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56 results for “Gasterosteus aculeatus”
A distinct neurogenomic response to a tradeoff between social challenge and opportunity in male sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
<p>Animals frequently make adaptive decisions about what to prioritize when they are faced with multiple, conflicting demands at the same time. However, the proximate mechanisms of decision-making in the face of competing demands are not well understood. We explored this question using brain transcriptomics in a classic model system: threespined sticklebacks, where males face conflict between courtship and territorial defense. The outcome of decisions made by breeding males over whether to court mates or defend against territory intrusion are profoundly important to fitness. We characterized the behavior and brain gene expression profiles of males confronted by a tradeoff between courtship and territorial defense by comparing them to males not confronted by this tradeoff. When faced with the tradeoff, males behaviorally prioritized defense over courtship, and this decision was reflected in their brain gene expression profiles. A distinct set of genes and biological processes was recruited in the brain when males faced a tradeoff and these responses were largely non-overlapping across two brain regions. Combined, these results raise new questions about the interplay between the neural and molecular mechanisms involved in decision-making.</p>
Fig. 14. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A in Rhabdochona angusticaudata sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, and new records of some other nematodes from inland fishes in Japan
Fig. 14. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A – posterior end of male, ventral view; B – tail of male, subventral view (arrows indicate postanal papillae); C – precloacal region, subventral view (arrows indicate preanal papillae; note weakly-developed ventral precloacal ridges); D – posterior end of male, sublateral view (arrows indicate two posteriormost pairs of postanal papillae; note ventral precloacal ridges); E – broken female body with eggs; F – egg with filaments on both poles; G – egg with filaments only on one pole.
Fig. 13. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A–C in Rhabdochona angusticaudata sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, and new records of some other nematodes from inland fishes in Japan
Fig. 13. Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 from Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, scanning electron micrographs. A–C – cephalic end of female, lateral, apical and dorsoventral views, respectively; D – region of female mouth (another specimen), sublateral view; E – tail of female, ventral view; F – deirid; G – distal end of left spicule, ventral view. Abbreviations: a – amphid; b – cephalic papilla c – phasmid; d – anus; l – labium; p – pseudolabium with anterior tooth-like projection; s – sublabium.
A distinct neurogenomic response to a tradeoff between social challenge and opportunity in male sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
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Data from: Is phenotypic plasticity use-it-or-lose-it? Exploring genetic assimilation of salinity-plastic traits across threespine stickleback (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>) populations
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Data from: Phosphorus limitation does not drive loss of bony lateral plates in freshwater stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Connecting the selective forces that drive the evolution of phenotypes to their underlying genotypes is key to understanding adaptation, but such connections are rarely tested experimentally. Threespine stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>) are a powerful model for such tests because genotypes that underlie putatively adaptive traits have been identified. For example, a regulatory mutation in the <i>Ectodysplasin</i> (<i>Eda</i>) gene causes a reduction in the number of bony armor plates, which occurs rapidly and repeatedly when marine sticklebacks invade freshwater. However, the source of selection on plate loss in freshwater is unknown. Here, we tested whether dietary reduction of phosphorus can account for selection on plate loss due to a growth advantage of low-plated fish in freshwater. We crossed marine fish heterozygous for the 16 kilobase freshwater <i>Eda</i> haplotype and compared the growth of offspring with different genotypes under contrasting levels of dietary phosphorus in both saltwater and freshwater. <i>Eda</i> genotype was not associated with growth differences in any treatment, or with mechanisms that could mitigate the impacts of phosphorus limitation, like differential phosphorus deposition, phosphorus excretion, or intestine length. This study highlights the importance of experimentally testing the putative selective forces acting on phenotypes and their underlying genotypes in the wild.
Characterizing contemporary evolutionary change in a recently isolated population of Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.)
