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9 results for “Gamete evolution”
An ulvophycean marine green alga produces large parthenogenetic isogametes as predicted by the gamete dynamics model for the evolution of anisogamy
<p>In eukaryotes, the gamete size difference between the two sexes (anisogamy) evolved from gametes of equal size in both mating types (isogamy) and is plausibly claimed to generate sexual selection in morphology and behaviour. The gamete dynamics (GD) model for anisogamy evolution combines gamete limitation and competition and predicts that, if gametes of both mating types can develop parthenogenetically (i.e. without fusing with the opposite mating type), large isogamy can evolve under gamete-limited conditions. Ulvophycean marine green algae that exhibit various gametic systems from isogamy to anisogamy are important models for testing such theories. However, in most previous papers, whether a species is isogamous or anisogamous has not been examined statistically, which leaves the above theoretical prediction untested. We reveal (i) that the gametic system of <em>Struvea okamurae</em> is large isogamy using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), which accounted for the variation of gamete size among individual gametophytes, and (ii) that gametes of this alga can actually develop parthenogenetically, contrary to a previous report. Habitat environments and gametic behaviour suggest that this alga might experience gamete-limited conditions. <em>S. okamurae</em> seems to produce large parthenogenetic isogametes following GD model predictions, as an adaptation to deep waters.</p>
Data from: The evolution of gametic compatibility and compatibility groups in the sea urchin Mesocentrotus franciscanus: an avenue for speciation in the sea
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Data from: Do sperm really compete and do eggs ever have a choice? Adult distribution and gamete mixing influence sexual selection, sexual conflict, and the evolution of gamete recognition proteins in the sea
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An ulvophycean marine green alga produces large parthenogenetic isogametes as predicted by the gamete dynamics model for the evolution of anisogamy
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Data from: Contemporary evolution of sea urchin gamete-recognition proteins: experimental evidence of density-dependent gamete performance predicts shifts in allele frequencies over time
Species whose reproductive strategies evolved at one density regime might be poorly adapted to other regimes. Field and laboratory experiments on the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus examined the influences of the two most common sperm bindin alleles, which differ at two amino acid sites, on fertilization success. In the field experiment, the Arginine/Glycine (RG) genotype performed best at low densities and the Glycine/Arginine (GR) genotype at high densities. In the lab experiment, the RG genotype had a higher affinity with available eggs, whereas the GR genotype was less likely to induce polyspermy. These sea urchins can reach 200 years of age. The RG allele dominates in old sea urchins, whereas younger sea urchins have near equal RG and GR allele frequencies. A latitudinal cline in RG and GR genotypes is consistent with longer survival of sea urchins in the north and with predominance of RG genotypes in older individuals. The oldest sea urchins were likely conceived at low densities, before sea-urchin predators, like sea otters, were overharvested and sea urchin densities exploded off the west coast. Contemporary evolution of gamete-recognition proteins might allow species to adapt to shifts in abundances and reduces the risk of reproductive failure in altered populations.
Data from: Contemporary evolution of sea urchin gamete-recognition proteins: experimental evidence of density-dependent gamete performance predicts shifts in allele frequencies over time
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Data from: Positive size-speed relationships in gametes and vegetative cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; implications for the evolution of sperm.
It is commonly held that differences in gametes of the two sexes (anisogamy) evolved from ancestors whose gametes were similar in size and behaviour (isogamy). Underlying many hypotheses explaining anisogamy are assumed relationships between cell size and speed in the ancestral isogamous population. Using the isogamous alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we explored size-speed distributions in vegetative and gamete cells of ten cell lines, and clonal data from within two cell lines. We applied an independent speed selection approach to gamete populations of C. reinhardtii, monitoring correlated responses in size following selection for high speed. We demonstrate positive size-speed relationships in clones, cell lines and artificially selected speed selection lines. We found different size-speed relationships in the two cell types of C. reinhardtii even though they overlap in size, suggesting that cell composition and/or programs of gene expression are capable of altering this relationship, and that the relationship is evolvable. The positive genetic size-speed correlation means that the division of parent vegetative cells into numerous gametes trades off against not only size but also speed, a trade-off that has not received previous attention. Our results support re-evaluating the role of speed selection in the evolution of anisogamy.
Data from: Positive size-speed relationships in gametes and vegetative cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; implications for the evolution of sperm.
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Meiotic cohesin Rec8 imposes fitness costs on fission yeast gametes to drive evolution of parental bias in gene expression
GEO Series GSE293837. Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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