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus: External view of the sample used for the paleohistological study (IGM 4902). (see Material and Methods chapter for explanations). Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figure 1 in Histological study of the oral teeth and their bony support in the Mexican Jurassic gar †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus (Ginglymodii, Lepisosteidae)

Figure 1. – †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus: External view of the fossil sample (IGM 4901) showing four caniniform teeth with their apical cap of acrodine (arrows). Two small teeth are seen between the fangs (arrowheads). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 7 in Histological study of the oral teeth and their bony support in the Mexican Jurassic gar †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus (Ginglymodii, Lepisosteidae)

Figure 7. – Comparison of the pulp cavity of the fang teeth in four Lepisosteoidei. Cross sections are made in the mid part of the teeth. A: †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus (specimen IGM 4902; see Brito et al., 2017). B: †Atractosteus sp.* from the Santonian of Hungary (specimen VER 2014.91.3). C: Atractosteus tropicus. D: Lepisosteus platostomus (See fig. 3C in Meunier and Brito, 2017) The pulp cavity is completely invaded by the dentigerous tissue in †N. mexicanus and in the Santonian †Atractosteus whereas the dentine plies let at least the central mid part in the two extant species. The tooth of †Atractosteus sp. has eusthenodont plicidentine whereas teeth of Atractosteus tropicus and Lepisosteus platostomus have polyplocodont plicidentine. Abbreviations: de: dentine; en: collar enamel; er: external ridges; pc: pulp cavity; rd: radial folding of the dentine; vs: vascular space; arrowheads: dentine folds. Scale bars: A, D = 250 μm; B = 500 μm; C = 150 μm * The photo of the ground section was given to us by Dr. Marton Szabó, Department of Paleontology and Geology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika têr 2, Budapest 1083, Hungary.

Figure 6 in Histological study of the oral teeth and their bony support in the Mexican Jurassic gar †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus (Ginglymodii, Lepisosteidae)

Figure 6. – †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus: Histological organization of the teeth supporting bone. A: Detail of the basal contact of a tooth (pc) and its supporting bone (bo) with vascular canals or cavities (vc). The white arrows point to osteons. B: Detail of the dentigerous plate showing lamellar bone and numerous cementing lines (black arrow-heads) that characterized an intensive remodeling of bone tissue below the tooth. We also show canalicles of Williamson (arrows). The asterisks point to secondary osteons. C-D: Detail of the secondary osteon (**) of Fig. 6B (respectively natural and polarized transmitted light). The secondary bone of the osteons is lamellar bone (black asterisks). The arrow-heads point to cementing line. We also show canalicles of Williamson (black arrows). E: Detail of the secondary osteon (*) of Fig. 6B showing canaliculi of Williamson (black arrows) and osteocytes (black arrowheads). A: IGM 4902-4; B, C, D, E: IGM 4902- 5. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B = 100 μm; C, D = 50 μm; E = 25 μm.

Figure 5 in Histological study of the oral teeth and their bony support in the Mexican Jurassic gar †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus (Ginglymodii, Lepisosteidae)

Figure 5. – †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus: A: Pharyngeal dentigerous plate. We can see cross (white and black arrow-heads) and axial (white and black arrows) sections of minute teeth. We can also see a section of a scale (sc) (bo = bony tissue). B: Axial section of a pharyngeal tooth (white arrow) and its supporting bony plate (bp). A: IGM 4902-4; B: IGM 4902-5. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B = 100 μm.

Fig. 5 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 5. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168, ethanol-preserved specimen. A, Habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view. This specimen was collected on 17 July 1992 and photographed on 2 October 2022. Scale bar: 3 mm.

Fig. 4 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 4. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168. A, First leg, dorsal view; B, distal part of endopod of first leg, dorsal view; C, second leg, dorsal view; D, third leg, dorsal view; E, fourth leg, dorsal view. Ventral rows of plumose setae on rami of third and fourth legs not shown (D, E). Scale bars: A, C–E, 0.5 mm; B, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 1. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168. A, Habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view. Part of the ventral surface of the thorax was damaged and eggs were seen (Fig. 1B). Scale bar: 3 mm.

Fig. 3 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 3. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168. A, First antenna (a1), second antenna (a2), and postantennal spine (pas), ventral view; B, third and apical segments of first antenna, ventral view; C, third, fourth, and apical segments of second antenna, ventral view; D, swelling bearing six naked setae on posterior margin of first segment of second antenna, ventral view; E, preoral sheath and stylet, ventral view; F, mouth tube, ventral view; G, two anterior supporting rods and marginal projections from rim of first maxilla sucker, ventral view; H, second maxilla and spinules (circled) on second and third segments, ventral view. Scale bars: A, F, H, 0.2 mm; B–E, G, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 2 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 2. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168. A, Frontal region of carapace, ventral view; B, posterior region of body, ventral view; C, respiratory areas, ventral view; D, spermathecal spines, ventral view; E, caudal ramus, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B, 0.5 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E, 0.1 mm.

