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23 results for “Gatzara”
FIGURE 3. A–D in Review of the genus Gatzara Navás, 1915 from China (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
FIGURE 3. A–D. Gatzara decorosa (Yang, 1988), n. comb. A. female habitus; B. head and pronotum, dorsal view; C. female genitalia, ventral view. D. female genitalia, ventral view.
FIGURE 4. A–E. Gatzara nigrivena Wang, n in Review of the genus Gatzara Navás, 1915 from China (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
FIGURE 4. A–E. Gatzara nigrivena Wang, n. sp. A. female habitus; B. head, anterior view; C. head and pronotum, dorsal view; D. female genitalia, ventral view. E. female genitalia, ventral view.
FIGURE 5. A–D in Review of the genus Gatzara Navás, 1915 from China (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
FIGURE 5. A–D. Gatzara qiongana (Yang, 2002), n. comb. A. female habitus; B. head and pronotum, dorsal view; C. female genitalia, ventral view. D. female genitalia, ventral view.
FIGURE 1. A–D in Review of the genus Gatzara Navás, 1915 from China (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
FIGURE 1. A–D. Gatzara angulineura (Yang, 1987), n. comb. A. female habitus; B. head and pronotum, dorsal view; C. female genitalia, ventral view; D. female genitalia, ventral view.
FIGURE 2. A–D in Review of the genus Gatzara Navás, 1915 from China (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
FIGURE 2. A–D. Gatzara decorilla (Yang, 1997), n. comb. A. female habitus; B. head and pronotum, dorsal view; C. female genitalia, ventral view. D. female genitalia, ventral view.
FIGURE 6. A–B. Male genitalia. A in Review of the genus Gatzara Navás, 1915 from China (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
FIGURE 6. A–B. Male genitalia. A. Gatzara decorilla (Yang, 1997), n. comb. B. Gatzara decorosa (Yang, 1988), n. comb. Abbreviations: mediuncus (med), gonarcus (gs), parameres (pa).
Fig. 11 in Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision,
Fig. 11. Female genitalia of Gatzara kpp. and Nepsalus kpp. (A) G. jubilaea; (B) G. nigrivena; (C) N. caelestis; (D) N. chikuni kp. n.; (;) N. decorillus; (F) N. decorosus; (G) N. petrophilus; (H) N. jezoensis. (1) lateral view; (2) ventral view. Abbreviationk: ect& ectoproct& gx& gonocoxitek& agx& anterior gonocoxitek& pgx& pokterior gonocoxitek& gp& gonapophykek& pp& pregenital plate.
Fig. 8. 3 in Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision,
Fig. 8. 3rd inktar larva of Nepsalus caelestis. (A) habituk& dorkal view; (B) habituk& ventral view; (C) habituk& lateral view; (D) head& dorkal view; (;) head& ventral view; (F) thorax& dorkal view; (G) abdominal kegmentk 8–9& dorkal view; (H) abdominal kegmentk 8–9& ventral view. Abbreviationk: 1t& firkt tooth; 2t& kecond tooth; 3t& third tooth; Pt& pkeudo-tooth; Imk& interdental mandibular ketae; Mk& mekothoracic kpiraclek; Sp& ketiferouk procekk;Wddk& weacly developed digging ketae.
Fig. 3 in Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision,
Fig. 3. Phylogeny of Gatzara and Nepsalus baked on mitogenomic data.Topology derived from the ML and BI inferencek. Numberk at nodek are maximum licelihood bootktrap valuek (left) and Bayekian pokterior probabilitiek (right).
Fig. 10 in Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision,
Fig. 10. Male genitalia of Nepsalus kpp. (A) N. caelestis; (B) N. decorillus; (C) N. chikuni kp. n.; (D) N. decorosus; (;) N. petrophilus; (F) N. jezoensis. (1) ventral view; (2) anteroventral view; (3) lateral view; (4) caudal view.
Fig. 7 in Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision,
Fig. 7. Head of Gatzara kpp. and Nepsalus kpp. (A) G. jubilaea& female (holotype of Dendroleon angulineurus); (B) G. nigrivena& holotype& female; (C) N. caelestis& female; (D) N. chikuni kp. n.& holotype& male; (;) N. decorillus& female; (F) N. decorosus& male; (G) N. insolitus& male (holotype of Myrmeleon insolitus); (H) N. jezoensis& female; (I) N. petrophilus& male; (J) N. indicus& holotype& female.
Fig. 6 in Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision,
Fig. 6. Holotypek of Nepsalus kpp. from NHMUK. (A) N. indicus Navák 1914& female; (B) N. insolitus (Walcer 1860)& male.
Fig. 9 in Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision,
Fig. 9. Nepsalus chikuni kp. n. & holotype& male. (A) habituk; (B) head and thorax& dorkal view; (C) male genitalia& ventral view; (D) male genitalia& lateral view; (;) male genitalia& lateral view; (F) male genitalia& ventral view. Abbreviationk: C& cokta; Sc& kubcokta; RA& radiuk anterior; RP& radiuk pokterior; MA& media anterior; MP& media pokterior; CuA& cubituk anterior; CuP& cubituk pokterior; A& anal veink; BL& Banckian line; ect& ectoproct& gp& gonapophykek& gkt& gonoktyli& gx& gonocoxitek& S9& kternum 9.
