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FIGURES 3–26 in Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., a new freshwater diatom (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Mula-Mutha River Basin, India

FIGURES 3–26. Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., light microscope images showing size diminution series: (3) holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm. 3776/ 51.

FIGURE 2 in Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., a new freshwater diatom (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Mula-Mutha River Basin, India

FIGURE 2. Map showing the sampling site of Geissleria triundulata described from the Mula-Mutha River (photo) basin located in Maharashtra state, western peninsular region of India.

FIGURE 1 in Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., a new freshwater diatom (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Mula-Mutha River Basin, India

FIGURE 1. Figure showing the year-wise distribution of publications in the genus Geissleria (1996–2023) and the distributional analysis of these taxa across continents.

FIGURES 34–40 in Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., a new freshwater diatom (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Mula-Mutha River Basin, India

FIGURES 34–40. Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., Internal valve views: (Fig. 34) Internal view of an entire valve showing the organisation of striae, location of stigma and remnants of the copulae; (Figs 35–36) Distal raphe ends terminating into small helictoglossae; (Figs 37–38) Proximal raphe endings are slightly hooked and deflecting on the same side, and showing somewhat sunken striae; (Figs 39–40) Presence of warty outgrowths along the long sides of the subpolar areolae at the apices. Scale bars = 1μm. 3776/ 51.

FIGURES 27–33 in Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., a new freshwater diatom (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Mula-Mutha River Basin, India

FIGURES 27–33. Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., External valve views: (Fig. 27) External view of an entire valve with straight and filiform proximal raphe endings; (Figs 28–29) Details of apices in external view presenting elongated subpolar areolae with distal raphe ends hooked in the same direction; (Figs 30–31) 1) Details showing the organisation of striae between the annuli and axial area, 2) Presence of slit-like transapically elongated structure at both sides of each apex (arrowheads); (Figs 32–33) Details of the central area showing the enlarged proximal raphe endings and presence of an isolated stigma. (Fig. 33) Central area is hyaline and slightly elevated. Scale bars = 1μm. 3776/ 51.

FIGURES 20–42 in Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes

FIGURES 20–42. Geissleria frolikhiensis sp. nov. Figs 20–42: Figs 20–35: Valve view. Figs 36–39: Live cells with chloroplast structure, explanation in the text. Fig. 40: External valve view, note biseriate striae near axial area (arrow). Figs 41, 42: Internal valve view, note props in areolae and elongated subpolar pores (annulus). (20–39: LM; 40–42: SEM). Scale bar for LM: 10 μm.

FIGURES 2–19 in Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes

FIGURES 2–19. Geissleria baicalosimilis sp. nov. Figs 2–19: Figs 2–10: Valve view. Fig. 11: Frustule view of girdle. Figs 12–14: Live cells with chloroplast structure, explanation in the text. Figs 15, 16: External valve view, note isolated pore in fig. 16 (arrow). Fig. 17: Internal valve view, note isolated pore structure (arrow). Fig. 18 External view of valve end, note structure of elongated subpolar pores (annulus). Fig. 19. Internal view of valve end, note annulus structure with warty outgrowths (2–14: LM; 15–19: SEM). Scale bar for LM: 10 μm.

FIGURES 48–51. Geissleria lacusbaicalensis. Fig. 48 in Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes

FIGURES 48–51. Geissleria lacusbaicalensis. Fig. 48: Internal view of central part of valve, note isolated pore and props in areolae. Encyonema sp. Fig. 49. Internal view of central part of valve, note slit like areolae with presence of props. Placoneis margarita. Fig. 50: Internal view of valve end, note props present around the edges of the areolae. Cymbella microlacusbaicalensis. Fig. 51: Internal view of valve end, note slit like areolae and presence of props in pores within pore fields. (SEM).

FIGURES 44–47. Geissleria pseudobadma. Figs 44, 45 in Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes

FIGURES 44–47. Geissleria pseudobadma. Figs 44, 45: Internal view of valve ends, note slit like areolae structure with evident props and elongated subpolar pores (annulus) with warty outgrowths; isolated pores at valve pole. G. irregularis. Fig 46: Internal view of valve end, note elongated subpolar pores (annulus) with warty outgrowths. Fig. 47. G. lacusbaicalensis. (SEM).

FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes

FIGURE 1: Map showing geographical position of Lake Frolikha close connected with Lake Baikal. First arrow indicates sampling in Lake Frolikha. Second arrow indicates sampling place in Lake Baikal.

FIGURE 43 in Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes

FIGURE 43. Phylogenetic analysis constructed from an alignment with 88 sequences and 1137 characters (partial SSU rDNA gene and partial rbcL gene). Values above vertical lines are Bayesian posterior probabilities (<90 are not shown), values below vertical lines are bootstrap support as maximum likelihood analyses (<50 are not shown). Species from the genera Stephanodiscus and Skeletonema were chosen as outgroup.