Figure 3 in Histological study of the oral teeth and their bony support in the Mexican Jurassic gar †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus (Ginglymodii, Lepisosteidae)

Figure 3. – †Nhanulepisosteus mexicanus: Histological organization of the fangs (natural transmitted light). A: Axial section of a tooth. The pulp cavity (pc) is totally occupied by axial trabeculae of dentine (de) alternating with pulp spaces. The tooth is fixed on a basement of reconstructed bone (bo). vc = vascular cavities. B-D: Three cross-sections of different levels of a tooth. B: The section is localized at the tooth base; it shows a ridged crown of orthodentine surrounded by a thin layer of enameloid (en). The pulp cavity is occupied by vascularized dentine. On the bottom of the fig, the bone of attachment (bo). C: The section crosses the mid part of the pulp cavity. The tooth is constituted of a crown of orthodentine (de) surrounded by a layer of enamel (en) showing external crests. The pulp cavity is totally occupied by vascularized dentine. D: The section is in the higher part of the pulp cavity. The tooth is constituted of a crown of orthodentine (de) surrounded by the crenulated enamel (en). We can see the pulp cavity which is reduced. E: Cross-section in the mid part of the tooth. Details of the dentine showing the peripheral orthodentine layer (white asterisks), with its ondontoblastic canalicles and the vascular canals fit together. Each canal is surrounded by orthodentine (black arrow-head). The enameloid layer is crenulated (white arrow-heads). A: IGM 4902-5; B: IGM 4902-3; C,E: IGM 4902-2; D: IGM 4902-1. Scale bars: A, B, C = 200 μm; D = 100 μm; E = 50 μm.

Fig. 5 in Unappreciated Cenozoic ecomorphological diversification of stem gars revealed by a new large species

Fig. 5. Phylogeny and biogeography of Cuneatus maximus sp. nov. A. Strict consensus phylogeny generated from parsimony analysis of the 105 character, 32 taxon matrix (Grande 2010; Brito et al. 2017) in TNT v. 1.5 (Goloboff and Catalano 2016). B. Occurrences of Cuneatus maximus sp. nov. and the other two named cuneatins. Grey labels denote collapsed clades that include additional species (see the Appendix 2)

Fig. 3 in Unappreciated Cenozoic ecomorphological diversification of stem gars revealed by a new large species

Fig. 3. Palatal and mandibular anatomy of the cuneatin fish Cuneatus maximus sp. nov. (YPM VPPU.018063), from Upper Paleocene to lower Eocene Willwood Formation of Wyoming, USA; ventral view (A1), detail of the anterior palate (A2), toothed ectopterygoid (A3).

Fig. 2 in Unappreciated Cenozoic ecomorphological diversification of stem gars revealed by a new large species

Fig. 2. Cranial anatomy of the skull of the cuneatin fish Cuneatus maximus sp. nov. (YPM VPPU.018063), from Upper Paleocene to lower Eocene Willwood Formation of Wyoming, USA; dorsal view (A1), detail of the dermal skull roof ornamentation (A2), left (A3) and right (A4) lateral views, detail of the anterior rostrum and dentition in left lateral view (A5), anterior view (A6).

Fig. 1 in Unappreciated Cenozoic ecomorphological diversification of stem gars revealed by a new large species

Fig. 1. Holotype of the cuneatin fish Cuneatus maximus sp. nov. (YPM VPPU.018063), from Upper Paleocene to lower Eocene Willwood Formation of Wyoming, USA; dorsal (A1) and ventral (A2) views. Note the ganoid scales characteristic of lepisosteiform fishes and relatives.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2016View details →

Figure 10. Maximum likelihood tree estimated using Garli 2.0 with 5 in Systematics and Phylogeny of the Australian Cicada Genus Pauropsalta Goding and Froggatt, 1904 and Allied Genera (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini)

Figure 10. Maximum likelihood tree estimated using Garli 2.0 with 5 loci (1 mtDNA and 4 nDNA). Branch support values are bootstrap percentages from 100 non parametric bootstrap replicates. Bootstrap support values ≥ 70 are shown. Molecular voucher numbers are adjacent to species names.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2017View details →

Figure 3. – Lepisosteus platostomus. Left jaw. A in Histological characteristics of lower jaw bones and oral teeth of the short nose gar, Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque, 1820 (Lepisosteidae)

Figure 3. – Lepisosteus platostomus. Left jaw. A: Axial section of a caniniform tooth showing the apical cap of acrodin (ac) above the dentine cone (de), the collar enamel (en) that covers the tooth shaft, the dentine folds in the pulp cavity (pc), and the coronoid bone (cb). Scale bar = 500 μm. B: Detail of the apex of the tooth showing the odontoblastic canaliculi (arrow). Scale bar = 20 μm. C: Transverse section of a caniniform tooth showing the external ridges (arrows) and the dentine folds (arrowheads) in the pulp cavity (pc). The dentine is overlain by a thin collar enamel (en) covering the tooth shaft and participating in the folds. Scale bar = 100 μm. D: The section crosses through three small lingual teeth that show minute folds in their pulp cavity. A caniniform tooth can be seen at the bottom left. Scale bar = 50 μm.