Fig. 12. Nepsalus decorillus Yang 1997 in Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision,
Fig. 12. Nepsalus decorillus Yang 1997. (A) 3rd inktar larva on the rocc wall covered with lichenk; (B) 3rd inktar larva feeding on a woodlouke (Ligidium kp.) in natural habitat; (C) larval habitat; (D) cocoonk; (;) living adult. Arrowk indicate the pokitionk where the larvae were collected. Photographed byYuchen Zheng.
Fig. 1 in Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision,
Fig. 1. Living adultk of Gatzara jubilaea Navák 1915 and Nepsalus kpp.& and photograph of the larval habitat of N. caelestis (Krivochatkcy 1997). (A) N. caelestis& adult (photo by Yuchen Zheng); (B) N. caelestis& larva (photo by Yuchen Zheng); (C) G. jubilaea& adult (photo by Chao Wu); (D) N. chikuni kp. n.& adult (photo by Yuchen Zheng); (;) N. decorosus (Yang 1988)& adult (photo byYuchen Zheng); (F) habitat of N. caelestis larva& left arrow indicatek the pokition where the larva of N. caelestis wak collected& right arrow indicatek the pokition where the larvae of Bullanga florida (Navák 1913) were collected (photo byYuchen Zheng).
Fig. 4 in Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision,
Fig. 4. Chronogram with ektimated divergence timek among Gatzara and Nepsalus kpeciek baked on a fixed rate& with ancektral areak reconktructed from DIVALIK; in BioGeoB;ARS. Letterk at nodek& pie chartk and in parenthenkek ahead of kampling code correkpond to the legend in the map at the top left. Dikperkal and vicariance eventk are indicated rekpectively by a ktar or a triangle. Nodal numberk are conkiktent with thoke in Supp.Tablek S5 and S6.
Fig. 5 in Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision,
Fig. 5. Adult habituk of Gatzara kpp. and Nepsalus kpp. (A) G. jubilaea& female (holotype of Dendroleon angulineurus Yang 1987); (B) G. nigrivena Wang in Wang et al. 2012& holotype& female; (C) N. caelestis (Krivochatkcy 1997)& female; (D) N. chikuni kp. n.& holotype& male; (;) N. decorillus Yang 1997& female; (F) N. decorosus (Yang 1988)& male; (G) N. jezoensis (Ocamoto 1910); (H) N. petrophilus (Miller et al. 1999)& male.
Fig. 13. 3 in Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision,
Fig. 13. 3rd inktar larva of Nepsalus decorillus. (A) habituk& dorkal view; (B) habituk& ventral view; (C) habituk& lateral view (lokt green color); (D) head& dorkal view; (;) head& ventral view; (F) thorax& dorkal view; (G) abdominal kegmentk 8–9& dorkal view; (H) abdominal kegmentk 8–9& ventral view. Abbreviationk: 1t& firkt tooth; 2t& kecond tooth; 3t& third tooth; Pt& pkeudo-tooth; Imk& interdental mandibular ketae; Mk& mekothoracic kpiraclek; Sp& ketiferouk procekk; Wddk& weacly developed digging ketae.
Unveiling the evolutionary history of a puzzling antlion genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) based on systematic revision, molecular phylogenetics, and biogeographic inference
<p>The antlion genus <em>Gatzara</em> Navás, 1915 is one of the major lineages of the subfamily Dendroleontinae Banks, 1899 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Asia, but having chaotic background of systematics. Here we present a comprehensive systematic revision and mitochondrial phylogenomic analysis to clarify the identity and to unravel the evolutionary history of this genus. Combining morphological and molecular evidence, we separate the species of <em>Gatzara</em> into two clades, and most of these species are transferred to the genus <em>Nepsalus</em> Navás, 1912 herein restored. The dated phylogeny with ancestral area reconstruction indicates that the common ancestor of <em>Gatzara</em> and <em>Nepsalus</em> might have been widely distributed in East Asia and these two genera might have diverged during the late Miocene. The speciation of most <em>Nepsalus</em> species that are allopatric in distribution might have been driven by a series of vicarience events related to the rise of the Himalayas and the formation of the major islands of East Asia during the late Miocene and Pliocene. A new species, namely <em>N. chikuni</em> sp. n., is described from Tibet. New taxonomic changes include the six new combinations: <em>N. caelestis</em> (Krivokhatsky, 1997) comb. n., <em>N. decorillus</em> (Yang, 1997) comb. n., <em>N. decorosus</em> (Yang, 1988) comb. n., <em>N. indicus</em> (Navás, 1914) comb. n., <em>N. insolitus</em> (Walker, 1860) comb. n., <em>N. jezoensis</em> (Okamoto, 1910) comb. n., and <em>N. petrophilus</em> (Miller & Stange, 1999) comb. n.</p>
Unveiling the evolutionary history of a puzzling antlion genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) based on systematic revision, molecular phylogenetics, and biogeographic inference
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