<p>Parallel evolution of lateral plates and body shape in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is an iconic example of adaptation. We test a case of contemporary evolutionary transition in a recently isolated population of marine G. aculeatus in British Columbia, Canada. We investigate Ectodysplasin (Eda) genotypes, plate counts, neutral genetic divergence and whole-body phenotypes to determine genetic and phenotypic distance between this population and nearby comparative populations. Our focal population is in the process of adapting both genetically and phenotypically to a freshwater environment and we provide an example of the genetic basis for parallel evolutionon a contemporary timescale. The frequency of Eda genotypes and lateral plate phenotypes in our focal population are not consistent with those of marine or fully freshwater populations. Although our focal population is genetically distinct from nearby marine populations, these fish still more closely resemble marine populations in overall body shape while demonstrating an intriguing intermediate phenotype. Eda frequency and lateral plate phenotype change faster than body shape in response to freshwater conditions, suggesting that the pace of adaptation differs across traits in response to the same environmental conditions. Our results further bolster the case for G. aculeatus as a key model of contemporary evolution.</p>
Phenotypic correlates of pelvic spine coloration in the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): Implications for function and evolution
<p>Animal color patches may be static or plastic in expression and concealable or continuously visible, yet these aspects of coloration, and their consequences, have been little studied. We address them here using the threespine stickleback (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>). Despite a rich history of study of stickleback nuptial color pattern evolution, disagreement persists regarding selection pressures and function. However, little research has addressed the role of pelvic spine coloration, a potentially important, and substantially concealable, color pattern element. We investigated (i) whether male pelvic spine (along with throat and body) coloration is relatively static or plastic across the reproductive cycle, (ii) when pelvic spines are raised versus concealed across behavioral contexts, and (iii) associations between color patches and behavior in males. We found no significant variation in spine color across reproductive stages whereas body color was more plastic and intensely red during courtship and egg/fry care. Conspicuousness of pelvic spine coloration instead varied behaviorally, through increased erection frequency during social interactions and in response to a model predator. Spine erection frequency was positively associated with behaviors that enhance spine color visibility, i.e. flees and leads to nest. These findings suggest that stickleback use pelvic spines to display an intensely red color patch facultatively, either as a complement to similar body coloration or possibly as a substitute. In addition, elevated spine raising in the presence of a model predator, together with the presence of red spine coloration in females, raises the possibility that red spine coloration may also have an anti-predator function.</p>
Data to: Carotenoids-based reddish pelvic spines in non-reproducing female and male sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) – signalling social dominance?
<p>Conspicuous ornaments are often considered a result of evolution by sexual selection. According to the social selection hypothesis, such conspicuous traits may also evolve as badges of status associated with increased boldness or aggression towards conspecifics in conflicts about ecological resources. This study tested predictions from the social selection hypothesis to explain evolution of conspicuous red colour of the pelvic spines of the three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Wild non-reproducing sticklebacks were presented to pairs of dummies which differed at their pelvic spines, having either (i) normal sized grey or red pelvic spines, or (ii) normal sized grey or large red pelvic spines. The experimental tank was illuminated by white or green light, since green light impedes the sticklebacks' ability to detect red colour. The dummies moved slowly around in circles at each end of the experimental tank. We quantified the parameters (i) which of the two dummies was visited first, (ii) time taken before the first visit to a dummy, (iii) distribution of the focal sticklebacks in the two zones close to each of the two dummies and in the neutral zone of the tank, (iv) close to which of the two dummies did the focal fish eat its first food-piece, and (v) time spent until the first piece of food was eaten. This was carried out for 22 females and 29 males sticklebacks. The results suggested no effect of the colour or size of the dummies' pelvic spines, on none of the five behavioural parameters. Moreover, neither the colour of the pelvic spines of the focal sticklebacks themselves (as opposed to redness of the dummies' spines) or their body length was associated with behaviour towards the dummies. Thus, this study did not support predictions from the social selection hypothesis to explain evolution of red pelvic spines in sticklebacks.</p>
Gasterosteus aculeatus gynogenetic reference genome and functional annotations version 1 and raw PacBio and Illumina data
<p class="MsoNormal">Whole genome sequencing enables us to ask fundamental questions about the genetic basis of adaptation, population structure, and epigenetic mechanisms, but usually requires a suitable reference genome for making sense of the sequence data. While the availability of reference genomes has significantly improvement in both taxonomic coverage and overall quality, this poses a challenge for researchers in determining which reference genome best suits their data. Here we compare the use of two different reference genomes for the three-spined stickleback (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>), one novel genome from a European individual and the published reference genome of a North American individual. Specifically, we investigate the impact of using a local reference versus one generated from a differentiated population on several commonly used metrics in population genomics. Through mapping genome resequencing data of 60 sticklebacks from across Europe and North America, we confirmed genome quality is an important factor in choosing a reference genome. A local reference genome did offer increased mapping efficiency and genotyping accuracy, likely stemming from the higher similarity in genome sequence and synteny. Despite comparable distributions of the metrics generated across the genome using SNP data (i.e., π, Tajima's D, and FST), window-based statistics using different references resulted in different outlier genes and enriched gene functions. In contrast, the marker-based analysis utilising DNA methylation distributions had a considerably higher overlap in outlier genes and functions when using different reference genomes. Overall, our results highlight how using a local reference genome can increase the resolution of genome scans when multiple similar-quality reference genomes are available. Such results have implications in the detection of signatures of selection.</p>
Going, going, gone: evidence for loss of an endemic species pair of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) with implications for protection under species-at-risk legislation
<p>Genomic extinction occurs when the unique combination of genetic traits that characterize distinct phenotypes is eliminated by introgressive hybridization even if population size is greater than zero. Benthic and limnetic threespine sticklebacks (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>) constitute reproductively isolated undescribed biological species that have evolved independently in several lakes in southwestern British Columbia, Canada (known as "species pairs" in each lake). Here we investigated whether the two species that comprise the pair from Enos Lake, southeastern Vancouver Island, remain as two distinct gene pools. Multi-season samples (>1200 fish) obtained over two years from throughout the lake and assayed for variation in morphological traits characteristic of the two species (i.e., body depth, dorsal spine count, gill raker counts) and at 12 microsatellite DNA loci consistently indicated the existence of only a single group of sticklebacks. There was no consistent evidence of two groups in any morphological trait, and mean gill raker counts were consistently intermediate (20–21) to those of known benthics (~18) and limnetics (~24) which together comprised strikingly bimodal distributions in historical samples. Genetic analyses employing model-based clustering also consistently indicated the presence of only a single genetic group of sticklebacks. Compared to historical samples and to benthics and limnetics from other lakes, no Enos Lake fish could be identified confidently as a pure benthic or limnetic. Our results provide the strongest evidence yet that the Enos Lake sticklebacks now consist of a single morphological and genetic population of sticklebacks, that the unique combination of genetic and morphological traits that characterized benthic and limnetic sticklebacks no longer exist, and that their current status under Canada's <em>Species-at Risk Act</em> as Endangered should be re-evaluated.</p>
Data to: Carotenoids-based reddish pelvic spines in non-reproducing female and male sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) – signalling social dominance?
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Phenotypic correlates of pelvic spine coloration in the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): Implications for function and evolution
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Characterizing contemporary evolutionary change in a recently isolated population of Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.)
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Gasterosteus aculeatus gynogenetic reference genome and functional annotations version 1 and raw PacBio and Illumina data
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Denovo assembly of a Japan Sea stickleback (Gasterosteus nipponicus) and a Japanese Pacific Ocean lineage of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
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Going, going, gone: evidence for loss of an endemic species pair of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) with implications for protection under species-at-risk legislation
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Social context affects tissue-specific copper distribution and behaviour of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
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Data from: Phosphorus limitation does not drive loss of bony lateral plates in freshwater stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
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Ontogeny of escape response and body shape in Threespine Stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i> L.)
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